Section 1 Notation. A note is a symbol that represents a pitch, or musical tone. Notes are placed on a staff as space notes or line notes.

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2 PrimoTeory.com Resources Level 7 Page 10

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4 Section 1 Notation 5 5 A note is a symbol tat represents a pitc, or musical tone. Notes are placed on a staff as space notes or line notes. 55 LINE notes SPACE notes Te five lines and four spaces of a staff are numbered from bottom to top Te WHOLE NOTE is saped like a ollo oval: 65 S or L S or L S or L S or L S or L S or L S or L S or L 1. Circle S for space note or L for line note. 2. Write te line and space numbers Write te correct number under eac line or space note. Lines 65 Spaces 65

5 . Dra ole notes in te space beteen te lines Dra ole notes on te middle lines. Te HALF NOTE consists of a note ead and a stem. Te note ead is not filled in. note ead stem Te QUARTER NOTE consists of a solid note ead and stem. Stem Placement: UP Stems Wen te stem goes up, it is placed on te rigt side of te note ead. correct rong A note it an up stem resembles te letter d Trace te note eads. Add UP stems to eac note ead. Dra alf notes it up stems. Wen draing a note ead it a stem, sape it like a tilted oval.

6 6 Stem Placement: DOWN Stems Wen te stem goes don, it is placed on te left side of te note ead. correct rong 8. Trace te note eads. Add DOWN stems to eac note ead. A note it a don stem resembles te letter p. 9. Dra alf notes it don stems. MEMORY AID: Replace te loercase d and p in doctor pepper it alf notes: octor epper Stem Direction Notes belo te middle line (line 3) ave up stems: middle line Notes above te middle line ave don stems: 6 6 Stems of notes on te 3rd line can go up or don. or Add stems to eac note ead.

7 Stem Lengt Te stem sould extend tree more lines or spaces from te note ead Te lengt of te stem sould eual te lengt of tree more note eads Add an up stem to eac note ead. Make sure te stem lengt is correct. Add a don stem to eac note ead. Te DOTTED HALF NOTE consists of a ollo note ead, stem, and a dot placed alays to te rigt of te note ead Placement of Dots For SPACE notes, place te dot.. on te same space as te note. For LINE notes, place te dot on 6 te next space above te note,. regardless of stem direction.. Add stems and dots to eac note ead dot

8 8 Section 2 Te Treble and Bass Clef Te Treble Clef Te treble clef, also called te G clef, marks te G line on te staff. Te names of te line and space notes of te treble staff: ` Line Notes `66 Space Notes E G B D F 1. `556 Name te line notes. 2. `6 Name te space notes. line 2 Treble G F A C E 3. `556 Name te line and space notes. `556 `556

9 . ` Dra ole notes on te lines and spaces indicated. line G space F line F space C line D space A line E 5. ` Dra alf notes on te lines and spaces indicated. line B space E line G space A line F space C line E 9 Te Bass Clef Te bass clef, also called te F clef, marks te F line on te staff. line bass F Te names of te line and space notes of te bass clef: 1 Line Notes 16 Space Notes G B D F A A C E G Name te line notes Name te space notes Name te line and space notes.

10 line G 11. line B space C space E line F line D space A space A line D line G space G space C line A line A On te staves belo, dra ole notes as named. Use lines or spaces of your coice. Note te clef signs Dra uarter notes on te lines and spaces indicated Dra dotted alf notes on te lines and spaces indicated. ` ` G B E F F E C A B G F D C A G B D F D G A C G C E D A E

11 Te Grand Staff Te treble and bass staves are joined by a brace to form te grand staff. 11 brace `5 15 bar lines double bar line Te bar lines extend troug bot staves of te grand staff Te double bar line as a tin line and a tick line. `5 15 Middle C is ritten on a ledger line beteen te bass and treble staves. ledger line Middle C ill be placed closer to te treble or bass staff. ` 1 Treble clef middle C ` 1 Bass clef middle C

