20 th Century

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1 20 th Century

2 General Characteristics Great depression Collapse of many empires World Wars Mass media Technology Inventions Automobile Scientific discoveries Theory of relativity

3 Characteristics of 20 th Century Artwork Expressionism Cubism Abstract Horses by Senaka Senanayake

4 Kimberly Conrad-moving metals Abstract expressionism

5 Franz Marc ( ) Piggies Cubism

6 Differences? 20 th century Art Romantic Art (Top) Eldena Ruin by Casper David Friedrich 1825

7 Important people of the 20 th century Albert Einstein, Germany Developed theory of relativity Winston Churchill British politician Amelia Earhart Fly solo across Atlantic ocean Henry Ford Assembly line Wright Brothers The first successful airplane

8 Electronic music Expressionism Serialism 12 tone row Music concrete Musical Developments Using recorded sounds as raw material Impressionism Whole tone and pentatonic scales

9 Atonality When a piece of music is not centered around a key signature. no home base

10 Serialism Using all 12 notes of a scale in a piece of music

11 Melody Differences with Romantic and 20 th Century Music Romantic Oftenlyrical, long irregular phrases 20 th Century Harmony Increased use of modulation Atonal Wide variety, very disjunct Rhythm Form Frequent change in meters with different movements Same as classical but expanded Prominent and complicated All previous forms changed Texture Homophonic Homophonic, Pointillism

12 Technology in music New instruments-synthesizers Many sounds Recorded music Edit recording speed up or slow down the music Downloaded music Travels quickly

13 Suggests atmosphere Impressionism Music painted an unclear imagine in the listeners imagination Claude Debussy

14 Prepared piano Sound altered by placing objects between or on the strings, the hammers or dampers John Cage

15 Whole tone scale Each note is separated from its neighbor note by a whole step. Eliminates major/minor system The Simpsons Theme

16 Igor Stravinsky June 5, 1882-April 6, 1971 Born in Russia, moved to France then moved to America Buried in Venice Italy Author of several books Famous work Rite of Spring Ballet

17 Arnold Schoenberg September 13, 1874-July Austrian composer Used atonality Developed serialism Also a painter and music theorist Teacher of John Cage

18 Aaron Copland November 14, December 2, 1990 American Composer, born in Brooklyn Wrote music for Hollywood in the 1930 s Most famous works Appalachian Spring Fanfare for the Common Man

19 Phillip Glass January 31, 1937 American composer, Baltimore Composer of Art music and minimalism Most famous work Einstein on the beach

20 John Cage September 5, 1912-August 12, 1992 American composer and music theorist Innovator of electroacoustic music Innovator of prepared piano Most famous work Sonatas and Interludes-prepared piano 4 33 (The sounds of the environment surrounding the performance is important to live music)

21 Charles Ives October 20, 1874-May 19, 1954 American Composer Insurance salesmen Innovator of polytonality, and polyrhythm Used hymns, and traditional songs in an untraditional way. Most famous work The unanswered question

22 Famous 20 th century Composers in order of birth Schoenberg Stravinsky Cage Charles Ives Copeland Glass

23 String Electric Guitar Woodwind Ewi Brass Euphonium Keyboard Synthesizer Percussion Drum Set 20 th Century Instruments

24 Listening example 1 Composer: John Cage Title: Sonatas and interludes for prepared piano Date: Texture: Homophonic Form: Free Additional information: instruction manual on where to place bolts, screws and other objects in piano.

25 Listening example 2 Composer: Phillip Glass Title: Einstein on the beach Date: 1976 Texture: Homophonic Form: Opera Additional Information: First famous opera

26 Listening Example 3 Composer: Aaron Copland Title: Simple gifts from Appalachian Spring Date: 1944 Texture: Homophonic Form: Ballet Additional Information: originally written for orchestra, later transcribe for band

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