SIJBJECTS AND PREI)ICATES

Transcription

1 Unit 2- Parts of a Sentence SIJBJECTS AND PREI)ICATES Subject- the word or words that tell who or what the sentence is about Simple Subject- the one or two key words in the subject. Complete Subject- the entire subject including all modifiers. Predicate- the word or words describing the action of the subject Simple Predicate- the one or two key words in the predicate. Complete Predicate- the entire predicate including all modifiers. Example: Remember: 1. Every word in a sentence is part of either the complete subject or the complete predicate. 2. Identify the key word or words in the complete subject and the complete predicate those key words are the simple subject and simple predicate. (Hint: ignore modifiers, like adjectives and adverbs.) CLAIJSES AND PhRASES We can use the concepts of subjects and predicates to help us identify types of clauses and phrases. Clauses- contain a subject and predicate. 1. Independent clause- a complete thought that can stand on its own as a sentence. 2. Dependent (subordinate) clause- an incomplete thought that can NOT stand on its own. (Often introduced by words like because, although, etc... called subordinating conjunctions.) Example: Although I am wearing a coat, I am still cold. Dependent Independent Phrases- missing either a subject or predicate Happy as could be. I watched the first snowfall of the year. Phrase- missing a subject A kind and gentle man, Michael could do harm to anyone. Phrase- missing a predicate

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3 Name Date Simple Subjects and Predicates Reteaching Every sentence has two basic parts: the subject and the predicate. The simple subject is the key word or words that tell who or what the sentence is about. The simple subject does not include modifiers. The simple predicate, or verb, is the principal word or group of words in the predicate. The verb phrase may consist of more than one word and may be interrupted by modifiers. The director explained the upcoming scene. SIMPLE SIMPLE SUBJECT PREDICATE does not horror films. SIMPI.E SIMPLE SUBJECT PREDICATE Identifying Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Underline the simple subject once and the simple predicate twice. EXAMPLE The actors study their lines for hours. 1. The cinematographer arranges the lighting for a film. 2. Another concern of the cinematographer is the quality of the photography.. 3. Color film has been used since the 1940s. 4. Color film can make films more realistic. 5. Computer technology has permitted the colorization of black and white movies. 6. Two filmmakers may appcoach the same story with totally different results. 7. The advent of sound led to more realistic, less exaggerated acting. 8. In silent movies, subtitles communicated nonvisual information to the audience. 9. Today, foreign language movies with English subtitles can proid a similar experience. 10. Contemporary movieqoers readily accept sound effects as part of a film s atmosphere and mood. 11. Enainrs must ree4ce even the softest sounds accurately Sound effects aj often exderieng.ed at a subconscious level. 13. The genre of musicals has beew largely an American film phenomenon. 14. Text reê.r.s-to the words in a script. 15. Subtext refers to the ideas and emotions behind the words in the script. 16. Experienced actors can interpret a single line in the script with a variety of emotions Often the most important scene in a film is the last one. 18. Some movies are filmed on location in exotic places all over the world. 19. Other movies are shot in studios with elaborate sets and lighting techniques. 20. Movie critics have becqje part of popular culture. 21. Critics opinions serve as guides for millions of moviegoers 22. Films may be adapi from other works of literature. (_For use with Pupil s Edition pp GRAMMAR, USAGE, MECHANICS WORKBOOK 25

4 Name Date Simple Subjects and Predicates More Practice A. Identifying Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Underline the simple subject once and the simple predicate twice in each of the following sentences. ExAMPLE Good film critics awaken our curiosity. 1. Actors must commit many pages of a script to memory. 2.t9Ics rarely agree on the quality of films. 3. They to films from their own tastes and perspectives. 4. Film techniques such as flashbacks may QaIuse the viewer. 5. Movies are surely the most expensive artistic expression! 6. Film has been used for both entertainment and education. 7. Publicity photos ot actors and actresses show them in full make-up and costume. 8. Promotional movie posters are now their own art form. 9. CgNectars of original movie posters often pay high prices for these works of art. 10. The skill of the editor contributes to any film s artistic and commercial success. B. Identifying Complete Sentences Some of the following items are complete sentences and some are fragments. If the item is a complete sentence, write S on the line. If the item is a fragment, write either MSS or MSP to identify whether the sentence is missing a simple subject or a simple predicate, or verb. 1. Spoke the first line of the lengthy script in a hushed voice. 2. Many films of the 1960s reflect either the violence of war or the mixed feelings of our citizens regarding war. 3. Filmmakers must be cbncerned with the rising costs of production. 4. Issues of right and wrong in modern society. d 5. Film actors óonstantly in the public eye.. 6. Began his career as a child star in the 1940s. 7. A versatile actor at home on stage television and film. 8. Has been left on the cutting-room floor Remember that the term fan comes from the word fanatic. 10. Actors under exclusive contract with allegiance to only one film company A respected star of stage and screen for more than a decade. 12. The word Hollywood is synonymous with American movies. 26 GLkiMAR, USAGE, AND MBcNIcs WoiuooK (Jror use with Pupil s Edition pp.

