Advanced Statistical Steganalysis

Transcription

1 Information Security and Cryptography Advanced Statistical Steganalysis Bearbeitet von Rainer Böhme 1. Auflage Buch. xvi, 288 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 619 g Weitere Fachgebiete > EDV, Informatik > Hardwaretechnische Grundlagen > Kryptographie, Datenverschlüsselung Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents 1 Introduction Steganography and Steganalysis as Empirical Sciences Objective and Approach Outline... 4 Part I Background and Advances in Theory 2 Principles of Modern Steganography and Steganalysis Digital Steganography and Steganalysis Steganographic System Steganalysis Relevance in Social and Academic Contexts Conventions Design Goals and Metrics Capacity Steganographic Security Robustness Further Metrics Paradigms for the Design of Steganographic Systems Paradigm I: Modify with Caution Paradigm II: Cover Generation Dominant Paradigm Adversary Models Passive Warden Active Warden Embedding Domains Artificial Channels Spatial and Time Domains Transformed Domain Selected Cover Formats: JPEG and MP Exotic Covers xi

3 xii Contents 2.7 Embedding Operations LSB Replacement LSB Matching (±1) Mod-k Replacement, Mod-k Matching, and Generalisations Multi-Sample Rules Adaptive Embedding Protocols and Message Coding Public-Key Steganography Maximising Embedding Efficiency Specific Detection Techniques Calibration of JPEG Histograms Universal Detectors Quantitative Steganalysis Selected Estimators for LSB Replacement in Spatial Domain Images RS Analysis Sample Pair Analysis Higher-Order Structural Steganalysis Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis Summary and Further Steps Towards a Theory of Cover Models Steganalyst s Problem Formalised The Plausibility Heuristic Application to Digital Steganography Incognisability of the Cover Distribution Cover Models Defining Cover Models Options for Formulating Cover Models Cover Models and Detection Performance Summary and Motivations for Studying Cover Models Dealing with Heterogeneous Cover Sources Mixture Distributions The Mixture Cover Model Relation to Prior Information-Theoretic Work Theoretical Limits Observability Bounds Computational Bounds Applicability of the Theory of Cover Models Indeterminacy in the Cover Instances of Cover Models for Heterogeneous Sources Summary

4 Contents xiii Part II Specific Advances in Steganalysis 4 Detection of Model-Based Steganography with First-Order Statistics Fundamentals of Model-Based Steganography MB1: An Embedding Function for JPEG Covers Detection Method Experimental Validation Summary and Outlook Limitations and Future Directions Possible (Short-Term) Countermeasures Implications for More Secure Steganography Models of Heterogeneous Covers for Quantitative Steganalysis Metrics for Quantitative Steganalysis Conventional Metrics Improved Metrics Based on a Distribution Model Decomposition of Estimation Errors Measurement of Sensitivity to Cover Properties Method Modelling the Shape of the Between-Image Distribution Modelling the Shape of the Within-Image Distribution Summary and Conclusion Improved Weighted Stego Image Steganalysis Enhanced WS for Never-Compressed Covers Enhanced Predictor Enhanced Calculation of Weights Enhanced Bias Correction Experimental Results Adaptation of WS to JPEG Pre-Compressed Covers Improved Predictor Estimation of the Cover s JPEG Compression Quality Experimental Results Summary and Outlook Using Encoder Artefacts for Steganalysis of Compressed Audio Streams MP3 Steganography and Steganalysis Problem Statement in the Mixture Cover Model Framework Level of Analysis and Related Work Method

5 xiv Contents 7.2 Description of Features Features Based on the Compression Size Control Mechanism Features Based on Model Decisions Features Based on Capability Usage Feature Based on Stream Formatting Experimental Results for Encoder Detection Single-Compressed Audio Files Importance of Individual Features Influence of Double-Compression Experimental Results for Improved Steganalysis Explorative Analysis of Encoder Similarities Summary and Discussion Limitations and Future Directions Transferability to Other Formats Related Applications Part III Synthesis 8 General Discussion Summary of Results Results Based on Informal Arguments Results Based on Mathematical Proofs Results Based on Empirical Evidence Limitations Directions for Future Research Theoretical Challenges Empirical Challenges Practical Challenges Conclusion and Outlook A Description of Covers Used in the Experiments B Spurious Steganalysis Results Using the van Hateren Image Database C Proof of Weighted Stego Image (WS) Estimator D Derivation of Linear Predictor for Enhanced WS E Game for Formal Security Analysis F Derivation of ROC Curves and AUC Metric for Example Cover Models G Supplementary Figures and Tables

6 Contents xv References List of Tables List of Figures List of Acronyms List of Symbols List of Functions Index