New Technologies for Premium Events Contribution over High-capacity IP Networks. By Gunnar Nessa, Appear TV December 13, 2017

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1 New Technologies for Premium Events Contribution over High-capacity IP Networks By Gunnar Nessa, Appear TV December 13,

2 About Us Appear TV manufactures head-end equipment for any of the following markets: Cable Satellite Terrestrial IPTV, FTTH, xdsl OTT Multiscreen Corporate Solutions cleverly designed for: 2

About Us Head-end Solutions for Broadcast, IPTV

held company founded in 2004, based in Oslo,

International company with employees from 25+

AAA ranking with award winning financial

3 About Us Head-end Solutions for Broadcast, IPTV & OTT Focus on R&D Strong Performance Privately held company founded in 2004, based in Oslo, Norway Equipment Designed & Assembled in Norway International company with employees from 25+ countries Major part of employees work in R&D AAA ranking with award winning financial results Global footprint in 5 continents (100+ countries) 3

4 End-to-end Solutions Provider 4

5 Contribution 5

6 Contribution vs Distribution 6

7 Contribution: Clarification of commonly associated terms 4:2:2 chroma subsampling scheme most often used in contribution Low latency High video bitrates..to achieve high video quality AND low latency Migration to IP Interoperability..ultra-low-latency often requires proprietary encoder-decoder implementations Intra ( light compression ) codec options HEVC, JPEG 2000, TICO.. 7

standard 4:2:0 broadcast decoder) Initially, contribution was performed using the same equipment as for DTH broadcast (so same

8 Contribution: A little history.. In the beginning, all contribution used MPEG-2 4:2:0 encoding via satellite. NDS System 3000 DSNG encoder (A standard MPEG-2 broadcast encoder with Integrated satellite modulator) NDS System 3000 decoder (a standard 4:2:0 broadcast decoder) Initially, contribution was performed using the same equipment as for DTH broadcast (so same equipment for contribution and distribution). However, a significant section of the broadcast community wanted IMPROVED VQ 4:2:2 chroma subsampling Intra compression 8

9 Contribution: 4:2:0 / 4:2:2 Creating market segmentation Equipment now available in either 4:2:0 or 4:2:2 specification. Divides the market into two groups: Premium events contribution and Newsgathering. NEWSGATHERING content value is low AND is usually put straight to air = low cost market 4:2:0 PREMIUM EVENTS market is about quality AND creating valuable masters = high cost market 4:2:2 4:2:2 equipment requires more bandwidth 9

10 New IP workflows (for Premium Events Contribution) 10

11 Event contribution: Migration to IP IP was introduced (usually supported by SMPTE 2022/7 FEC) as a method for distributing video about 12 years ago. IP has steadily replaced satellite as the primary delivery mechanism for Newsgathering and Premium Contribution. This trend continues. Today, most strategic locations are connected via fibre The only problem with fibre is you can accidentally dig it up..so satellite may still be used as a backup Fibre gives broadcasters the option of transmitting video Uncompressed or using an Intra ( light compression) codec 11

12 Uncompressed video over IP: Standardisation SMPTE 2022/6. This is basically SDI encapsulated in IP. It is a well proven standard with widespread adoption and good vendor interoperability. Note that carries all the blanking overhead (around 20%) 12

13 Uncompressed video over IP: Standardisation VSF (Video Services Forum) TR03 and TR04: TR04 Enables audio to be transmitted separately from video as AES67 o Used as the first step from SMPTE to SMPTE 2110 TR03 builds on TR04 and allows ancillary metadata to be split from video and carried separately as well o o Does not carry blanking, so it has less overhead Separate encapsulation allows different flows through the production environment 13

14 Uncompressed video over IP: Standardisation SMPTE 2110 standard Audio/Video/Metadata in separate flows Ideal for studio and production workflows The VSF and SMPTE 2110 standards are not MPEG-TS based and use PTP as a timing reference. They are driven by broadcasters wanting to migrate to IP to dramatically increase productivity by implementing new flexible ways of working. 14

15 Uncompressed video over IP: Standardisation AIMS is an industry consortium dedicated to an open-standards approach that moves broadcast and media companies quickly and profitably from legacy SDI systems to a virtualized, IP-based environment: No overhead! 15

