Fletcher Henderson Sugarfoot Stomp (1925)

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1 20 th Century Music in the U.S.A. The music of Charles Ives defies categories. In one sense, his music is in the tradition of the great European composers of the 19 th century. He wrote orchestral music, symphonies, songs, and piano music. But he was radically experimental with rhythms, harmonies, textures, and forms. He was writing music with polychords and polyrhythms long before Stravinsky used those techniques in his famous Rite of Spring. Charles Ives Fourth of July from the Holidays Symphony (1905) Indigenous American Music/Composers These composers/performers wrote and performed music that was, for the first time, distinctly American. Though the march began in Europe, it became a distinctly American musical form under Sousa s influence. Ragtime, Jazz, Blues, and the various forms of Country music really began in the United States. The March John Philip Sousa Liberty Bell March Ragtime Scott Joplin Maple Leaf Rag (1899) Jazz Louis Armstrong West End Blues (1928) Fletcher Henderson Sugarfoot Stomp (1925) Duke Ellington Jubilee Stomp (1928) Bennie Goodman (Swing) (1937) Sing, Sing, Sing

2 Blues Count Basie (Jazz/Swing) (1941) Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie (BeBop) Dizzy Atmosphere (1946) Robert Johnson Sweet Home Chicago (1936) Jimmie Rodgers Blue Yodel no. 12 (1933) Country Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs (Bluegrass) Foggy Mountain Breakdown (1949) 8lA Bob Wills (Western Swing) Keep Knockin s Roly Poly P820HP0 Rock Funk Big Joe Turner Bill Haley Little Richard Elvis Presley The Rolling Stones The Beatles The Meters Cissy Strut (1969)

3 The JB s More Peas (1973) Herbie Hancock Chameleon (1973) Hip Hop DJ Kool Herc Grandmaster Flash, etc is Kendrick Lamar Rigamortis Crossover Composers The following are some composers wrote music that tried to bridge gaps or divides in our society s music. Gershwin and Bernstein were greatly influenced by jazz, and tried to fuse elements of jazz with Western Classical music. Frank Zappa s music is an interesting combination and mixture of many styles: rock, jazz, orchestral/classical, electronic. George Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue (1925) Summertime from Porgy and Bess Leonard Bernstein Overture to Candide yb8txj8 Symphony #2 Age of Anxiety Frank Zappa Peaches en Regalia Montana Dog Breath Variations European or Traditional Composers

4 Though their individual styles differed greatly, these composers were writing music following the European traditions: orchestral music, more traditional harmonies, more traditional rhythmic structures, and traditional forms. William Grant Still Darker America for orchestra (1925) Aaron Copland Hoedown from Rodeo (1942) Fanfare for the Common Man (1942) Samuel Barber Adagio for Strings Walter Piston Finale from Symphony #6 (1955) o7s John Williams The Cowboys Jaws Star Wars Harry Potter Academic or Intellectual Composers Elliot Carter Minotaur Suite (1947) s01s4 Fragment for string quartet AbwuM Conlon Nancarrow 3 rd Study for Player Piano John Cage Sonata II for Prepared Piano

5 Milton Babbitt Composition for Four Instruments (1948) Harry Partch Daphne of the Dunes (1958) Minimialism Minimalism in music features repetition, ostinato, and use of small melodic and rhythmic units. The term minimalist often refers to music that is stripped down to its essentials or spare. The following composers and their music fit into this general category. Philip Glass Glassworks Terry Riley In C Steve Reich Mallet Quartet John Adams Common Tones in Simple Time UkI0 Nixon In China