glass is associated with both spe- bad. The SCTE Advanced Plant cific fiber-to-the-premises products Architecture Study Group, estab-

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1 CT'sPON&RFoG Tech Guide RFoG/PON: Review Essay July 2009 INSIDE THIS issue Essay... page 1 Glossary... page 1 RFoG/PON at ET... page 5 Vendor chart... page 7 PON Market Report... page 7 Glossary RFOG: Radio Frequency (RF) over In retrospect, the timing looks The contraction in demand did Two other trends put operators glass is associated with both spe- bad. The SCTE Advanced Plant give those developing cable s in a more offensive posture. First, cific fiber-to-the-premises products Architecture Study Group, estab- emerging RFoG standard some policy shifts in Washington, D.C., and an emerging standard being lished to determine standardiza- breathing room. favoring the epansion of broad- developed within working group 5 tion needs for the increased use Like any committee effort, band to rural and underserved of the SCTE s Interface Practices of fiber in cable plant, held its standards work takes time. The areas put some wind into the and In-Home Cabling Subcommittee inaugural meeting at Cable-Tec chairman of Working Group 5 sails of FTTH-related technology. (IPS SP 910: RF over Glass System Epo in June of the SCTE Interface Practices True, wireless technology is Overview. ) This technology involves The misalignment had to do Committee (IPS) predicted last a strong contender for funds transmitting RF over fiber, instead of with economic fundamentals. summer that the work on RFoG, tied to the Broadband Stimulus coaial cable, through splitters to a It s over, Fortune Senior Writer known formally as IPS910, package, but several operators node or terminating unit deployed Shawn Tully wrote in May would be completed by spring have proven business cases at the premises. It supports the The great housing bubble has Drafts have advanced, with pre-standard RFoG related use of eisting customer premises finally started to deflate. significantly in ways that created solutions in low-density mar- equipment (SCTE55-1/55-2 set-top The booming housing market compatibility between Ethernet kets using equipment from boes and DOCSIS equipment). It had been a primary driver for Passive Optical Networking Alloptic, Aurora, Cisco, and requires the addition of an EDFA fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Real (EPON), 10G-EPON and RFoG, CommScope. Manufacturers of and return receiver in the hub to estate developers had encour- but work yet continues. various fiber components have support bi-directional optical trans- aged telecommunications providers to pull fiber, especially to homes in planned communities. On the offensive Housing downturn notwith- announced acceptance by the USDA's Rural Development Telecommunications Program. port on an FTTH point-to-multipoint plant. Proposed and eisting reverse path implementations vary. Data Technologies such as RF over standing, several countervailing Second, the same economic rates are limited to eisting DOCSIS Glass (RFoG) were designed to trends were also at work. downturn that cratered hous- 1.1/2.0/3.0 data rates and use of accommodate those require- Although large MSOs insist on ing and shifted government eisting DOCSIS CMTS is required. ments while supporting eisting the viability of the HFC architec- policies has had a generally cable infrastructure, products and services. ture, especially when enhanced with DOCSIS 3.0 channel-bond- positive impact for the delivery of business services. PON: Passive optical network. Its distinguishing characteristic is Yet the housing market ing technology, competitors Small, medium and large point-to-multipoint (P2MP) with no continued to deflate. By June such as Verizon have continued business alike have cut elements between the hub and 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau to overbuild fiber into residen- epenses for travel and now customer premises ecept for pas- reported that new housing con- tial neighborhoods, shifting cus- rely more heavily on conference sive splitters. PON typically uses struction for April 2009 hit a tomer epectations and behav- calls and online meetings and asynchronous time division multiple 50-year low. ior in ways that put the cable collaboration. Businesses that access (ATDMA) scheduling tech- Hard as it has been to acknowl- industry on the defensive and are seeking to reduce their nology to transport data from an edge, that economic collapse make them attentive (if quietly) operational epenses have optical line termination (OLT) device removed a once-looming oppor- to developments in FTTH and looked beyond their incumbent to a set number of optical net- tunity. One consolation prize: PON technologies. local echange carriers (ILECs) work termination (ONT) units at continued on page 3 continued on page 7

