DIGITALEUROPE White paper: Standardized DVB-T2 RF specifications

Transcription

1 Brussels, April 17, 2012 DIGITALEUROPE White paper: Standardized DVB-T2 RF specifications DIGITALEUROPE represents the digital technology industry in Europe. Our 100+ members include some of the world s largest IT, telecommunications and consumer electronics companies, as well as national associations from every part of Europe. This paper summarises recent work of the DIGITALEUROPE E-book RF group on defining a minimum RF specification for DVB-T2 receivers. Some of the specification is derived from work carried out in the UK DTG D-Book RF group but it also includes new test areas not covered by other DVB-T2 RF specifications. The aim is to show the current best practice for DVB-T2 receiver specification and testing. The specification has been verified on recent DVB-T2 receivers. It is hoped this white paper will assist countries rolling out new T2 services. This specification will eventually be published as an update to the IEC E- Book. 1- DVB-T2 MODES DVB-T2 is a very flexible physical layer standard with many configuration options. Unfortunately this very flexibility makes standardising on common operating modes difficult due to the large number of possible mode combinations. To keep receiver compliance testing time within reasonable limits, we have defined a subset of 9 modes for detailed performance testing in difficult channels (Table 1). These modes cover many important areas of functionality in the DVB-T2 specification. In addition it is expected that the receiver should be able to demodulate an impairment free signal with all the following options from the DVB-T2 specification (EN ). Receivers should be able to automatically detect the mode being received when channel scanning. Constellation (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256QAM, rotated or normal) Code rate (1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5 or 5/6), Guard interval (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/128, 19/256, 19/128), Transmission modes (1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K), Extended carrier modes (8K, 16K and 32K only) Pilot patterns PP1-PP7 SISO and MISO HEM (high efficiency) and normal modes Normal and short FEC frames 7 and 8 bandwidths Single and multiple PLP modes DIGITALEUROPE Rue de la Science, 14>> B-1040 Brussels [Belgium] T >>F Transparency register member for the ission: >>1 of 27

2 Most of these options can be tested using large sets of functional tests, however any changes to the DVB-T2 mode chosen for broadcasting must also be RF performance tested with the legacy receiver population to ensure a smooth transition. Table 1 Selected DVB-T2 modes for performance testing Mode: Test Coverage FFTSIZE E=Ext. N=Normal AWGN & Static 0dB Echo Tests All Performance Tests CCI Tests with modes 4 & 5 SFN SFN MFN SFN SFN 8KE 16KE 16KE 16KN 32KN 32KN 32KE 32KE 32KE GI 1/16 19/128 19/256 1/32 1/32 1/8 1/128 1/16 1/32 L F SISO/MISO SISO SISO SISO SISO SISO/ (MISO) 2 SISO SISO SISO SISO PAPR None TR None TR TR TR None TR TR Frames per superframe (N T2) Channel Bandwidth () Signal Bandwidth () Pilot Pattern PP4 PP3 PP2 PP4 PP4 PP2 PP7 PP4 PP6 L1 Modulation QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM PLP #0 Type Modulation QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM Rate 1/2 2/3 2/3 3/5 3/5 3/5 2/3 2/3 3/4 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per interleaving frame TI blocks per frame (N_TI) T2 frames per Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) Type of timeinterleaving Time Interleaving Length / (195) Data Rate Mbit/s Sensitivity dbm (NF=7dB) /( ) Note performance testing for the 7 mode 6 should use frequencies in VHF band III. 2 When mode 5 is used in MISO mode, the number of FEC blocks per interleaving frame needs to be set to 195 instead of the SISO value of 196. >>2 of 27

