Music Perception with Combined Stimulation

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1 Music Perception with Combined Stimulation Kate Gfeller 1,2,4, Virginia Driscoll, 4 Jacob Oleson, 3 Christopher Turner, 2,4 Stephanie Kliethermes, 3 Bruce Gantz 4 School of Music, 1 Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, 2 Department of Biostatistics, 3 Iowa Cochlear Implant Clinical Research Center, 4 Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

2 Acknowledgements This study was supported by grant 2 P50 DC00242 from the NIDCD, NIH; grant RR00059 from the General Clinical Research Centers Program, NCRR, NIH; Grant 1R01DC A1from NIH-NIDCD, and the Iowa Lions Foundation.

3 Background Low-frequency information available through preserved acoustic hearing can assist CI recipients in segregating the target speech signal from background noise. (Gantz & Turner, 2003; Gantz et al., 2006; Turner et al., 2004)

4 Low-frequency information available through preserved acoustic hearing can also assist CI recipients in perception of salient features of music (Dorman et al., 2008; El Fata et al., 2009; Galvin et al., 2009; Gantz et al., 2006; Gfeller et al., 2006, 2007, 2009; Kong et al., 2004; Turner et al., 2005, 2007)

5 Salient Features of Music Rhythm Tempo, basic beat Duration of individual notes Timbre Identification of voices, instruments, blends Sound quality Pitch Interval size, direction of pitch change = melody Concurrent pitches=harmony

6 Salient Features of Music Rhythm Tempo, basic beat Timbre Duration of individual notes Identification of voices, instruments, blends Sound quality Pitch Interval size, direction of pitch change = melody Concurrent pitches=harmony Lyrics in vocal music

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9 Technical Issues: Music vs. Speech Differences in acoustic input of speech and music Frequency range Speech: Hz Music: 27-well above 8000 Hz Spectrum Speech: well controlled spectrum Music: highly variable and rapidly changing spectrum. Intensity Speech: db SPL Music: db SPL; rapid changes in amplitude Music requires better resolution of pitch/ spectral shape

10 Music Perception Stimuli Isolated structural features Pitch, timbre, duration Computer-generated combinations e.g., pitch + rhythm Real-world combinations pitch (melody, harmony), timbre, duration, amplitude, lyrics. Measure Perceptual accuracy Detection, discrimination, recognition Appraisal Sound quality and enjoyment

11 Pitch Ranking Pitch Rank Test Total Items Correct A+E 6 mo (N=15) A+E most recent (N=25) LE (N=256) Normal Hearing (N=20) Gfeller et al., 2007

12 Melody Recognition Simple Melody Recognition Complex Melody Recognition % correct % correct Hz A=E (N=26 ) LE (N=191) Normal Hearing (N=17) A+E 6 mo (N=14) A+E most recent (N=32) LE (N=176) Normal Hearing (N=17) (Gfeller et al., 2006, 2007, 2010)

13 Interval Normalization Modified Melodies Test % correct Hz 262 Hz 523 Hz A+E (N=10) Bilateral LE (N=6) Normal Hearing (N=18)

14 Timbre Recognition Timbre Recognition Test % correct A+E (N=23) LE (N=51) Normal Hearing Gfeller et al., 2006

15 Lyrics Recognition Vocals in Background Music 0.00 male female SNR A+E (N=18, 19) LE No HA (N=60, 62) LE with HA (N=25) Bilateral (N=32) Normal Hearing (N=13) Gfeller et al., 2009

16 Music as Background Noise Music functions as a masker of speech sounds in many real-life situations (e.g., music at a party, MUZAK, music scores in movies).

17 Speech Recognition in Background Music Test (SRBM) Recognition of 12 spondees (as described in Turner et al., 2004) against 3 types of background music piano solo vocal solo + bass and guitar accompaniment large orchestra Participants 154 long electrode CI recipients (LE); 21 Hybrid recipients (A+E); 49 normal hearing adults (NH)

18 Speech Recognition in Background Music Gfeller et al., 2012

19 Pitch and Speech Pitch perception correlated with Speech in background noise (Gantz & Turner, 2003; Gantz et al., 2006; Gfeller, Turner, et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2004) Recognition of prosody marking linguistic contrasts (See, Driscoll, Gfeller et al., 2013) Tone discrimination in Mandarin Chinese (Xu, 200x) Talker discrimination (recognition) (Johnson, Driscoll, Gfeller et al., 2011)

20 Correlations: SRBM X Pitch Ranking, Ripple Test SRBM Pitch Ranking (N=165) Spectral Ripple (N=15) -.26 (p<.001) -.60 (p<.02) Gfeller et al., 2012

21 SRBN X SNR: Noise, Babble SNR (N=124) SRBM Noise Babble.72 (p<.001).66 (p<.001) Gfeller et al., 2012

22 Conclusions Preserved residual hearing benefits perception of pitch (melody), timbre better extraction of a target speaker from background noise or music

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24 Piano solo Spectral Analyses of Musical Stimuli Vocal solo + guitar Orchestra

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