Effect of room acoustic conditions on masking efficiency
|
|
- Sharon Hoover
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Effect of room acoustic conditions on masking efficiency Hyojin Lee a, Graduate school, The University of Tokyo Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, , JAPAN Kanako Ueno b, Meiji University, JAPAN Higasimita 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-si, Kanagawa, , JAPAN Shinichi Sakamoto, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, , JAPAN Mai Fujiwara c, Yasushi Shimizu, Masato Hata Center for Advanced Sound Technologies, YAMAHA Corporation 3 Matsunokijima Iwata-si, Shizuoka, , JAPAN ABSTRACT On the evaluation of a sound masking system in an actual room environment, not only the signal property of masking sounds (maskers) but the room acoustic condition gives a significant influence on masking efficiency. In this study, the effect of the room acoustic conditions on the masking efficiency is experimentally investigated by simulating three dimensional impulse responses of transmission property from sound sources (talker and masker) to a listener. The experiment is designed to examine the influence of the following three components of the room acoustical characteristics; frequency characteristics, transient characteristics and spatial characteristics. The degree of the masking efficiency by a noise masker and a mix masker (noise and speech-like sound) is measured by a word intelligibility test for a talker s voice transmitted through walls. The tests are conducted in an anechoic room with a three dimensional sound simulation system to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the actual rooms. From the experimental results, the effect of each room acoustical characteristics on the masking efficiency is measured. In addition, the result indicates that the masking efficiency of the mix masker is superior to the noise masker, which is supposed to be caused by the effect of information masking. a address: leehj@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp b address: uenok@isc.meiji.ac.jp c address: mai_fujiwara@gmx.yamaha.com
2 1. INTRODUCTION A sound masking system is a device that is used to prevent a third party from hearing oral information that is desired to be kept private. This system is very useful in the spaces where sound insulation is insufficient. Recently, speech privacy [1] has become a topic of high interest in facilities that is required to secure personal information. There have been many studies on the evaluation methods of the sound masking system. Indices calculated from signal-to-noise ratio at each frequency band are the most prominent example of the evaluation technique. Privacy index [2], Speech intelligibility index [3] and SNRuni32 [4] for example, are the main speech privacy indices considering frequency characteristics. In our past studies [5-6], for the evaluation of the masking efficiency in actual use, we had reproduced such transmission properties caused by room acoustic conditions as the deterioration and the direction of the test sounds in actual acoustic environment using a 3-dimentional sound simulation system [7-8]. From the result, we had observed that the transmission properties had a significant effect on the masking efficiency. However, it was not clear which components of the transmission properties had changed the masking efficiency. In this study, the transmission properties in the frequency domain (change of the frequency characteristic of sound caused by the insulation performance of walls), in the transient domain (change of the transient characteristics caused by reverberation of the space) and in the spatial property (locations of the target, masker and background noise) were focused on and examined each characteristics contribution on masking efficiency. 2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD A. Sound Field Model Sound field model with the sound masking system was composed of the target (masked speech), the masker (masking sound) and the background noise. Figure 1 shows 4 test cases set in the experiment. Frequency characteristics SPL [db] SPL [db] SPL [db] SPL [db] Freq. [Hz] Freq. [Hz] Freq. [Hz] Freq. [Hz] Transient characteristics Time [sec] Time [sec] Time [sec] Time [sec] Spatial characteristics Listener Listener Listener Listener a. Case-none b. Case-F c. Case-F+T d. Case-F+T+S Figure 1: Sound field model of components on experimental conditions
3 Case-none (see Figure 1a): This case was set to examine the situation in which the acoustical characteristics was not considered. The target and masker were provided by dry sources. The background noise which was measured in the real room was used. All of the test sounds were reproduced with a monaural loudspeaker. Case-F (see Figure 1b): This case was set to examine the influence of the frequency characteristics of the target and masker being changed by the room acoustic conditions. In addition, the background noise which was measured in the real room was provided. The frequency characteristics of the target, masker and background noise used in the experiment were adjusted to the ones measured in the real room (see section 2-C). All of the test sounds were reproduced with the monaural loudspeaker. Case-F+T (see Figure 1c): This case examined the influence of the transient characteristics (such as reverberation) of the room. The target and masker were convolved with a monaural impulse response. In addition, the background noise which was measured in the real room was provided. The frequency characteristics of the three test sounds were set to be the same as those in Case-F. All of the test sounds were reproduced with the monaural loudspeaker. Case-F+T+S (see Figure 2d): This case examined the influence of the spatial characteristics of the test sounds. The locations of the target, masker and background noise in the real acoustic condition were simulated in the experimental space. The transient and frequency characteristics of all the test sounds were adjusted to the same as Case-F+T. All of the test sounds were reproduced by a 3-dimensional sound field simulation system (see section 2-B). B. Sound Reproduction System Background Sound CD Player (2ch) Hard Disk Recorder (6 ch Recorded sound) Level Controller Digital Mixer Yamaha DME64 Real-time Convolver (IRM, 6 ch.) Level Controller Mixer Real-time Convolver (IRT, 6 ch.) Level Controller Equalizer for loudspeakers DA Converter (6 ch) 2, mm Power Amp. to 6 ch. Loudspeakers set in anechoic room seating direction 2 seating direction 1 In anechoic room Figure 2: 3-dimensional sound field simulation system in anechoic room In order to create the condition of case-f+t+s, the 3-dimensional sound field simulation system was employed to simulate actual sound environments in an anechoic room with 3-D information. As reproducing signals in this system, sounds recorded in an actual field through a microphone system comprising six unidirectional microphones (Sanken, CU-6ch) developed for this reproduction system were used. The 6-ch. signals recorded in the actual field were reproduced