12 12 Draing Middle C Wen draing middle C on te treble clef, te distance beteen te ledger line and line 1 sould be te same as te distance beteen te oter lines of te staff. `5 Te spaces beteen te lines are eual. 12. `5 Dra an X across `5 te middle C s `5 ic are not placed `5 correctly. `5 13. ` Practice draing middle C s on tis staff. Place te ledger line along te dotted line. Practice draing middle C s on tis staff. Place tem te correct distance from te first line. 1. ` ` 15. Dra a middle C on te treble staff. 1

13 Wen draing middle C on te bass clef, te distance beteen te ledger line and line 15 5 sould be te same as te distance beteen te oter lines of te staff. Te spaces beteen te lines are eual Dra an X across te middle C s ic are not placed correctly Practice draing middle C s on tis staff. Place te ledger line along te dotted line. Practice draing middle C s on tis staff. Place tem te correct distance from te fift line ` 19. Dra a middle C on te bass staff. 1

14 1 Te D Above Middle C Tere is only room for one note beteen middle C and te first line of te treble staff. ` C D E 20. Name te notes. 15- `5- `5- Te B Belo Middle C Te note beteen middle C and te fift line of te bass staff is B. 1 C B A 21. Name te notes. 15-

15 REVIEW: Section ` `555- Name te notes. Notice te clef signs ` Dra dotted alf notes on te lines and spaces indicated. Notice te clef signs. line E space F line B space E line G space C line F line B space A Middle C space G line A space E line F ` Middle C space A line D space D line G space C line E

16 line G 16 space B Middle C space C line D space G line B 3. Label te parts of te grand staff. `5 15. Name te notes. ` `

17 A time signature is placed at te beginning of a piece of music, to te rigt of te clef sign. Section 3 Time Signatures Bar lines are used to separate measures. A double bar line is used mark te end of a piece or section. `5---= measure measure measure bar line bar line double bar line `5 Te top number sos o many beats in eac measure. Te bottom number sos te note value tat gets one beat. 17 Examples: `55 `55 Tere are four beats per measure. Te uarter note ( ) gets one beat. 3 Tere are tree beats per measure. Te uarter note ( ) gets one beat. 1. Circle te correct symbol for eac term. Treble Clef 3 Bar Line Double Bar Line 6-= 6-5 Bass Clef Time Signature Measure 6-=

18 18 2. Fill in te blanks. Tere are four beats in eac. Te note gets one beat. (dra te note) 3. Write te number of beats per measure according to eac time signature Beats per measure: 2 Here are te note values for time signatures it as te bottom number: Wole Note Dotted Half Note Half Note Quarter Note beats 3 beats 2 beats 1 beat. 5. Write te correct number of beats eac note or group of notes gets. = = = = beat(s). beat(s). beat(s). beat(s). = beat(s). = = beat(s). = beat(s). beat(s). Write te correct number tat completes eac statement. One note euals notes. One note euals notes. One note euals notes. One note euals notes.

19 19 Te Counts of te Measure in $Time Rytm Drills in $Time 6. Clap te rytms as you count aloud. Repeat eac exercise until you can clap and count at a steady pace. A) = B) = C) = D) = E) =.. F) =..

20 20 Te Counts of te Measure in Rytm Drills in #Time 7. Clap te rytms as you count aloud. Repeat eac exercise until you can clap and count at a steady pace. A) = 3 B) = 3 C) = 3 Rytm Drills 8. Clap te rytms as you count aloud = A) 2 B) = 2 C) = 2

21 9. Write = te counts of eac measure belo te notes = = = Add 15-= bar lines ere tey are needed. Ceck te time signatures. 15-= 15-= 3 15-= Write `5-=665-=-=556-= te top number of te time signature in eac measure... `-=-=5-=5666-=.

22 22 Ear Training: Rytmic Dictation Te act of riting on te staff te notes of a rytm tat is performed is called rytmic dictation. As you complete tese or any rytmic dictation drills, alays keep in mind te folloing tips: At first, just listen carefully and count te beats of te measure as you ear te rytm. Alays rite ligtly at first (because you may need to erase a bit!). Ceck your anser by playing along uietly as you read your on riting. 12. Your teacer ill play to examples in eac exercise. Eac example as to measures. Te first measure of eac example is given. Write te rytm for te second measure of eac example. A ` = ` = B C D E ` = ` = 3 ` = ` = 3 ` = ` = 3 ` = ` = Te student/teacer exercises sould be repeated regularly until tey are easily done. You can find more practice seets at te folloing ebsite: PrimoTeory.com Resources Level 3 Page 22