2 Cisco Prisma D-PON Your DOCSIS-Based Fiber-to-the-Home PON Solution Meeting and Beating the Bandwidth Crunch The Cisco Prisma D-PON products offer you an industry-leading FTTH solution specifically for DOCSIS-based service providers. The D-PON solution can provide you with: Low-cost solution for master planned community (MPC) and greenfield growth Robust bandwidth capable of supporting multiple DOCSIS devices and DOCSIS 3.0 channel bonding in the upstream through a 28dB link budget Future-fleible network creating a low cost future upgrade path The advantage of leveraging eisting back office infrastructure Industry-leading performance... it s RFoG+ The Cisco D-PON solution enables DOCSIS 3.0 channel bonding for more available bandwidth in the network, support of more bandwidth-intensive services and increased data speed rates, fulfilling the consumer appetite for advanced feature-rich entertainment and communications. Learn more at

3 RFoG/PON Review continued from page 1 for better services and pricing. The cable industry has been the beneficiary of much if not all of that growth. Years of work in the business services market more than a decade for Co Communications has intensified across the board for operators and vendors alike. Several indicators would be the distance learning, telehealth and telepresence ehibits seen in various venues at The Cable Show in April this year. So while FTTH has been put on the back burner, fiber to the premises (FTTP) or to outposts of business premises, even competitive ones, such as cell towers is growing significantly. As it happens, it was in business services that EPON first emerged as a solution in cable. For services beyond the capabilities of DOCSIS 3.0 and RFoG, MSOs are now looking to EPON as a way to serve those same business customers. DOCSIS over EPON As MSOs scale their business services, the challenges of FTTP operations will look increasingly like those they ve faced before with DOCSIS. This is the challenge of quickly deploying, provisioning and supporting services. Thus, the still-emerging DOCSIS over EPON market. In CT s first RFoG/PON tech guide, published last October, there was a single entry in this category from Hitachi Communications Salira Systems group. In April this year, two months after Motorola became the eclusive distributor for its RFoG products, Alloptic announced the availability of its DOCSIS PON Controller (DPC) software, designed to enable DOCSIS provisioning and control of its EPON system. In May, two months after entering the RFoG market with its FTTMa 1000 optical network unit (ONU), ARRIS launched an EPON optical line terminal (OLT) and EPON ONU as etensions to its CHP Ma 5000 chassis. Adding validity and generating buzz at The Cable Show was an announcement at the event by chipset vendor Teknovus of a DOCSIS Mediation Layer (DML) technology. In effect a middleware, it enables system vendors to run DOCSIS OSSI service interfaces, PacketCable and PacketCable Multimedia on eisting GigEPON and future, forthcoming 10G-EPON systems. This development at the chip level is likely to drive the production of additional products based on the same technology, as it facilitates the entry of any systems vendor into the MSO market. Dozens of vendors already are supplying tens of millions of ports in Japan, Korea, and now China. (See sidebar, page 7.) Several operators have proven business cases with pre-standard RFoG... in low-density markets. At least some of the largest suppliers are likely to develop those some products, with some software accommodations, for the U.S. MSO market. Standards: IEEE, SCTE Meanwhile, the 10G-EPON standard, IEEE P802.3av, is progressing as epected. The task force should complete its work early this fall. Once the standard is approved, product announcements and products themselves should follow. The initial 10G-EPON standard will support a 10 Gbps downstream channel, 1 Gbps downstream channel (to be compatible with eisting EPON in place), and a shared 1 Gbps upstream channel for both eisting 1GigEPON ONUs and new 10/1GigEPON ONUs. The 10Gbps capability opens the door for even more substantial and larger business. The standard also positions 10G-EPON as the most suitable and scalable access technology for 4G cell tower backhaul services. EPON is already in use for 2.5G and 3G cell tower backhaul in the United States and abroad. With the shift