4 through six loudspeakers (TANNOY, T12) arranged on a spherical surface with a radius of 2 m in the anechoic room. Using this system, a subject at the center position of the system obtained a natural 3-D auditory sensation. Figure 2 shows the diagram of the sound reproduction system for the target, masker and background noise. In Case-none, Case-F and Case-F-T, test sounds were reproduced through one of the six loudspeakers set in front of the subject who was seated toward to the direction 1. In Case-F+T+S, the 3-dimensional sound field simulation system was used and the subject seated toward to the direction 2. To provide the transmission properties of the target and masker in case F+T and case F+T+S, the impulse responses, IR T (for the target) and IR M (for the masker), in the acoustical room condition were convolved using a real-time convolution system. In Case-F+T+S, 6-ch. impulse responses were used. The background noise was reproduced by a hard disk recorder. The levels of presented sounds were adjusted by the A-weighted SPL at the center position of the simulated sound field for all experimental conditions. In the listening tests, the subject was seated at the center position of the experimental sound field and listened to the test sounds. C. Simulated room conditions Two kinds of test fields with different room acoustic conditions were set (see Figure 3). Room 1 was a condition that two rooms were connected with partition walls and Room 2 was a condition that a single room was surrounded by high partitions in a large space. Both rooms acoustic conditions were insufficient to secure speech privacy. In order to reproduce the sound field for the subjective experiments, the acoustic measurements of the impulse responses and the background noise were conducted. Figure 3 shows the dimension of the spaces and the settings of the sound sources and the receivers (listeners). Four loudspeakers were set at the corners to reproduce the masker. sliding door high partition (h=2.2m) 3.9 m 3.4 m Receiver (listener) Receiver (listener) 2.15 m 2.15 m 2.6 m (a) Room 1 (b) Room 2 Figure 3: Dimension of spaces and measurement positions in the each room Figure 4 shows the frequency characteristics of the target in the two rooms under four experimental conditions. Figure 5.a and Figure 5.b were the frequency characteristics of masking sound that consists of the MIX (see section 2-D) masker (at 45 db) and background noise (at db) under four experimental conditions in the two room conditions. Figure 5.c and Figure 5.d were the ones for the NOISE (see section 2-D) masker (at 45 db) and background noise (at db).
5 SPL [db] k 2k 4k 8k k 2k 4k 8k (a) target at Room 1 (b) target at Room 2 Case-none Case-F Case-F+T Case-F+T+S Figure 4: Frequency characteristic of the target of four cases in the each room SPL [db] SPL [db] k 2k 4k 8k (a) MIX (45 db) + BGN ( db) at Room k 2k 4k 8k (c) NOISE (45 db) + BGN ( db) at Room k 2k 4k 8k (b) MIX (45 db) + BGN ( db) at Room k 2k 4k 8k (d) NOISE (45 db) + BGN ( db) at Room 2 Case-none Case-F Case-F+T Case-F+T+S Figure 5: Frequency characteristic of the maskers (at 45 db) and BGN (at db) of four cases in the each room D. Test Conditions Table 1 shows the level settings of the test sounds. The target and background noise were db in A-weighted SPL. With the regard to the target, five mora words with the same wordfamiliarity were chosen from the NTT Database Series: Lexical Properties of Japanese [9]. The words were recorded by a single female. As the masker, two maskers were used in the test, one was a steady-state noise masker: NOISE, the other one was a mixed sound of speech-like sound and steady-state noise: MIX. SPL of masker was changed in 5 db steps. MIX was changed from 35 to 5 and NOISE was changed from to 55. As the background noise, the recorded air conditioning noise was used The experimental conditions were the combination of three cases (Case-F, Case-F+T, Case- F+T+S) with two masker types, four masker levels and two room types. The total number of conditions was 56. In addition, the conditions (Case-none) for using original dry sources of target and masker with two masker types and four masker levels, 8 conditions in total, were examined.
6 Table 1: Level settings of the test sounds Test sounds Level* [db] MIX 35,, 45, 5 NOISE, 45, 5, 55 Background noise * A-weighted sound pressure level E. Procedures The masking efficiency was measured by means of the word intelligibility test. As the target, eight words were presented one by one with a four-second blank, and subjects wrote down the presented words in the blank. The subjects were encouraged to guess the words. Nine subjects in their -3 s with normal hearing ability participated in the experiment. 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT The mean of the percentages of correct responses of the word intelligibility test for each subject was calculated for each condition and the analysis of variance was conducted with experimental case (Case-none was not included), room type, masker type and masker level as factors. From the ANOVA, it was found that the main effects of the case type, room type, masker type and masker level were highly significant and some interactions were detected (see Table 2). The coefficient of determination in the ANOVA model was 93 %. Furthermore, in order to investigate the difference between conditions of the case type, a multi-pair comparison test (Tukey s HSD test) was conducted. From the results, all of the six pairs composed by the combination of three cases were significant (p<.5). Table 2: Result of the analysis of variance Source of Variation The degree of Sum of freedom squares F-value p(prob>f) Case type <.1 Room type <.1 type <.1 level <.1 Case type * Room type Case type * level Case type * type Room type * type Room type * level Room type * level * Case type For each masker type and level, the word intelligibility test score (vertical-axis) was plotted against the case type (horizontal-axis) in Figure 6. Error bars show 95 percent confidence intervals. High score of the word intelligibility test meant that the masking efficiency was poor. The results of the experiment were listed as follows. The intelligibility score of each case type was varied. Regardless of the cases, when the masker level was increased, the masking efficiency became better.