5 Name Date Complete Subjects and Predicates Reteaching The complete subject includes the simple subject and all the words that modify it. The complete predicate includes.the verb and all the words that modify it. Every word in a sentence is either part of the complete subject or part of the complete predicate. Rock music evolved from rhythm and blues and country music. COMPLETE SUBJECT COMPLETE PREDICATE A. Identifying Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Underline the complete subject once and the complete predicate twice. EXAMPLE Early rock fans enioved the music of Chuck Berry and Bill Haley. 1. Early rocker Chuck Berry was known for his inventive guitar work. 2. Bill Haley and the Comets brought the sound of rock to a wide audience. 3. Most prents were not accustomed to the sound of this new music. 4. Some people opposed rock music violently. 5. The rhythms of rock were different from those of the big band era. 6. Even the major instruments differed from those featured in early 50s pop music. 7. The lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar, and drums replaced the big bands. 8. The rise of the Beatles made rock music truly international. 9. Fans from New York to California screamed with excitement at Beatles concerts. 10. The thrill of a rock concert remains the same for today s audiences. B. Identifying Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Underline the complete subject once and the complete predicate twice. Then decide which part of the sentence the boldfaced word belongs to. Write Part of subject or Part of predicate on the line. 1. Huge trucks roll across the nation s highways all night long. 2. What percentage of travelers use telephone credit cards? 3. Some poisonous snakes have been found along this trail. 4. We stopped at the fast-food restaurant for a snack after the dance. 5. Eager travelers enjoyed the sight of maple trees with colorful leaves. 6. The old gas lamps cast a warm glow on the flowered wallpaper. 7. Why have you taken down your favorite poster? 8. The U.S. president travels around the world in Air Force One. 9. Unknown vandals damaged the statue in front of the art museum. 10. The damaged statue stands as a reminder of the effects of human violence. 28 G111AR, USAGE, AND MEcHANIcs Wo1uaooK (Frse with Pupil s Edition pp )

6 Name Date Complete Subjects and Predicates A. Identifying Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Draw a vertical line between the complete subject and the complete predicate in each of the following sentences. ExAiwLE Country and western music has its roots in southern folk music. 1. Groups such as the Carter family recorded old traditional ballads. 2. The family used vocal techniques and instruments typical of traditional folk music. 3. The Grand Ole Opry in Nashville showcases country music talent. 4. Audiences in the 1930s enjoyed music from the Grand Ole Opry in a national network radio show. 5. The lyrics of many country songs dwell on serious topics such as poverty and loneliness. 6. Listeners often identify with the emotions of the singers. 7. Many types of music can be classified as country music. 8. Traditional bluegrass music is a particularly pure form of country music. 9. Country rock has attracted many popular pert:ormers. 10. Country music offers a variety of styles for many tastes. B. Using Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates On the line to the right of each item, write how each of the following groups of words could be used: CS for a complete subject or CP for a complete predicate. Then use each group of words to write a complete sentence, adding a complete subject or complete predicate as necessary. EXAMPLE a cool glass of lemonade CS 4 cool )a.ss op k,vioad wot.. ld ta.ct good rih± now More Practice Q 1. all members of the drama club 2. flew past us 3. big cats in zoos 4. a beautiful blue heron 5. need large cages or extensive fenced areas 6. have made great progress ([For use with Pupil s Edition pp ) GRAMMAR., USAGE, AND MECHANICS WORKBooK 29

7 Name Date Kinds of Clauses A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and forms a sentence. My favorite season SUBJECT VERB spring. Reteaching A subordinate, or dependent, clause contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. Subordinate clauses are often introduced by such words as although, if, because, how, what, why, that, when, and since. Although the days are cool (What happens despite this?) A subordinate claâse must always be combined with an independent clause. Although the days are cool, the sun is visible longer. SUBORDINATE CLAUSE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE A subordinate clause should not be confused with have a subject and a verb. Tracking hours of sunlight we look forward to summer. (phrase) phrase which does not As we track hours of sunlight, we look forward to summer. (subordinate clause) A. Identifying Clauses Identify each boldfaced group of words by writing C for a clause and P for a phrase. 1. The seasons occur because the amount of sunlight changes. 2. With the days so short and the sun so low in the sky, the winter air barely warms up. 3. Spring nights are usually cool, but spring days may be warm. 4. Hanging high in the sky, the sun heats up summer days. B. Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses Identify each boldfaced group of words by writing IND for independent clause or SUB for subordinate clause. 1. A full moon appears iarer as it emerges from behind clouds. 2. The housefly has five eyes, which are located on the upper part of its head. 3. While red lights repel birds, white lights attract them. 4. The campers learned what the poison ivy vine looks like. 5. What bedtime story will you tell the children if they stay up late? 6. When Peter changed his clothes for the party, he forgot to comb his hair. 70 Gpl,iv1Ap, USAGE, AND MECHANICS WORKBOOK (fuse with Pupil s Edition pp.

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