3 All single PLP modes use HEM (High Efficiency) input stage mode. There is no null packet deletion, in-band signaling, L1 repetition or auxiliary streams. In order to comply with v1.2.1 of the DVB-T2 specification, ISSY should be used in all but the simplest of modes and so the use of ISSY is explicitly indicated in this document where it is required. Network operators should be aware that some signal configurations allowed by version but prohibited by version might not be correctly received and decoded by receivers designed to the later versions. It is therefore recommended that only parameter combinations permitted by version and later be used. The L1 signaling may however be transmitted according to version To reduce receiver testing times, modes 1-4 in Table 1 are only tested for basic AWGN and 0dB echo C/N, and mode 4 is additionally used for co-channel ATV interference testing. Modes 5-9 represent more commonly used SFN and MFN modes and are specified with all the performance tests. 2- RF FREQUENCIES This specification covers operation in VHF band III (7 channel bandwidth) and/or UHF bands IV and V (8 channel bandwidth). Receivers should be able to operate with transmission network frequency errors of up to +/-50 KHz, and channel bandwidths of 7 and/or FAILURE POINT CRITERIA Due to the sharp cliff-edge BER characteristic of LDPC decoding, BER measurements are very time consuming to perform for DVB-T2 measurements, but picture failure measurements are easier to make than for DVB-T. For this reason, two different picture failure point criteria are defined for different tests: 1. Picture failure point1 (PFP1), defined as the minimum C/N or C/I value when two out of three 10-second periods are free from picture artefacts. 2. Picture failure point2 (PFP2), defined as the minimum C/N or C/I value when two out of three 20-second periods are free from picture artefacts. This reduces the probability of incorrect results when testing DVB-T2 impulse noise immunity for patterns 7-12 which have a long burst repetition period of 1000 ms. 4- MINIMUM RECEIVER SIGNAL INPUT LEVELS The receiver should have a noise figure equal or better than 7 db. The required minimum input signal levels (P min) for PFP1 are: P min = dbm + C/N [db ] [for 8 modes 1-3, 7-9 ] P min = dbm + C/N [db ] [for 8 modes 4-5 ] P min = dbm + C/N [db ] [for 7 mode 6] where C/N is specified in Table 2 >>3 of 27

4 5- MAXIMUM RECEIVER INPUT LEVEL The receiver should be able to handle DVB-T2 signals up to a level of -25 dbm while providing the specified performance. Maximum level for ATV/DTV interfering signals is -25dBm. 6- C/N PERFORMANCE CALCULATION METHOD FOR AWGN AND 0dB ECHO The DVB-T2 implementation lines in the A133 Blue Book (ref.1) show two sets of simulations in tables 44 and 47. The simulations in table 44 represent the absolute best possible theoretical performance assuming a theoretical receiver that can perform Genie Aided demapping (an infinite number of de-mapping iterations). Table 44 also assumes an infinite number of LDPC iterations. Clearly neither of these two assumptions is valid for a real receiver due to finite limits on clock rate and silicon area. In contrast table 47 shows simulated performance for a receiver using a non-iterative de-mapper and 50 LDPC iterations (see also section of ref.1). Table 47 is used to calculate the required AWGN C/N in this specification. However because table 47 does not include 0dB echo simulations but table 44 does, both these sets of simulation results are used derive the required C/N performance in 0dB echo channels as shown below AWGN C/N calculation C/N = (C/N) table_47 + A + P boost + IL + D px, where (C/N) table_47 = AWGN C/N for post LDPC BER=10-6 (table 47 of ref.1) A = additional C/N required to reach post LDPC BER=10-7 around 0.1dB P boost = correction for pilot boosting (from table 46 of ref.1) IL = loss due to real channel estimation, imperfect LDPC decoding and other imperfections not considered part of the back-stop noise. This is derived from ref.1 and includes a small additional allowance for receiver synchronization, fixed point losses etc. For the E-book specification IL varies with pilot pattern as follows 2.5dB (PP1-PP2), 2.0dB (PP3-PP4), 1.5dB (PP5-PP7). D px = additional C/N term corresponding to a back-stop noise level at -33 dbc. This term is derived by first calculating the sum of all terms except D px and then checking how much C/N degradation is caused by the -33 dbc backstop noise level. The term D px is identical to this degradation dB echo C/N calculation C/N 0db = (C/N) table_47 +[END of 0dB echo channel] + A + P boost + IL+IL(CR) + D px = (C/N) table_47 +[(C/N) 0dB_table_44 (C/N) AWGN_table_44 ] + A + P boost + IL+IL(CR) + D px, where (C/N) table_47, A, P boost, IL and D px as defined above for the AWGN C/N calculation END = effective noise degradation (difference between 0dB echo and AWGN C/N) >>4 of 27