7 1 8 level= 35 SNRuni32 * =-2. SII * =.38 level= SNRuni32=-3.37 SII=.35 level= 45 SNRuni32=-5.63 SII=.28 level= 5 SNRuni32=-9.1 SII=.18 Word intelligibility test score [%] level= SNRuni32=-3.21 SII=.37 (a) MIX level= 45 SNRuni32=-5.19 SII=.31 level= 5 SNRuni32=-7.91 SII=.23 level= 55 SNRuni32= SII=.15 [none] [F] [F+T] [F+T+S] [none] [F] [F+T] [F+T+S] [none] [F] [F+T] [F+T+S] [none] [F] [F+T] [F+T+S] Case type (b) NOISE MIX NOISE *SNRuni32 and SII were calculated for Case-F Figure 6: Word intelligibility score of the four test conditions for Room 1 Even in the cases with the same frequency characteristics of the test sounds, the masking efficiency considerably varied by the influences of the transient characteristics and the spatial characteristics. This result indicated that considering only the frequency characteristics was insufficient for assessing the masking efficiency in realistic room sound conditions. Comparison between Case-F+T and Case-F+T+S revealed that the spatial characteristics made the masking efficiency low. This result indicated that the segregation of the test sound s location led to the decrease of the masking efficiency. This phenomenon was generally called spatial unmasking [1]. Comparing the results between the MIX and NOISE maskers, the level of the MIX masker tended to be 5 db lower than that of the NOISE masker at the same word intelligibility score. This result indicated that the MIX masker was more efficient than the NOISE masker. The fluctuation contained in the MIX masker seemed to have positive effect on the masking efficiency. Case-none was not included in the analysis of variance that was conducted to confirm the effect of factors on the masking efficiency. However, the Figure 6 showed that the effect of the frequency characteristics was confirmed by comparing the results between Case-F and Case-F+T
8 Figure 7(a) and 7(b) show the comparison between Case-F and Case-F+T for Room 1 and Room 2, respectively. The intelligibility scores of the MIX masker were plotted versus the masker level of two rooms. The decrease of the intelligibility score by adding the transient characteristics is more significant at the Room 1. In order to examine the difference between two rooms from the acoustic viewpoint, reverberation time and room acoustical indices obtained from the impulse responses at 5-1k Hz were calculated (see Table 3). These results indicated that clarity of the target sound significantly affected on the masking efficiency. Word intelligibility test score [%] level [db] level [db] (a) Room 1 (b) Room 2 Case-F Case-F+T Figure 7: Word intelligibility test score of the MIX masker in Case-F and Case-F+T in the each room Room 1 Room 2 Room type T 6 [s] D 5 [%] C 5 [db] T s [ms] 1 3 Time [ms] Figure 8: Waveforms of the impulse responses of Case-F+T in the each room Table 3: Acoustic indices of Case -F+T Room Room CONCLUSION This study investigated the effect of the room acoustical characteristics, the frequency characteristics, transient characteristics and spatial characteristics, on the masking efficiency using the word intelligibility test. From the experimental results, it was clarified that each characteristics had a significant influence on the masking efficiency. The influence of each characteristics was summarized as follows. The transient characteristics caused by the room acoustic condition made the sound masking efficiency high. The amount of the increase of the sound masking efficiency was dependent on the room acoustic condition. The spatial segregation of the test sounds by the spatial characteristics induced the decrease of the masking efficiency. The masking efficiency was also affected by the masker level and the masker type. The frequency characteristics of the test sounds had an effect on the masking efficiency. However, even if the test sound had the same frequency characteristic, the masking efficiency 14.
9 was changed by other acoustical characteristics such as the transient characteristics and the spatial characteristics. The results obtained in this study indicated that the three kinds of room acoustical characteristics should be considered for the evaluation of the masking efficiency. In order to generalize each effect, further investigation is required. REFERENCES 1 W. J. Cavanaugh, W. R. Farrel, p. W. Hirtle, and B. G. Watters, Speech Privacy in Buildings, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 23, (1962). 2 American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International, E113-2e1, Standard test method for objective measurement of speech privacy in open offices using articulation index, ASTM international, west Conshohocken, Pa. (2) 3 American National Standard Acoustical Terminology, American National Standards Institute ANSI S3.5 (Acoustical Society of America, New York, 1997). 4 Bradley, J. S. and Gover, B. N., A new procedure for assessing the speech security of meeting rooms, proceedings institute of Acoustics, U. K., v., 1-6 (8) 5 A. Ito, A. Miki, Y. Shimizu, K. Ueno, HJ. Lee, and S. Sakamoto, Oral information masking considering room environmental condition, Part 1: Synthesis of s and examination on their masking efficiency,, proceedings of INTER-NOISE 7 (7). 6 K. Ueno, HJ. Lee, S. Sakamoto, A. Ito, A. Miki, and Y. Shimizu, Oral information masking considering room environmental condition, Part 2: Subjective assessment for Masking efficiency and Annoyance,, proceedings of INTER-NOISE 7 (7). 7 S. Yokoyama, K. Ueno, S. Sakamoto, and H. Tachibana, 6-channel recording/reproduction system for 3- dimensional auralization of sound fields, Acoustical Science and Technology, 23(2), (2). 8 S. Yokoyama, H. Yano, and H. Tachibana, 6-channel recoding/reproduction system for 3-dimensional auralization and it s applications to psycho-acoustical experiments, proceedings of INTER-NOISE 7 (6). 9 S. Amanao and T. kondo, Nihongo no goitokusei [Lexical properties of Japanaese] (Vols.1-6), NTT database series, Tokyo, (1999). 1 Richard L. Freyman and Karen S. Hlfer. The role of perceived spatial separation in the unmasking of speech, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 16(6), (1999)