Uncompressed video over IP: Protection from RTP

(MPEG-TS) and 2022-5 (SDI-over-IP) Seamless Packet

16 Uncompressed video over IP: Protection from RTP Packet Loss Forward Error Correction (FEC) Add extra packets to the stream Introduces transmission overhead Standardized in SMPTE (MPEG-TS) and (SDI-over-IP) Seamless Packet Protection Introduces dual network paths Specified in SMPTE

17 Intra Compression Examples of this type of compression include: MPEG 2 / AVC / HEVC in INTRA coding mode JPEG 2000 (J2K) TICO which is an ultra low complexity codec In every case, the DISADVANTAGE of encoding as Intra only is a comparatively low coding gain Example: Good quality JPEG encoding SD >50Mb/s 1080i HD > 150Mb/s etc. The ADVANTAGES include; Low latency Every frame is encoded completely and can be edited Simplicity of the codec Intra codecs are great when you have lots of bandwidth to use! 17

18 Intra Compression: Lightweight Compression Options JPEG 2000 (J2K): Uses wavelet encoding instead of DCT and provides visually lossless modes Provides visually lossless compression up to 20:1 Provides Low Latency (typically a couple of frames) 18

Intra Compression: Lightweight Compression Options TICO: Provides visually lossless compression up to 4:1 Enables the mapping of a single 4K/UHD (2160p60) stream over a single 3G-SDI link o o From

19 Intra Compression: Lightweight Compression Options TICO: Provides visually lossless compression up to 4:1 Enables the mapping of a single 4K/UHD (2160p60) stream over a single 3G-SDI link o o From 12G to 3G Allows existing coax infrastructure to be re-used Over a 10Gbps Ethernet link, it allows typically the simultaneous transmission of up to 3 streams of 4K/UHD Provides Low Latency (typically a few lines of pixels) 19

20 Latency & Bitrates 20

21 Codecs, Latency, Bitrates Latency is usually important for contribution customers whilst encoding gain is usually important for broadcast / IPTV clients High-coding gain codecs such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4/AVC and HEVC are very configurable in terms of complexity, coding gain and latency. J2K and TICO are relatively low-complexity, Intra-codecs-only which do not use temporal prediction. They provide low latency and are great when bandwidth is not an issue (e.g. fibre) Latency and encoding gain are tightly linked Low latency = low coding gain = high bitrate 21

22 Codecs, Latency, Bitrates UHD Use Case Note: Ranges are approximate. Depends on use case and VQ ambition. Different codec/delay combinations target different applications. 22

23 UHD Use Case Appear TV HEVC example The Appear TV encoder supports three modes which define the latency / coding gain performance: NORMAL MODE (for broadcast) End to end encoder-decoder latency (glass-to-glass) will be approximately 2.2 seconds UHD content can be transmitted for applications requiring 12 to 40Mb/s LOW LATENCY MODE (for contribution) Used for applications requiring an end-to-end delay of approximately 250 to 300ms. UHD content can be transmitted for applications requiring 40 to 200Mb/s using IBB or IPP GOPs..or >200Mb/s as Intra only. ULTRA LOW LATENCY MODE (for contribution; typically microwave/camera links) Used for applications requiring the lowest latency possible. This mode achieves approximately 95ms end-to-end. 23

24 Trends in Contribution 24

Broadcast Contribution is changing to IP IP networks are replacing old coax infrastructure Increasing demand for contribution over IP using: Uncompressed video JPEG2K TICO HEVC / AVC IP used

25 Broadcast Contribution is changing to IP IP networks are replacing old coax infrastructure Increasing demand for contribution over IP using: Uncompressed video JPEG2K TICO HEVC / AVC IP used for internal and external transport Enables remote production Movement towards uncompressed video, providing: Ultra Low Latency No loss of quality, simple editing IP transport ( SDI over IP ) 25

number of services transmitted from events.

26 Differentiation in Contribution Markets Premium events/sports market focuses on using new technology to improve Video Quality (UHD / HDR) and increase number of services transmitted from events. Newsgathering focuses on achieving fast go-to-air time with huge focus on reducing cost. Some SD to HD migration. 26

27 Methods for Contribution TRADITIONAL methods of contribution versus NEW: 27

28 End-to-end Solutions Provider 28

29 End-to-end Solutions Provider 29

30 End-to-end Solutions Provider 30

31 THANK YOU 31

Technology Day Italy. 4K Broadcast Chain. David A. Smith February 2017

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