5 (C/N) 0dB_table_44 = 0dB echo C/N for genie aided simulation (table 44 of ref.1) (C/N) AWGN_table_44 = AWGN C/N for genie aided simulation (table 44 of ref.1) IL(CR) = code rate dependent implementation loss due to additional losses in a 0dB echo channel. These are 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 db for 1/2 rate to 5/6 rate respectively). These have been verified on several different receiver implementations. 7- AWGN C/N PERFORMANCE The receiver should have the performance given in Table 2 when noise (N) is applied together with the wanted carrier (C) in a signal bandwidth of 7.61, 7.71 & 7.77 depending upon mode. The values are calculated using a receiver backstop noise value P x of -33 dbc. An ideal transmitter is assumed. The DVB-T2 signal is set to -50dBm at the tuner input. Table 2 - C/N (db) for PFP1 Mode Details Gaussian PFP1 db 1 8KE QPSK 1/2 1/16 PP KE 16 QAM 2/3 19/128PP KE 64 QAM 2/3 19/256 PP KN 256 QAM 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256 QAM 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256 QAM 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256 QAM 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256 QAM 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256 QAM 3/4 1/32 PP IMMUNITY TO ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL SIGNALS IN OTHER CHANNELS 8-1- General notes for testing All TV interferer signals are held at a constant at -25dBm at the tuner input whilst the wanted signal is attenuated until PFP1 is obtained. The RF signal should be broken after each change in wanted signal level to ensure the receiver re-acquires. This is to ensure any weaknesses in the receiver acquisition processes are included in the overall result. A band pass filter on the interference source is normally needed on N±3 measurements and beyond to achieve accurate results by reducing out of band interference from the interference source. >>5 of 27

6 8-2- Immunity to analogue signals in other channels The immunity for interference from analogue TV signals in adjacent and non-adjacent channels is specified as the maximum ratio of the interference to wanted signal (I/C) for reception (PFP1). Table 3 shows recommended I/C levels for different types of analogue TV interference. Table 3 Immunity to analogue signals on other channels (I/C PFP1) Mode N±1 PAL G PAL I1 N±1 PAL B 3 N-1 SECAM L PAL D1 4 N+1 SECAM L PAL D1 4 N±m (m 1) andn+9 5 SECAM L PAL D1 4 N±m (m 1) and image channel 5 PAL B/G/I1 5 Bandwidth: /8 5 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP Immunity to DTT signals in other channels The immunity for interference from digital TV signals in adjacent and non-adjacent channels is specified as the maximum ratio of the interference to wanted signal (I/C) for reception (PFP1). Table 4 shows recommended I/C levels for DVB-T/T2 interference. Note immunity to digital signals in other channels should use a DVB-T or non-extended DVB- T2 interferer for the 7 mode and an extended DVB-T2 mode interferer for 8 modes. Table 4 Immunity to digital signals on other channels (I/C PFP1) Mode N±1 N±2 N±3 N±m (m 1, m>3) except N+9 5 N KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP Note that if PAL B N-1 is using NICAM sound, the digital channel on N cannot be used without an offset, because of the overlapping spectrums. The offset to be used in this test is recommended to be +167KHz on the wanted signal. 4 Note that the figures for PAL D1 are provisional. Performance for PAL D/K is similar to D1. 5 Note that N+9 is a popular choice for the image channel in tuner designs using 36 IF for 8 channel systems. For 7 systems, the image channel is N+10 (70). >>6 of 27