23 Section Rests A rest is a symbol used to indicate silence for a certain lengt of time. Te Wole Rest line Te ole rest is a solid rectangle ic 3 angs from line of te staff = 1. Dra a ole rest in eac measure A ole rest indicates a full measure of silence. Wen illustrated outside te staff, a line is added to te top of te rectangle. Te ole rest looks like a ()ole in te ground. 566 line Half Rest = Te Half Rest Te alf rest sits on line 3 of te staff. 2. Dra a alf rest in eac measure. In time signatures it as te bottom number, te alf rest gets to beats. Wen illustrated outside te staff, a line is added to te bottom of te rectangle. Te alf rest - tink of to eyes under a at.

24 2 Te Quarter Rest Q In time signatures it as te bottom number, te uarter rest gets one beat. 556 Q To dra a uarter rest, follo tese steps. Start it a ten add a finised = Z sape, little curve. 3. Dra a uarter rest in eac measure. In time signatures it as te bottom number, eac rest receives te folloing beats: Wole Rest Half Rest Quarter Rest Q beats 2 beats 1 beat `55- A ole rest is used to indicate silence for a full measure, regardless of te time 2 signature Write te correct number of beats eac rest or group of rests gets in $time. Q = = beat(s). beat(s). Q = beat(s). = beat(s). = beat(s) = 5. Dra te rest named in eac measure. Half Rest Q Q Wole Rest Q Q = Quarter Rest beat(s).

25 REVIEW: Sections 3 and Circle te correct symbol for eac term. Time Signature Double Bar Line 6-= Measure Bar Line 6-= Write te correct number of beats te notes and rests get in time signatures it as te bottom number. = beat(s). = beat(s). = = beat(s). beat(s). = beat(s). = beat(s). `5-=5656-=6-=66-= 3.. ` = Write te counts of eac measure under te notes and rests... Write te top number of te time signature in eac measure. 5. Dra a line connecting eac group of notes and rests to te correct time signature. Q 2 3 Q Q

26 26 Section 5 Intervals An Interval is te distance in pitc beteen to tones. 2nd Te interval of a 2nd is te same as a STEP. line to space space to line ` = 1. Dra a 2nd up from eac given note. Use ole notes. Name te notes. A B = 2. Dra a 2nd don from eac given note. Use alf notes. Name te notes. E D 3rd Te interval of a 3rd is te same as a SKIP. Te `-- 2nd on te staff: Te `-- 3rd on te staff: line to line space to space 3. ` = Dra a 3rd up from eac note. Use dotted alf notes. Name te notes =. Dra a 3rd don from eac note. Use uarter notes. Name te notes.

27 t Te interval of a t is a skip plus a step. Te `5-- t on te staff: skip + step line to space space to line 27 ` = = 5. Dra a t up from eac note. Use ole notes. Name te notes. 6. Dra a t don from eac note. Use alf notes. Name te notes. 5t Te interval of a 5t is TWO SKIPS. Te `5-- 5t on te staff: skip + skip line to line space to space 7. ` = Dra a 5t up from eac note. Use dotted alf notes. Name te notes = 8. Dra a 5t don from eac note. Use uarter notes. Name te notes. REVIEW 9. Name te interval in eac measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, t or 5t. ` = 3rd

28 Section 6 Half Steps and Wole Steps Half Steps On te keyboard, a alf step is te distance from one key to te very next key. 28 ite to black black to ite ite to ite 1. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a alf step iger. 2. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a alf step loer. Wole Steps A ole step is made up of to alf steps. On te keyboard, count to alf steps from te starting note. black to black ite to ite ite and black keys 3. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a ole step iger.. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a ole step loer.

29 Section 7 Accidentals Sarp, flat and natural signs are called accidentals. An accidental is alays placed on te left side of te note tat is affected. 29 Sarp Sign A sarp sign before a note raises te pitc one alf step. On te keyboard, a sarped note is played on te very next key to te rigt. D# A sarped note can be played on a ite key. D If a D is sarped, it is called D-sarp (ritten as D# ). An E tat is sarped is called E-sarp (ritten as E# ). 1. On eac keyboard rite a on te key tat is named. `5-65- # `5- E E# # C# A# D# G# F# E# B# 2. Use sarps to name te keys marked it dots.