A consideration on acoustic properties on concert-hall stages
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Room Acoustics, ISRA 2010 29-31 August 2010, Melbourne, Australia A consideration on acoustic properties on concert-hall stages Kanako Ueno (1), Hideki Tachibana
More informationCognitive modeling of musician s perception in concert halls
Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 26, 2 (2005) PAPER Cognitive modeling of musician s perception in concert halls Kanako Ueno and Hideki Tachibana y 1 Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba 4
More informationMusicians Adjustment of Performance to Room Acoustics, Part III: Understanding the Variations in Musical Expressions
Musicians Adjustment of Performance to Room Acoustics, Part III: Understanding the Variations in Musical Expressions K. Kato a, K. Ueno b and K. Kawai c a Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka
More informationHybrid active noise barrier with sound masking
Hybrid active noise barrier with sound masking Xun WANG ; Yosuke KOBA ; Satoshi ISHIKAWA ; Shinya KIJIMOTO, Kyushu University, Japan ABSTRACT In this paper, a hybrid active noise barrier (ANB) with sound
More informationRoom acoustics computer modelling: Study of the effect of source directivity on auralizations
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 25, 2018 Room acoustics computer modelling: Study of the effect of source directivity on auralizations Vigeant, Michelle C.; Wang, Lily M.; Rindel, Jens Holger Published
More informationPrecedence-based speech segregation in a virtual auditory environment
Precedence-based speech segregation in a virtual auditory environment Douglas S. Brungart a and Brian D. Simpson Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 Richard L. Freyman University
More informationCalibration of auralisation presentations through loudspeakers
Calibration of auralisation presentations through loudspeakers Jens Holger Rindel, Claus Lynge Christensen Odeon A/S, Scion-DTU, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. jhr@odeon.dk Abstract The correct level of
More informationExperiment on adjustment of piano performance to room acoustics: Analysis of performance coded into MIDI data.
Toronto, Canada International Symposium on Room Acoustics 203 June 9- ISRA 203 Experiment on adjustment of piano performance to room acoustics: Analysis of performance coded into MIDI data. Keiji Kawai
More informationLargeness and shape of sound images captured by sketch-drawing experiments: Effects of bandwidth and center frequency of broadband noise
PAPER #2017 The Acoustical Society of Japan Largeness and shape of sound images captured by sketch-drawing experiments: Effects of bandwidth and center frequency of broadband noise Makoto Otani 1;, Kouhei
More informationThe interaction between room and musical instruments studied by multi-channel auralization
The interaction between room and musical instruments studied by multi-channel auralization Jens Holger Rindel 1, Felipe Otondo 2 1) Oersted-DTU, Building 352, Technical University of Denmark, DK-28 Kgs.
More informationNoise evaluation based on loudness-perception characteristics of older adults
Noise evaluation based on loudness-perception characteristics of older adults Kenji KURAKATA 1 ; Tazu MIZUNAMI 2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan ABSTRACT
More informationSREV1 Sampling Guide. An Introduction to Impulse-response Sampling with the SREV1 Sampling Reverberator
An Introduction to Impulse-response Sampling with the SREV Sampling Reverberator Contents Introduction.............................. 2 What is Sound Field Sampling?.....................................
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 6.1 INFLUENCE OF THE
More informationExperiments on tone adjustments
Experiments on tone adjustments Jesko L. VERHEY 1 ; Jan HOTS 2 1 University of Magdeburg, Germany ABSTRACT Many technical sounds contain tonal components originating from rotating parts, such as electric
More informationWhat do we hope to measure?
Impact of excitation and acoustic conditions on the accuracy of directivity measurements, Sebastià V. Amengual Garí Detmold University of Music Erich Thienhaus Institute What do we hope to measure? A:
More informationMeasurement of overtone frequencies of a toy piano and perception of its pitch
Measurement of overtone frequencies of a toy piano and perception of its pitch PACS: 43.75.Mn ABSTRACT Akira Nishimura Department of Media and Cultural Studies, Tokyo University of Information Sciences,
More informationEFFECTS OF REVERBERATION TIME AND SOUND SOURCE CHARACTERISTIC TO AUDITORY LOCALIZATION IN AN INDOOR SOUND FIELD. Chiung Yao Chen
ICSV14 Cairns Australia 9-12 July, 2007 EFFECTS OF REVERBERATION TIME AND SOUND SOURCE CHARACTERISTIC TO AUDITORY LOCALIZATION IN AN INDOOR SOUND FIELD Chiung Yao Chen School of Architecture and Urban
More informationA Future without Feedback?