7 8-4- Immunity to LTE signals in other channels Figure 1 shows the harmonized 800 spectrum organization for LTE deployment. There is only a small 1 guard band between the top TV channel 60 and the lowest LTE base station in block A. Also the LTE handset (UE) block C falls on the N+9 image channel of TV tuner designs employing a 36 IF frequency. It is important to test immunity to these types of adjacent channel interference. Recent tests on existing DTT receivers have shown the most challenging form of interference for some receivers is when the LTE interferer is bursty typical of a lightly loaded or idling LTE network. Signals captured from a real LTE base station (BS) and handset (UE) are used as interference sources to test that receivers provide a reasonable level of immunity against this type of bursty interference. The I/C specification set in Table 5 is designed to reject badly behaving receivers. These interference signals are in the following files available on the DIGITALEUROPE website: Base Station: LTE_BS-idle_V2.wv (a lightly loaded 10 LTE BS signal consisting mainly of synchronisation and broadcast signals) Handset : LTE_UE_1Mbs_V2.wv (a lightly loaded 10 LTE UE signal with 1Mbit/s data traffic) Figure 1 Harmonised 800 spectrum for LTE Deployment BS Block A 10 BS Block B 10 BS Block C 10 UE Block A 10 UE Block B 10 UE Block C DTT CH58 DTT CH59 DTT CH60 Downlink (BS) 6 blocks of 5 or 3 blocks of Duplex Gap Uplink (UE) 6 blocks of 5 or 3 blocks of 10 1 Guard Band Table 5 Immunity to LTE signals on other channels (I/C PFP1) Mode Note : Wanted signal centre at 786 BS-A (796 ) BS-B (806 ) UE-A (837 ) UE-C (757 ) Interferer power at tuner input(measured during active part of LTE signal) KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP db 30 db 30 db 30 db -15 dbm 7 32KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP db 30 db 30 db 30 db -15 dbm 8 32KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP db 30 db 30 db 30 db -15 dbm 9 32KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP db 30 db 30 db 30 db -15 dbm 6 Note the power of the LTE BS and UE signal is defined as the RMS power during the active part of the signal. To assist setting the power level of the LTE BS_idle downlink signal, the RMS power measured by a power meter shall be set approximately 8.3 db lower (e.g dBm). Similarly for the LTE UE_1Mbs signal, the RMS power measured by a power meter shall be set approximately 9.7 db lower (e.g dbm). >>7 of 27

8 8-5- Immunity to pattern L3 This is a tuner linearity test with one digital DVB-T signal on the N+4 channel and another digital DVB-T signal on the N+2 channel in addition to the wanted DVB-T2 signal on channel N. This type of test is becoming increasingly important in today s crowded spectrum. The DVB-T2 receiver should provide the PFP1 when the unwanted signals are at the highest allowed level (-25dBm at the tuner input) and the wanted signal is I/C db lower, where I/C is given in Table 6. Table 6 Immunity to Pattern L3 (I/C PFP1) Mode I/C [N+2 and N+4] 5 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP IMMUNITY TO CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE 9-1- Immunity to co-channel interference from analogue TV signals The immunity for interference from co-channel analogue TV-signals is specified as the maximum ratio of the interference to wanted signal (I/C) for reception (PFP1). The wanted DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. Table 7 Immunity to co-channel interference 7 from analogue signals (I/C PFP1) Mode PAL-I1 PAL B PAL G/D1 SECAM-L 4 16KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP Immunity to co-channel DAB interference The immunity for co-channel interference from a single 1.7 wide DAB signal in the centre of the wanted channel is specified as the maximum ratio of the interference to wanted signal (I/C) for reception (PFP1). Only two modes are specified to reduce testing. The wanted DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. 7 Note that the CCI interference generator should have its frequency reference locked to the DVB - T/T2 signal generator in order to obtain repeatable measurement results. >>8 of 27