30 30 3. ` = Name te sarped notes. F = Flat Sign A flat sign before a note loers te pitc one alf step. On te keyboard, a flatted note is played on te very next key to te left. D Db `-65- `5- Fb F Notes ic ave been flatted are called D-flat (ritten as Db).. Write a on eac key named. A flatted note can be played on a ite key. Eb Ab Db Bb Gb Fb Cb

31 5. Use flats to name te keys marked it dots = Name te flatted notes. A ` = Natural Sign A natural sign is used to cancel a sarp or flat sign. On te keyboard, a natural sign ill usually indicate a ite key. Db `5- D 7. Write a on eac key named. D A C G B

32 32 ` = 1. Dra a 2nd don from eac given note. Use ole notes. Name te notes. D C = 2. Dra a 3rd up from eac note. Use alf notes. Name te notes = 3. ` = Dra a t don from eac note. Use dotted alf notes. Name te notes. REVIEW: Sections 5, 6 and 7. Dra a 5t up from eac note. Use dotted alf notes. Name te notes. 5. ` = Name te interval in eac measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, t or 5t. 2nd 6. Circle te term ic correctly completes eac statement or fill in te blank: A sarp sign (#) RAISES or LOWERS te pitc a alf step. A flat sign (b) RAISES or LOWERS te pitc a alf step. Te sign ic cancels a sarp or flat is called a sign.

33 7. One eac keyboard rite a on eac key tat is named. 33 D# A# E# Db Gb Cb E F B 8. Use sarps to name te keys marked it dots. 9. Use flats to name te keys marked it dots. 10. ` = Name te sarped notes. A = 11. Name te flatted notes.

34 Section 8 Ear Training Note to te teacer: Assignment 1 can be practiced solo by te student or it a teacer. Te teacer sould first practice tis exercise it te student to make sure tat te student knos o to practice it. Tis exercise may be discontinued only en te student can matc te pitces easily. 3 Solo Exercise: Singing Intervals Exercise 1 ill elp te student recognize te sound of te intervals studied in tis unit. Te folloing drills can be practiced solo or it te teacer. 1. Start on middle C. a) b) c) d) Play C. Sing C using te syllable do. (Do not move to te next step until you can matc te pitc.) Play D (te interval of a 2nd above C). Sing and matc D using re. Sing C to D as you play. Repeat steps a), b) and c) using anoter interval above C. Practice it te folloing intervals: 2nd 3rd t 5t C to D C to E C to F C to G (sing) do - re do - mi do - fa do - sol Solo Exercise: Listening to Steps and Skips Exercise 2 ill elp te student distinguis beteen movement by steps (2nds) and movement by skips (3rds). Te folloing drills can be practiced solo or it te teacer. 2. Start on middle C. a) Play four keys going up by steps C, D, E and F. Go back don by steps to C. (F, E, D, C) Listen to te sound. b) Play four keys going up by skips C, E, G and B. Go back don by skips to C. Listen to te sound. c) Repeat a) and b) using different starting tones.

35 Teacer/Student Improvisation Exercises Te student ill compose and play accompaniment figures as te teacer improvises a melody. 3. Using to to four different keys on te piano, a) Make up a fe simple repeating step or skip patterns. Keep te patterns very simple, so tat tey can be played easily. Use any combination of ands or fingers to play. b) Your teacer ill play a melody as you play one of your patterns. 35 Examples of repeating patterns: skips ` ` or steps or or Use te staves provided for assignment 3.