to 4G and focus on mobile broadband, the demand for backhaul will push beyond the singledigit Gbps barriers of EPON, GPON, and SONET. Which technology will be able to support the need for hundreds of Mbps for multiple sites on a single strand of glass? Possibly the only candidate for that role is 10G-EPON. As mentioned, SCTE s IPS WG 5 continues its work on RFoG. The sustained appeal of RFoG is the proposed capability to support FTTP or FTTH by operating gateways at both the hub and customer premises site that would support eisting forward and reverse optical systems at the hub site and coaial-based devices, including both unidirectional editorial editor Jonathan Tombes (301) , jtombes@accessintel.com managing editor Ron Hendrickson (303) , rhendrickson@accessintel.com contributing analyst Victor Blake design/production senior art director Tzaddi Andoque (301) senior production manager John Blaylock-Cooke (212) Access Intelligence 4 Choke Cherry Road, 2nd Floor, Rockville, Maryland

4 and bidirectional set-top boes and DOCSIS devices, at the customer premises. RFoG applications In the potential greenfield market, RFoG is appealing because of its light touch: In theory, nothing in the system would need to be changed ecept for the construction to the premises. As discussed at the outset, however, greenfields have all but dried up. While that has left RFoG without its largest epected market, the technology is potentially useful for operators that might want to offer video services to fiber-based Ethernet customers. When the bandwidth demands justify it, DOCSIS over EPON is likely to supplant RFoG as the FTTH strategy of choice. Yet RFoG will continue to be useful for operators for as long as there is an inventory of non- DOCSIS (DAVIC)-based set-top boes. With inventories in the tens of millions, many of which are new HD and HD-DVR systems, the technology will have some shelf life. An equally important application of RFoG is the use of FTTH in more rural developments. (See above.) As homespassed density drops, the cost of traditional HFC plant rises, as the number of amplifiers and length of coa copper plant rises. With the rising price of copper and falling fiber costs, most new rural development is more cost-effective with fiber. Once the cost of active plant powering and supporting operational costs are considered, passive fiber solutions become even more attractive. In a rural development with, for eample, a dozen or so homes in a 20 km span, RFoG could offer both a lower cost and, with DOCSIS, more than enough bandwidth for 12 subscribers. Yet a combination of challenges continues to add on the compleity to RFoG. Operators have been surprised to find some RFoG systems are only compatible with DSG and DOCSIS and not DAVIC. Other RFoG systems support DAVIC and DOCSIS 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0, but do not support DOCSIS 3.0. While economically proven in certain cases, a solution with FTTH using RFoG does requires epense, yet with no increase in available bandwidth. Limiting the future potential of such a network by not supporting DOCSIS 3.0 is a difficult strategy to support. DOCSIS 3.0 having arrived, some RFoG solutions are now outdated. Solutions being eplored could potentially support DOCSIS 3.0, but with added cost. DOCSIS dilemma PONs typically employ some type of scheduler to manage the transmission and reception from multiple transmitters and receivers on a shared or multi-access optical network. Unlike PONs, most RFoG technology (including the proposed RFoG standards) does not use a scheduler. To keep costs down, most RFoG systems on the market simply turn on (burst) an upstream laser whenever they sense the beginning of an upstream DOCSIS or DAVIC transmission. These systems rely on the low data rates of DAVIC and DOCSIS and count on a statistically low chance (improbability) of the simultaneous transmission (collision) of two devices. In DOCSIS, this is a reasonable assumption because the DOCSIS system itself manages each of the clients to avoid a simultaneous transmission. In the case of an actual collision, all of the data protocols allow for network level retransmission. DOCSIS 3.0 channel bonding allows for the independent and possible simultaneous transmission of multiple upstream channels. DOCSIS 3.0 is different from DOCSIS 1.1 and 2.0 in that clients in a (shared) serving group can transmit at the same time (albeit on different channels). As a result, When that transition (to IP) occurs is a big question. One near-term appeal of RFoG is its link to the installed base of millions of non-docsis set-tops. the probability of