9 Table 8 Immunity to co-channel interference from a single 1.7 DAB signal (I/C PFP1) Mode I/C db 6 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP MULTIPATH PERFORMANCE SFN multipath performance Static 0dB echo The required C/N for picture failure point PFP1 should be obtained when the channel contains two paths with relative delays as shown in Table 9. All paths have zero phase at the channel centre. The DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. Table 9 C/N Requirements for 0dB Echo (PFP1) Mode Echo Delay 1.95 µsec 95% Guard Interval C/N db C/N db 1-8KE QPSK 1/2 1/16 PP KE 16 QAM 2/3 19/128 PP KE 64 QAM 2/3 19/256 PP KN 256 QAM 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP Variable power echo The required C/N for picture failure point (PFP1) shown in Table 10 should be obtained when the channel contains two paths with relative delays shown in Table 11, where the relative power level of the two paths are dynamically changing including 0dB echo level crossing. The C/N value is defined at the 0dB level crossing. On a typical channel simulator, a frequency separation of 0.1Hz would be selected as 0.1Hz pure doppler. All paths have zero phase at the channel centre. The DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. >>9 of 27

10 Table 10 C/N Requirements for Varying Echo Power Levels (PFP2) Mode C/N db 5 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP Table 11 Definition of Varying Echo Power Channel Path No Relative Power (db) Delay Frequency Separation None % GI None % GI Pure 0.1Hz Performance with echoes outside the guard interval This test checks performance in the presence of either a single pre-echo or a single postecho outside the guard interval, with the main path at zero delay. This is important in SFN networks where it is possible to receive low level echoes outside the guard interval in certain situations. For the modes shown in Table 12, the attenuation of the single echo at the specified delay points is measured to achieve PFP1. The receiver should achieve PFP1 with the echo level greater than or equal to that shown in Table 12. All echoes have zero phase at channel centre. No noise is added. The DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. For 7 channels, multiply the delay times in the tables by 8/7. Table 12 Long echo test profile (Echo Level for PFP1) Mode Delay and Echo Level 5 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP4 8 Delay µs ±120 ±150 ±200 ±230 ±266 Echo level db KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP2 7 Delay µs ±540 ±560 ±580 ±600 ±608 Echo level db KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP7 8 Delay µs ±30 ±60 ±90 ±120 ±133 Echo level db KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP4 8 Delay µs ±230 ±240 ±250 ±260 ±266 Echo level db KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP6 8 Delay µs ±115 ±120 ±125 ±130 ±133 Echo level db >>10 of 27

11 10-2- MFN multipath performance Performance with short echoes The receiver should provide PFP1 for the C/N values shown in Table 14 when the channel profile in Table 13 is applied. All paths have zero phase at the channel centre. The DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. Note that due to the short echo delays in Table 13, some test equipment does not report back the correct C/N. Table 13 Short echo test profile Tap Delay (µs) Relative Attenuation (db) 1 0 2,8 2 0, ,4 3,8 4 1,45 0,1 5 2,3 2,6 6 2,8 1,3 Table 14 C/N Requirements for Short Echo Profile (PFP1) Mode C/N db 5 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP PERFORMANCE IN TIME VARYING CHANNELS Receivers should handle expected time variations of paths to fixed roof-top reception. Such variation is caused by the swaying of masts, antennas and branches of trees etc. Normally the required C/N increases with frequency separation as shown in Figure 2. The increase in required C/N for PFP1 reception should be less than or equal to the Δvalue shown in Table 15 for a 20μs 0dB echo with 0º phase at the channel centre using the frequency separation shown, when compared to a 20μs 0dB echo with frequency separation equal to 1 Hz (Doppler shift of +/- 0.5Hz after AFC). The DVB-T2 signal should be set to -50 dbm at the tuner input. Note: On a typical channel simulator, a frequency separation of 10Hz corresponds to a Pure Doppler setting of 10Hz (+/-5Hz after receiver AFC), which at 666 with a frequency ratio of 1.0, corresponds to a speed of 4.5m/sec or 16.2km/hr. >>11 of 27