36 36 Teacer/Student Improvisation Exercises Te student ill no improvise a melody using a fixed set of notes and rytms. Te teacer ill play repeating accompaniment figures.. On te piano, improvise a tune using te folloing metod: a) Use any four keys ic are a step apart. Only stepise movement and repeated notes sould be used. or Use any tree keys ic are a skip apart. Only movement by skips and repeated notes sould be used. b) Use te rytms provided belo. At first, only one rytm, as you focus all your attention on te melodic movement. Wen a certain level of comfort is acieved, sitc beteen rytms, or use your on. #time 3 3 $time

37 Teacer/Student Listening Exercises 5. You ill ear groups of pitces ic step or skip. Circle te correct group in eac box. 37 A B 1. `5- `5- `5- `5- `5- ` `5- `5- `5- `5- `5- `5- `5- ` `5- `5-6. A Your teacer ill play groups of pitces ic move by 2nds and 3rds. In eac measure, tere ill be tree pitces played. Te tird note is missing on te staff. After you ear eac group, dra te missing note in eac measure. Te tird note ill repeat te second note or move by 2nd or 3rd. ` = B ` = Te student/teacer exercises sould be repeated regularly until tey are easily done. You can find more practice seets at te folloing ebsite: PrimoTeory.com Resources Level 3 Page 37

38 Section 9 Major Scales and Keys Te Major Scale Te major scale is a series of eigt successive tones arranged in te folloing ascending order of ole steps (W) and alf steps (H): 38 W W H W W W H Tese intervals are te distance beteen te scale tones. Te tone tat begins te scale is called te tonic or keynote. Te tonic names te scale. Tis is te C Major scale `65-= (1) Tonic W W H W W W H Te alf steps in te major scale occur beteen scale tones 3 - and 7-8. You can easily remember te ole/alf step seuence by using te folloing: We Were Happy Wen We Went Home 1. Write te ole step and alf step pattern for te major scale: 2. Te alf steps in te major scale occur beteen scale tones - and Te tone tat begins and names te scale is called te.. For te folloing major scale: a) Print te ole step and alf step pattern on te lines beteen te letters. Use W (ole step) and H (alf step). C D E F G A B C b) Name te tonic note. c) Name te scale using an uppercase letter. Major

39 5. For te folloing major scale: a) Print te ole step and alf step pattern on te lines beteen te letters. Use W (ole step) and H (alf step). G A B C D E F# G 39 b) Name te tonic note. c) Name te scale using an uppercase letter. Major 6. For te folloing major scale: a) Print te ole step and alf step pattern on te lines beteen te letters. Use W (ole step) and H (alf step). F G A Bb C D E F b) Name te tonic note. c) Name te scale using an uppercase letter. Major 7. For eac major scale: a) Dra a slur connecting te notes ic are a alf step apart. b) Dra te tonic note in te last measure. Use a ole note. C Major `65-5-= `65-5-= G Major `65-5-= F Major

40 0 Key Signatures Wen te C major scale is used as te main scale of a piece, te piece is said to be in te key of C major. Wen te G major scale is te main scale, te key is G major, and so on. Te key signature is formed by placing sarps or flats to te rigt of te clef sign. A key signature identifies te key in ic a piece is ritten. Tis is te G Major key signature. Tis is te F Major key signature. Te C Major key signature as no sarps or flats. ` # ` ` or or or 1 # Circle te key signatures in te folloing musical examples. `66-6 # 3 ` Belo are key signatures ritten in te bass and treble clefs. Dra a line connecting te key names (in te boxes) to te correct key signatures. Eac box sould connect to a key signature on te rigt and left. ` # F Major 1 ` 1 G Major C Major ` 1 #

41 Section 10 Musical Symbols and Terms Dynamic signs tell o loud or soft te music is to be played. TERM MEANING Pianissimo very soft Piano Mezzo piano Mezzo forte Forte Fortissimo soft moderately soft moderately loud loud very loud SIGN pp p P F f ff 1 1. List te dynamic signs in order from te softest to te loudest. (softest) (loudest) 2. Circle te louder dynamic sign. a) b) c) p f f F P p pp P F ff e) f) g) 3. Dra a line from eac dynamic sign in te center column to te appropriate term in te left column and description in te Pianissimo Piano F p rigt column. Mezzo piano Mezzo forte P f Forte Fortissimo pp ff loud moderately soft soft very loud very soft moderately loud p f

42 2 Te Tie A tie is a curved line tat connects to adjacent notes of te same pitc = Te to notes combine to form one continuous pitc. Tis pitc lasts for te combined value of te to tied notes. `6-55-= beats beats `6-55-= beats 3 beats. Write te total number of beats eac pair of tied notes receives beat beats `-56-= 2 `-56-= 2 `-56-= 2 beats beats beats Te Slur A slur is a curved line tat connects to or more notes of different pitces. 5 ` A slur indicates tat te music is to be performed legato, ic means to play smootly it no break beteen te notes itin te slur. Remember: A tie connects only to notes of te same pitc. A slur connects to or more notes of different pitces.