A Future without Feedback? Hiro Ikeda masahiro.ikeda@music.yamaha.com Yamaha AFC System Microphones Speakers Various Acoustics for Various Performances Arkas SASEBO We need to struggle with Feedback Microphone
More informationComparison between Opera houses: Italian and Japanese cases
Comparison between Opera houses: Italian and Japanese cases Angelo Farina, Lamberto Tronchin and Valerio Tarabusi Industrial Engineering Dept. University of Parma, via delle Scienze 181/A, 431 Parma, Italy
More informationDetermination of Sound Quality of Refrigerant Compressors
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 1994 Determination of Sound Quality of Refrigerant Compressors S. Y. Wang Copeland Corporation
More informationMASTER'S THESIS. Listener Envelopment
MASTER'S THESIS 2008:095 Listener Envelopment Effects of changing the sidewall material in a model of an existing concert hall Dan Nyberg Luleå University of Technology Master thesis Audio Technology Department
More informationLoudness of transmitted speech signals for SWB and FB applications
Loudness of transmitted speech signals for SWB and FB applications Challenges, auditory evaluation and proposals for handset and hands-free scenarios Jan Reimes HEAD acoustics GmbH Sophia Antipolis, 2017-05-10
More informationRoomMatch RM and RM TECHNICAL DATA SHEET. asymmetrical array modules. Key Features. Product Overview. Technical Specifications
RoomMatch RM281 and RM281 Key Features All the benefits of the original 2 RoomMatch array module loudspeakers - Concert-quality sound quality for live music and outstanding spoken-word clarity with industry-leading
More informationTHE EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE STAGES ON SUBWOOFER POLAR AND FREQUENCY RESPONSES
THE EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE STAGES ON SUBWOOFER POLAR AND FREQUENCY RESPONSES AJ Hill Department of Electronics, Computing & Mathematics, University of Derby, UK J Paul Department of Electronics, Computing
More informationRECORDING AND REPRODUCING CONCERT HALL ACOUSTICS FOR SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION
RECORDING AND REPRODUCING CONCERT HALL ACOUSTICS FOR SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION Reference PACS: 43.55.Mc, 43.55.Gx, 43.38.Md Lokki, Tapio Aalto University School of Science, Dept. of Media Technology P.O.Box
More informationPiotr KLECZKOWSKI, Magdalena PLEWA, Grzegorz PYDA
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS 33, 4 (Supplement), 147 152 (2008) LOCALIZATION OF A SOUND SOURCE IN DOUBLE MS RECORDINGS Piotr KLECZKOWSKI, Magdalena PLEWA, Grzegorz PYDA AGH University od Science and Technology
More informationHidden melody in music playing motion: Music recording using optical motion tracking system
PROCEEDINGS of the 22 nd International Congress on Acoustics General Musical Acoustics: Paper ICA2016-692 Hidden melody in music playing motion: Music recording using optical motion tracking system Min-Ho
More informationFC Cincinnati Stadium Environmental Noise Model
Preliminary Report of Noise Impacts at Cincinnati Music Hall Resulting From The FC Cincinnati Stadium Environmental Noise Model Prepared for: CINCINNATI ARTS ASSOCIATION Cincinnati, Ohio CINCINNATI SYMPHONY
More informationPerception of bass with some musical instruments in concert halls
ISMA 214, Le Mans, France Perception of bass with some musical instruments in concert halls H. Tahvanainen, J. Pätynen and T. Lokki Department of Media Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 155, 76 Aalto,
More informationMusical Acoustics Lecture 15 Pitch & Frequency (Psycho-Acoustics)
1 Musical Acoustics Lecture 15 Pitch & Frequency (Psycho-Acoustics) Pitch Pitch is a subjective characteristic of sound Some listeners even assign pitch differently depending upon whether the sound was
More informationELECTRO-ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS FOR THE NEW OPERA HOUSE IN OSLO. Alf Berntson. Artifon AB Östra Hamngatan 52, Göteborg, Sweden
ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS FOR THE NEW OPERA HOUSE IN OSLO Alf Berntson Artifon AB Östra Hamngatan 52, 411 08 Göteborg, Sweden alf@artifon.se ABSTRACT In this paper the requirements and design of the sound
More informationAUD 6306 Speech Science
AUD 3 Speech Science Dr. Peter Assmann Spring semester 2 Role of Pitch Information Pitch contour is the primary cue for tone recognition Tonal languages rely on pitch level and differences to convey lexical
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Architectural Acoustics Session 3aAAb: Architectural Acoustics Potpourri
More informationRelease from speech-on-speech masking in a front-and-back geometry
Release from speech-on-speech masking in a front-and-back geometry Neil L. Aaronson Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing,
More informationHigh Precision and High Speed TV Picture Quality Enhancement Method based on Compactly Supported Sampling Function
High Precision and High Speed TV Picture Quality Enhancement Method based on Compactly Supported Sampling Function Heeburm RYU, Koji NAKAMURA and Kazuo TORAICHI TARA Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1
More informationBuilding Technology and Architectural Design. Program 9nd lecture Case studies Room Acoustics Case studies Room Acoustics
Building Technology and Architectural Design Program 9nd lecture 8.30-9.15 Case studies Room Acoustics 9.15 9.30 Break 9.30 10.15 Case studies Room Acoustics Lecturer Poul Henning Kirkegaard 29-11-2005
More informationTHE DIGITAL DELAY ADVANTAGE A guide to using Digital Delays. Synchronize loudspeakers Eliminate comb filter distortion Align acoustic image.
THE DIGITAL DELAY ADVANTAGE A guide to using Digital Delays Synchronize loudspeakers Eliminate comb filter distortion Align acoustic image Contents THE DIGITAL DELAY ADVANTAGE...1 - Why Digital Delays?...
More informationStepArray+ Self-powered digitally steerable column loudspeakers
StepArray+ Self-powered digitally steerable column loudspeakers Acoustics and Audio When I started designing the StepArray range in 2006, I wanted to create a product that would bring a real added value
More informationIP Telephony and Some Factors that Influence Speech Quality
IP Telephony and Some Factors that Influence Speech Quality Hans W. Gierlich Vice President HEAD acoustics GmbH Introduction This paper examines speech quality and Internet protocol (IP) telephony. Voice
More informationDESIGNING OPTIMIZED MICROPHONE BEAMFORMERS
3235 Kifer Rd. Suite 100 Santa Clara, CA 95051 www.dspconcepts.com DESIGNING OPTIMIZED MICROPHONE BEAMFORMERS Our previous paper, Fundamentals of Voice UI, explained the algorithms and processes required
More informationMasking effects in vertical whole body vibrations
Masking effects in vertical whole body vibrations Carmen Rosa Hernandez, Etienne Parizet To cite this version: Carmen Rosa Hernandez, Etienne Parizet. Masking effects in vertical whole body vibrations.