12 Figure 2 - Tolerance to a single echo with Doppler C/N (db) C/N min + db C/N min 1 f 1 Frequency Separation (Hz) Table 15 C/N Variation Requirements for Time Varying Channel (PFP1) Mode Frequency Separation f 1 Hz Δ C/N db (with respect to C/N at 1Hz frequency separation) 5 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP db 6 32KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP db 7 32KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP db 8 32KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP db 9 32KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP db 12- TOLERANCE TO IMPULSE INTERFERENCE General Impulse interference is different from other forms of interference, in that it is generated in short bursts. Sources include car ignition systems and domestic appliances such as switches and electric motors. In portable and mobile environment, the impulse interference will reach the receiver directly through the antenna. The damage is potentially serious because a single impulse burst can destroy several symbols of data. Research work on the impulse interference has been mainly carried out in the UK digital television group (DTG) (ref 2). Some of the specifications presented here are derived from that work Test patterns Various test signals comprising gated bursts of Gaussian noise are defined based on the model shown in Figure 3. These have been chosen to match different categories of measured impulse noise in the domestic environment such as dishwashers, lights, and central heating thermostats. The DVB-T2 time interleaver improves impulse noise immunity significantly over DVB-T by breaking up the noise impulses over time. This requires longer noise burst durations, burst repetition periods and picture observation times (PFP2) to be used compared with DVB-T as shown in Table 16. >>12 of 27

13 Figure 3 Definition of the impulse interference test pattern Burst 1 Burst 2 Burst Du ration Burst repetition period 1000ms DVB-T2 Pulse Duration 250ns (fixed) The number of pulses per burst is defined, but the spacing between pulses is allowed to vary randomly between specified maximum and minimum values. Table 16 DVB-T2 Impulse interference test patterns Test No Pulses per burst Minimum/maximum pulse spacing μs Burst duration μs Minimum/maximum burst duration μs Burst repetition period ms , , ,000 1, , , ,000 19, , Table 17 - Minimum I/C values for DVB-T2 impulsive noise tests Mode Expected I/C (db) for picture failure (PFP2) Test Pattern Number KN 256Q 3/5 1/32 PP KN 256Q 3/5 1/8 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/128 PP KE 256Q 2/3 1/16 PP KE 256Q 3/4 1/32 PP Test requirement and procedure The minimum I/C for picture failure point PFP2 should be obtained when the channel contains gated Gaussian noise as defined in Table 16, for the modes shown in Table 17. >>13 of 27

14 The wanted signal power should be set to -60dBm at the tuner input, and the impulse noise increased until the picture failure point condition PFP2 is reached. The wanted signal power and the un-gated noise power are then measured (in the bandwidth of the wanted signal) to calculate the I/C. 13- OPERATION WITH FEFS DVB-T2 receivers should be able to operate in a system using FEFs continuously as defined in Table 18 which takes some of its parameters from the DTG D-book (ref.2). All single PLP modes with FEFs use HEM input stage mode, and ISSY. There is no Deletion or in band signaling. L1 repetition and auxiliary streams are not used. Demodulating the actual FEF content is not required. Table 18 Parameters for standard FEF tests Identifier DTG201 DTG202 DTG203 DTG204 DTG205 DTG206 DTG207 Stream Name FEF_1 FEF_2 FEF_3 FEF_4 FEF_5 FEF_6 FEF_7 FEF 40ms FEF 20ms FEF 10ms FEF 5ms FEF 60ms FEF has power equal to T2 frame FEF 100ms FEF has power equal to T2 frame Overall FFTSIZE 4K 32K 32K 32K 32K 32K 32K GI 1/4 1/128 1/128 1/128 1/128 1/128 1/128 Data Symbols SISO/MISO SISO SISO SISO SISO SISO SISO SISO PAPR None None None None None None None Frames per superframe Bandwidth Extended Bandwidth Mode No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pilot Pattern PP1 PP7 PP7 PP7 PP7 PP7 PP7 L1 Modulation QPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK FEF Type FEF Length (samples) FEF Interval FEF P1: S1 Value FEF P1: S2 Value L1 Repetition PLP #0 Type Modulation 16QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM Rate 1/2 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 >>14 of 27