a collision (not in RF but) in the optical domain is significantly higher. If that were not enough, the variations in DOCSIS 3.0 configurations make it ever more challenging. Take DOCSIS 3.0 upstream channel configurations, which allow for 3.2 MHz, 6.4 MHz, or 12.8 MHz wide channels in any variation adding up to a minimum of 12.8 MHz of combined upstream channel bandwidth. Vendors and operators developing the technology must struggle with the balance between keeping RFoG cost low and the need for forward compatibility. An RFoG product not compatible with DOCSIS 3.0 defeats one of the principal goals of the initiative. If these challenges can t be met cost effectively, RFoG may be relegated to video duty for EPON and long-reach low-density rural applications. Conclusion Long-term, DOCSIS over EPON appears to have cost-structure advantages. Even today, an EPON ONU costs less than an RFoG gateway (or R-ONU). continued on page 7 4

5 RFoG and PON at ET Fiber continues to be a news item. Passive optical networking (PON) in particular is hot. A late May report by the Dell'Oro Group indicates that worldwide PON equipment revenues grew 9 percent sequentially in the first quarter of this year. (For more, see sidebar, page 7.) RF over Glass (RFoG) also generated news, with several vendors announcing products designed to support it. (For more on RFoG vendors, see page 6.) Despite all that, there was relatively little emphasis on fiber optics at the SCTE's Conference on Emerging Technologies this year. James Chen, CTO of Salira Systems, presented "DOCSIS Management of Ethernet PON Infrastructure," and Oleh Sniezko, CTO of Aurora Networks, presented "RFoG How to Make It Work and How to Epand It." Both deal with evolutionary approaches to fiber, working with eisting cable infrastructure rather than doing a prohibitively epensive wholesale rip-and-replace. DEPON Chen's paper advocates a DOCSIS over EPON (DEPON) architecture designed to enable EPON fiber access networks to be managed by eisting DOCSIS infrastructure and operations support systems (OSSs). DEPON provides a middleware layer to translate DOCSIS management into language the fiber network can understand, thus preserving the cable operator's DOCSIS investments while epanding bandwidth. Chen writes that DEPON can scale up available bandwidth beyond the capabilities of current DOCSIS 3.0 implementations and is cost effective. He also argues that the same concepts can be etended to include similar functionality for PacketCable 1.5, PacketCable 2.0, PacketCable Multimedia, L2VPN, Business Services over DOCSIS (BSoD), DOCSIS Set-top Gateway (DSG), and other operations built on the DOCSIS foundation. RFoG Sniezko's paper treats RFoG as a hedge against competition. It's essentially transitional technology designed to facilitate moving from HFC to FTTH, with the same RF signals appearing at customer outlets as in HFC networks. RF signals are carried via fiber to the premises, where they transition to coa. Sniezko describes RFoG's current status, compares it with HFC, analyzes ways to make RFoG more appealing to cable operators, and presents some technical and architectural solutions intended to improve RFoG s performance and ease of operation. the FTTH solution that fits perfectly with eisting HFC Back-Up Power Supply Fiber Drop Armored Cable Fiber Flat Drop Cable in Conduit Network Interface Unit (NIU) Network Interface Device (NID) Optical Tap 2009, CommScope, Inc. All Rights Reserved. FTTH made simple!tm BrightPath is a simple approach to FTTH, employing reliable technology and standard cable installation practices to allow cable operators to deploy FTTH in new build areas without altering eisting infrastructure. - This cost effective RFoG system can be installed as needed within an HFC network - The total system cost is highly competitive with advanced HFC systems, especially in low density and rural areas - Another innovation from a business partner you already trust AB 5