More informationListener Envelopment LEV, Strength G and Reverberation Time RT in Concert Halls
Proceedings of 20 th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2010 23-27 August 2010, Sydney, Australia Listener Envelopment LEV, Strength G and Reverberation Time RT in Concert Halls PACS: 43.55.Br, 43.55.Fw
More informationMultichannel source directivity recording in an anechoic chamber and in a studio
Multichannel source directivity recording in an anechoic chamber and in a studio Roland Jacques, Bernhard Albrecht, Hans-Peter Schade Dept. of Audiovisual Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
More informationLISTENERS RESPONSE TO STRING QUARTET PERFORMANCES RECORDED IN VIRTUAL ACOUSTICS
LISTENERS RESPONSE TO STRING QUARTET PERFORMANCES RECORDED IN VIRTUAL ACOUSTICS SONG HUI CHON 1, DOYUEN KO 2, SUNGYOUNG KIM 3 1 School of Music, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA chon.21@osu.edu
More informationWhat is the minimum sound pressure level iphone or ipad can measure? What is the maximum sound pressure level iphone or ipad can measure?
Technical Note 1701 i437l- Frequent Asked Questions Question 1 : What are the advantages of MicW i437l? Answer 1 : The i437l is a digital microphone connected to iphone Lightning connector. It has flat
More informationXXXXXX - A new approach to Loudspeakers & room digital correction
XXXXXX - A new approach to Loudspeakers & room digital correction Background The idea behind XXXXXX came from unsatisfying results from traditional loudspeaker/room equalization methods to get decent sound
More informationQuarterly Progress and Status Report. An attempt to predict the masking effect of vowel spectra
Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report An attempt to predict the masking effect of vowel spectra Gauffin, J. and Sundberg, J. journal: STL-QPSR volume: 15 number: 4 year:
More informationThe importance of recording and playback technique for assessment of annoyance
The importance of recording and playback technique for assessment of annoyance Emine Çelik Department of Acoustics, DK 922 Aalborg Ø, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 B5, Denmark, emc@acoustics.aau.dk Kerstin Persson
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Psychological and Physiological Acoustics Session 4aPPb: Binaural Hearing
More informationLab 5 Linear Predictive Coding
Lab 5 Linear Predictive Coding 1 of 1 Idea When plain speech audio is recorded and needs to be transmitted over a channel with limited bandwidth it is often necessary to either compress or encode the audio
More informationWhite Paper JBL s LSR Principle, RMC (Room Mode Correction) and the Monitoring Environment by John Eargle. Introduction and Background:
White Paper JBL s LSR Principle, RMC (Room Mode Correction) and the Monitoring Environment by John Eargle Introduction and Background: Although a loudspeaker may measure flat on-axis under anechoic conditions,
More informationInformational masking of speech produced by speech-like sounds without linguistic content
Informational masking of speech produced by speech-like sounds without linguistic content Jing Chen, Huahui Li, Liang Li, and Xihong Wu a) Department of Machine Intelligence, Speech and Hearing Research
More informationPanaray 802 Series III TECHNICAL DATA SHEET. loudspeaker. Key Features. Product Overview. Technical Specifications
Panaray 82 Series III Key Features Articulated Array design provides 12 x 1 coverage to deliver wide-range reproduction over a broad dispersion area Eight Bose 4.5" (114 mm) full-range drivers for unsurpassed
More informationPreferred acoustical conditions for musicians on stage with orchestra shell in multi-purpose halls
Toronto, Canada International Symposium on Room Acoustics 2013 June 9-11 ISRA 2013 Preferred acoustical conditions for musicians on stage with orchestra shell in multi-purpose halls Hansol Lim (lim90128@gmail.com)
More informationAdam Aleweidat Undergraduate, Engineering Physics Physics 406: The Acoustical Physics of Music University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Spring 2013
Aleweidat 0 Auditorium Acoustics Foellinger Great Hall Krannert Center for the Performing Arts Adam Aleweidat Undergraduate, Engineering Physics Physics 406: The Acoustical Physics of Music University
More informationTemporal summation of loudness as a function of frequency and temporal pattern
The 33 rd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering Temporal summation of loudness as a function of frequency and temporal pattern I. Boullet a, J. Marozeau b and S. Meunier c
More informationAV KEEPS NYC SECURE JAIL IS UNDER CONTROL GREETINGS FROM MARS NYPD S EOC SERVES MULTIPLE PURPOSES.