43 Staccato Te term staccato is used to describe notes performed in a disconnected manner. Te sign used for staccato is a dot placed above or belo a note ead. 5 Te staccato dot ill alays be placed in a space. 3 Te dots ill alays appear above or belo te note ead, on te opposite side from te stem. Correct Wrong A staccato dot sould not be confused it te dot of a dotted note. Staccato notes Dotted alf notes Some of te staccato signs on te staff belo are placed incorrectly. Dra an X troug te notes it te incorrectly placed staccato signs. 55 Te staff belo contains dotted notes and staccato notes. Circle 55 te correct term for eac note. Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Eac example belo contains slurred notes or tied notes. Circle te correct term for eac example Slurred Tied Slurred Tied Slurred Tied Slurred Tied Slurred Tied

44 LEVEL 3 REVIEW 1. ` = Dra dotted alf notes on te lines and spaces indicated = line B space A line G space E line F space F Middle C line G space E Middle C space A line F space G line D ` = F 2. On te staves belo, dra ole notes as named. Use lines or spaces of your coice = A D B C E G A G = C E B F D 3. Dra te rest named in every measure. Quarter rest Wole rest Quarter rest. Label te parts of te grand staff. Half rest Wole rest Quarter rest `5 15 Wole rest Half rest

45 5. `5666 Name te notes ` = 6. Name te interval in eac measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, t or 5t. 7. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a alf step iger. 8. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a alf step loer. 9. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a ole step iger. 10. From eac key marked it a dot, dra a on te key a ole step loer.

46 6 11. Write a on eac key named. C# G# B# Eb Bb Fb D G B ` = C 12. Name te sarped notes. Circle te notes tat are played on te ite keys = 13. Name te flatted notes. Circle te notes tat are played on te ite keys. 1. On te lines belo, print te ole and alf step pattern for te major scale. Use W for ole steps and H for alf steps. F G A Bb C D E F G A B C D E F# G 15. On te staff belo, a) Mark te alf steps in te scale it slurs. b) Dra te tonic note in te last measure. Use a ole note. G Major ` =

47 16. Belo are key signatures ritten in te bass and treble clefs. Dra a line connecting te key names (in te boxes) to te correct key signatures. Eac box sould connect to a key signature on te rigt and left. 1 1 G Major # ` # 1 C Major 7 ` F Major ` 15-=6-=55-=566-= Write te top number of te time signature in eac measure.. 15-=656-=65-=6565-= = Write te counts of eac measure belo te notes and rests = = Add bar lines ere tey are needed. Ceck te time signatures. 15-= 3

48 8 20. List te dynamic signs in order from te softest to te loudest. (softest) (loudest) 21. Circle te softer dynamic sign. a) P f b) f p c) d) ff F e) pp f f) p P p F 22. Dra a line from eac dynamic sign in te center column to te appropriate term on te left column and description on te rigt column. Forte Mezzo piano Piano Fortissimo Pianissimo Mezzo forte pp ff F pp f moderately soft very loud loud soft very soft moderately loud Te staff belo contains dotted notes and staccato notes. Circle te correct term for eac note Dotted Staccato Dotted Staccato Dotted Staccato Dotted Staccato Dotted Staccato Dotted Staccato Eac example belo contains slurred notes or tied notes. Circle te correct term for eac example. Dotted Staccato Dotted Staccato Slurred Tied Slurred Tied Slurred Tied Slurred Tied Slurred Tied

49 25. For eac term tere are to possible ansers. Circle te correct anser. Dotted Half Note 2nd Flat Measure Half Note = Treble Clef Sarp 1 Key Signature G Clef Half Rest Natural Sign Middle C `5 15 Wole Note Time Signature 1 # Brace Quarter Note 6-= ` 1 5t Bass Clef Quarter Rest Wole Rest Q `5 Middle C 15 Bar Line = 6-= Double Bar Line rd

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