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7 RFoG Only EPON DPON (DOCSIS + EPON) + RFoG Vendor Name EPON RFoG DPON Aurora Networks Cisco Systems Commscope ECI Telecom Huawei ZTE Pacific Broadband Networks Enablence Hitachi Telecomm (Salira Systems) Arris Corporation Alloptic Networks Note: This list does not include EPON vendors that do not offer products for sale in the US. There are a number of vendors that sell EPON products in Japan that do not offer them for sale in the US and do not want to sell or support those products in the US. continued from page 4 With multiple suppliers and now off-theshelf chipset and middleware solutions, the economics of DOCSIS over EPON as a solution for 1Gbps now and 10Gbps later looks even better. The key for DOCSIS over EPON success will be a transition to DOCSIS based set top boes (Docsis Set-top Gateway) or ultimately a transition to IP-based video distribution. When that transition occurs is big question. One near-term appeal of RFoG is its link to the installed base of millions of non-docsis set-tops. Or, at least, all RFoG products should be able to serve the base, as that is a major point the of initiative. Perhaps the most significant development during the last year has been the effort to create compatibility for both EPON and RFoG. Neither standards is yet complete, current drafts would allow for the operation of both in parallel on the same fiber serving the same or different customers. Report: PON Market Shines The Dell'Oro Group's "Access Quarterly Report" issued in May 2009 indicates that worldwide PON equipment revenues grew 9 percent sequentially in the first quarter of this year, despite a weak global economy. The report indicates that both GPON and EPON had robust sequential growth. In a statement, Tam Dell'Oro, president of the Dell'Oro Group, said, "PON revenue growth in the first quarter was higher than what we had epected due to rapidly increasing EPON buildouts in China, strong GPON ONT shipments for Verizon's FiOS service, and continued strong EPON demand in Japan." The report says that Mitsubishi remained the leader in the overall PON market, benefiting significantly from being the primary EPON supplier to NTT, Japan's largest service provider. Alcatel-Lucent recaptured the No. 2 position with higher GPON ONT shipments to Verizon. Huawei's revenue share nearly doubled from last quarter, and the company vaulted to the No.3 spot because of strong EPON shipments to China, as well as higher GPON shipments to customers in Europe and the Middle East. Glossary continued from page 1 the premises. Upstream signals at Gbps downstream and (sometimes called GE-PON) to ages a cable operator s DOCSIS are combined using a multiple Gbps upstream. Verizon support 1 Gbps symmetrical, networks and operational sup- access protocol. It is contrasted began deploying GPON in late with dual-speed EPONs capable port systems (OSSs). While with more capital-intensive point and standardized on GPON of 2.5 Gbps/1 Gbps. The IEEE RFoG relies on a CMTS and RF to-point (P2P) architectures. for all new deployments in early 10 Gbps EPON study group transport (over optical), DPON ITU-T SG15 (Study Group (P802.3av) is completing work moves the compatibility back GPON: Gigabit PON (ITU-T 15) has adopted IEEE 10GigEPON on the first 10G/1G standard, to the OSS interfaces, making G.984); the successor to BPON. (P802.3av) as the foundation for with chipsets epected in an EPON OLT look and act like It provides for transport of asyn- Net Generation (NG) PON. A number of cable operators a CMTS. While eliminating the chronous transfer mode (ATM), already have deployed EPON to need for the DOCSIS CMTS, it time division multipleing (TDM) EPON: Ethernet PON (IEEE serve business customers. offers compatibility for provision- and Ethernet, but has shifted 802.3ah). EPON initially support- ing and operations. Unlike RFoG, over several years to primarily ed 100 Mbps symmetric and DPON OR DEPON: DOCIS over it will support EPON data rates an Ethernet standard, operating has evolved as Gigabit Ethernet EPON. A combination that lever- up to 10Gbps/1Gbps. 7

8 Convergence Enabled. MISSION: To maintain an operationally efficient and cost effective infrastructure when adding new voice, video and data services, and epanding the eisting subscriber base. SOLUTION: ARRIS network technologies and product platforms for all architectures, including Supported architectures: Hybrid Fiber Coa Fiber to the premise Etended Reach Fiber Deep (Node + ) Leading technologies: CORWave and CORWave II multi wavelength plans for more services over as few as one fiber RFoG and EPON solutions that co-eist over the same fiber Variable output transmitters that allow output powers to be configured by the customer rather than pre-ordered from the factory Product platforms: CHP Ma headend optics - Indoor optical/rf conversion platform and components Opti Ma nodes - Outdoor optical/rf conversion platform and components Fle Ma Amplifiers - Outdoor RF amplification FTTMa Fiber to the premise RFoG and EPON platforms Trans Ma- Outdoor Optical long haul transmission platform and components With over 50 years of commitment to the cable industry, ARRIS is a trusted partner and solution provider to cable operators worldwide. Epect More from Your Network.