Vol. 51 No. 3 March 21, 2005 AV KEEPS NYC SECURE NYPD S EOC SERVES MULTIPLE PURPOSES. JAIL IS UNDER CONTROL CACHE COUNTY JAIL S COMMUNICATION, CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE VITAL. GREETINGS FROM MARS AV HELPS NASA
More informationApplied Acoustics 73 (2012) Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Applied Acoustics
Applied Acoustics 73 (2012) 1282 1288 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Applied Acoustics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apacoust Three-dimensional acoustic sound field reproduction
More informationThe Cocktail Party Effect. Binaural Masking. The Precedence Effect. Music 175: Time and Space
The Cocktail Party Effect Music 175: Time and Space Tamara Smyth, trsmyth@ucsd.edu Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) April 20, 2017 Cocktail Party Effect: ability to follow
More informationJOURNAL OF BUILDING ACOUSTICS. Volume 20 Number
Early and Late Support Measured over Various Distances: The Covered versus Open Part of the Orchestra Pit by R.H.C. Wenmaekers and C.C.J.M. Hak Reprinted from JOURNAL OF BUILDING ACOUSTICS Volume 2 Number
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 7.9 THE FUTURE OF SOUND
More informationDoubletalk Detection
ELEN-E4810 Digital Signal Processing Fall 2004 Doubletalk Detection Adam Dolin David Klaver Abstract: When processing a particular voice signal it is often assumed that the signal contains only one speaker,
More informationUsing the new psychoacoustic tonality analyses Tonality (Hearing Model) 1
02/18 Using the new psychoacoustic tonality analyses 1 As of ArtemiS SUITE 9.2, a very important new fully psychoacoustic approach to the measurement of tonalities is now available., based on the Hearing
More informationPsychoacoustics. lecturer:
Psychoacoustics lecturer: stephan.werner@tu-ilmenau.de Block Diagram of a Perceptual Audio Encoder loudness critical bands masking: frequency domain time domain binaural cues (overview) Source: Brandenburg,
More informationUNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN TRINITY COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN TRINITY COLLEGE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & SYSTEMS SCIENCES School of Engineering and SCHOOL OF MUSIC Postgraduate Diploma in Music and Media Technologies Hilary Term 31 st January 2005
More informationTable 1 Pairs of sound samples used in this study Group1 Group2 Group1 Group2 Sound 2. Sound 2. Pair
Acoustic annoyance inside aircraft cabins A listening test approach Lena SCHELL-MAJOOR ; Robert MORES Fraunhofer IDMT, Hör-, Sprach- und Audiotechnologie & Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All, Oldenburg
More informationAcoustic concert halls (Statistical calculation, wave acoustic theory with reference to reconstruction of Saint- Petersburg Kapelle and philharmonic)
Acoustic concert halls (Statistical calculation, wave acoustic theory with reference to reconstruction of Saint- Petersburg Kapelle and philharmonic) Borodulin Valentin, Kharlamov Maxim, Flegontov Alexander
More informationTHE ACOUSTICS OF THE MUNICIPAL THEATRE IN MODENA
THE ACOUSTICS OF THE MUNICIPAL THEATRE IN MODENA Pacs:43.55Gx Prodi Nicola; Pompoli Roberto; Parati Linda Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1 44100 Ferrara Italy Tel: +390532293862
More informationCM3106 Solutions. Do not turn this page over until instructed to do so by the Senior Invigilator.
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION PAPER Academic Year: 2013/2014 Examination Period: Examination Paper Number: Examination Paper Title: Duration: Autumn CM3106 Solutions Multimedia 2 hours Do not turn this
More informationAcoustic Parameters Pendopo Mangkunegaran Surakarta for Javanese Gamelan Performance
Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place 1 Acoustic Parameters Pendopo Mangkunegaran Surakarta for Javanese Gamelan Performance SUYATNO Doctoral
More informationPreference of reverberation time for musicians and audience of the Javanese traditional gamelan music
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Preference of reverberation time for musicians and audience of the Javanese traditional gamelan music To cite this article: Suyatno et al 2016 J.
More informationObject selectivity of local field potentials and spikes in the macaque inferior temporal cortex
Object selectivity of local field potentials and spikes in the macaque inferior temporal cortex Gabriel Kreiman 1,2,3,4*#, Chou P. Hung 1,2,4*, Alexander Kraskov 5, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga 6, Tomaso Poggio
More informationCLASSROOM ACOUSTICS OF MCNEESE STATE UNIVER- SITY
CLASSROOM ACOUSTICS OF MCNEESE STATE UNIVER- SITY Aash Chaudhary and Zhuang Li McNeese State University, Department of Chemical, Civil, and Mechanical Engineering, Lake Charles, LA, USA email: zli@mcneese.edu
More informationEvaluation of a New Active Acoustics System in Performances of Five String Quartets
Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper 8603 Presented at the 132nd Convention 2012 April 26 29 Budapest, Hungary This paper was peer-reviewed as a complete manuscript for presentation at this Convention.
More informationDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A 7001Ö
Serial Number 09/678.881 Filing Date 4 October 2000 Inventor Robert C. Higgins NOTICE The above identified patent application is available for licensing. Requests for information should be addressed to:
More informationPritzker Pavilion Design
Pritzker Pavilion Design Lecture for: The Concert Hall Research Group Chicago, Illinois - August 2014 Presented by: with Ed Uhlir and Jonathan Laney Presentation Structure Acoustic Goals Behind the Pritzker
More informationLecture 2 Video Formation and Representation
2013 Spring Term 1 Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation Wen-Hsiao Peng ( 彭文孝 ) Multimedia Architecture and Processing Lab (MAPL) Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University 1
More informationDifficult acoustic environments? Maintaining voice intelligibility
Difficult acoustic environments? Maintaining voice intelligibility Measurement Conventions Speech transmission index, Alcons and all the others Measurement Conventions % Alcons, STI or C50? %ALcons = Articulation
More informationDAT335 Music Perception and Cognition Cogswell Polytechnical College Spring Week 6 Class Notes
DAT335 Music Perception and Cognition Cogswell Polytechnical College Spring 2009 Week 6 Class Notes Pitch Perception Introduction Pitch may be described as that attribute of auditory sensation in terms
More informationThe Research of Controlling Loudness in the Timbre Subjective Perception Experiment of Sheng
The Research of Controlling Loudness in the Timbre Subjective Perception Experiment of Sheng S. Zhu, P. Ji, W. Kuang and J. Yang Institute of Acoustics, CAS, O.21, Bei-Si-huan-Xi Road, 100190 Beijing,
More informationInvestigation into Background Noise Conditions During Music Performance
Toronto, Canada International Symposium on Room Acoustics 2013 June 9-11 ISRA 2013 Investigation into Background Noise Conditions During Music Performance Jonah Sacks (jsacks@acentech.com) Robert William
More informationUnderstanding PQR, DMOS, and PSNR Measurements
Understanding PQR, DMOS, and PSNR Measurements Introduction Compression systems and other video processing devices impact picture quality in various ways. Consumers quality expectations continue to rise
More informationStudy on the Sound Quality Objective Evaluation of High Speed Train's. Door Closing Sound
Study on the Sound Quality Objective Evaluation of High Speed Train's Door Closing Sound Zongcai Liu1, a *, Zhaojin Sun2,band Shaoqing Liu3,c 1 National Engineering Research Center for High-speed EMU,CSR
More informationLoudness and Sharpness Calculation
10/16 Loudness and Sharpness Calculation Psychoacoustics is the science of the relationship between physical quantities of sound and subjective hearing impressions. To examine these relationships, physical
More informationComparison of Low Frequency Sound Insulation Field Measurement Methods
of Low Frequency Sound Insulation Field Measurement Methods Sandy Marshall, Doheon Lee and Densil Cabrera Faculty of Architecture, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia A paper previously presented
More informationWhat is proximity, how do early reflections and reverberation affect it, and can it be studied with LOC and existing binaural data?
PROCEEDINGS of the 22 nd International Congress on Acoustics Challenges and Solutions in Acoustical Measurement and Design: Paper ICA2016-379 What is proximity, how do early reflections and reverberation
More informationONLINE ACTIVITIES FOR MUSIC INFORMATION AND ACOUSTICS EDUCATION AND PSYCHOACOUSTIC DATA COLLECTION
ONLINE ACTIVITIES FOR MUSIC INFORMATION AND ACOUSTICS EDUCATION AND PSYCHOACOUSTIC DATA COLLECTION Travis M. Doll Ray V. Migneco Youngmoo E. Kim Drexel University, Electrical & Computer Engineering {tmd47,rm443,ykim}@drexel.edu
More informationStudies for Future Broadcasting Services and Basic Technologies
Research Results 3 Studies for Future Broadcasting Services and Basic Technologies OUTLINE 3.1 Super-Surround Audio-Visual Systems With the aim of realizing an ultra high-definition display system with
More informationSTANDARDS CONVERSION OF A VIDEOPHONE SIGNAL WITH 313 LINES INTO A TV SIGNAL WITH.625 LINES
R871 Philips Res. Repts 29, 413-428, 1974 STANDARDS CONVERSION OF A VIDEOPHONE SIGNAL WITH 313 LINES INTO A TV SIGNAL WITH.625 LINES by M. C. W. van BUUL and L. J. van de POLDER Abstract A description
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 184 ( 2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 184 ( 2015 ) 322 327 5th Arte Polis International Conference and Workshop Reflections on Creativity: Public
More informationThe acoustics of the Concert Hall and the Chinese Theatre in the Beijing National Grand Theatre of China
The acoustics of the Concert Hall and the Chinese Theatre in the Beijing National Grand Theatre of China I. Schmich a, C. Rougier b, P. Chervin c, Y. Xiang d, X. Zhu e, L. Guo-Qi f a Centre Scientifique
More informationCHAPTER 20.2 SPEECH AND MUSICAL SOUNDS
Source: STANDARD HANDBOOK OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING CHAPTER 20.2 SPEECH AND MUSICAL SOUNDS Daniel W. Martin, Ronald M. Aarts SPEECH SOUNDS Speech Level and Spectrum Both the sound-pressure level and the
More informationApplication note for Peerless XLS 12" subwoofer driver
Application note for Peerless XLS 12" subwoofer driver Introduction: The following is an application note of how to use the Peerless XLS 12" driver especially designed for subwoofers. The application note
More informationTHE PSYCHOACOUSTICS OF MULTICHANNEL AUDIO. J. ROBERT STUART Meridian Audio Ltd Stonehill, Huntingdon, PE18 6ED England
THE PSYCHOACOUSTICS OF MULTICHANNEL AUDIO J. ROBERT STUART Meridian Audio Ltd Stonehill, Huntingdon, PE18 6ED England ABSTRACT This is a tutorial paper giving an introduction to the perception of multichannel
More informationAudio-Based Video Editing with Two-Channel Microphone
Audio-Based Video Editing with Two-Channel Microphone Tetsuya Takiguchi Organization of Advanced Science and Technology Kobe University, Japan takigu@kobe-u.ac.jp Yasuo Ariki Organization of Advanced Science
More informationEqual Intensity Contours for Whole-Body Vibrations Compared With Vibrations Cross-Modally Matched to Isophones
Equal Intensity Contours for Whole-Body Vibrations Compared With Vibrations Cross-Modally Matched to Isophones Sebastian Merchel, M. Ercan Altinsoy and Maik Stamm Chair of Communication Acoustics, Dresden
More informationLaboratory 5: DSP - Digital Signal Processing
Laboratory 5: DSP - Digital Signal Processing OBJECTIVES - Familiarize the students with Digital Signal Processing using software tools on the treatment of audio signals. - To study the time domain and
More informationVirtual Stage Acoustics: a flexible tool for providing useful sounds for musicians
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Room Acoustics, ISRA 2010 29-31 August 2010, Melbourne, Australia Virtual Stage Acoustics: a flexible tool for providing useful sounds for musicians Wieslaw
More informationBrian C. J. Moore Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England
Asymmetry of masking between complex tones and noise: Partial loudness Hedwig Gockel a) CNBH, Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, England Brian C. J. Moore
More informationPerceptual Mixing for Musical Production
Perceptual Mixing for Musical Production Terrell, Michael John The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior
More information