15 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per interleaving frame TI blocks per frame (N_TI) T2 frames per Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) Type of time-interleaving Time Interleaving Length Design Delay Additionally FEFs may be enabled and disabled over time and the FEF content may be changed dynamically. One application of this is to allow interference into the wanted channel to be measured on a live system. A test for this scenario is described below. The receiver should be able to continue normal reception throughout these changes of DVB- T2 signal configuration without requiring a channel rescan, however it is acceptable for the receiver to re-acquire the channel during the transition phases when FEFs are being enabled or disabled, causing a brief interruption in reception. To test receiver conformance, the receiver should be able to acquire and display error free video without requiring a channel re-scan each time the input is switched from a DVB-T2 signal configured as mode 8, to a DVB-T2 signal configured as shown in Table 19, followed by switching back to the original mode 8 input. It is acceptable to have signal breaks during switching if necessary for re-configuring the DVB-T2 modulator and demodulator, but there should be no picture failures after each transition phase once the receiver has re-acquired. Table 19 Parameters for FEF off/on/off test Parameter DVB-T2 mode used for testing DVB-T2 signal level at tuner input ISSY enabled FEF enabled Value Mode 8 with N T2 (number of frames per superframe) changed from 2 to 6 as shown below -50dBm Yes Yes Frames per superframe (N T2) 6 FEF P1 S1 value 2 FEF P1 S2 value 1 T2 P1 S2 value 1 FEF length FEF interval FEF content Design Delay samples or ms 6 T2 Frames Empty (zero power) samples >>15 of 27

16 14- MISO OPERATION MISO transmissions of group 1 and group 2 can either be transmitted from a single transmitter location (co-located MISO), or from two or more transmitter locations (distributed MISO). In the latter case there is a possibility that only one MISO group can be received due to obstructions in the channel. Tests for basic MISO functionality under these different conditions are shown in Table 21. Table 20 DVB-T2 MISO Test Setup Test Parameters Value DVB-T2 mode DVB-T2 signal level at tuner input Background AWGN applied Mode 5 with 195 FEC blocks per interleaving frame -50dBm -30dBc Table 21 DVB-T2 MISO Test Definitions Test Number Test Details Expected Result 1 Gaussian channel - MISO group 1 only PFP1 2 Gaussian channel - MISO group 2 only PFP1 3 MISO group 1 (with 10 µsec delay) + MISO group 2 (no delay) PFP1 4 MISO group 1 (with 85 µsec delay) + MISO group 2 (no delay) PFP1 5 MISO group 1 (with 10 µsec delay + MISO group 1 (no delay) PFP1 6 MISO group 1 (with 85 µsec delay + MISO group 1 (no delay) PFP1 15- MPLP / RECEIVER BUFFER MODEL OPERATION Functional tests to verify correct operation of the DVB-T2 receiver buffer model with multiple PLPs are shown in Table 22. The receiver should be able to detect the services during a channel scan, select the PLP number shown in Table 22 and display the video correctly. All the streams use 8 RF bandwidth. A description of how to generate the multiple PLP test signals is given in the Annex. Any transport stream with a bit rate of 3.3Mbit/s or lower can be used. Table 22 DVB-T2 MPLP / RBM Operation Test Selected PLP for reception Test Signal Name VV702 0 VV702_plp0 1 VV702_plp1 VV705 0 VV705_plp0 VV708 0 VV708_plp0 2 VV708_plp2 VV710 0 VV710_plp0 3 VV710_plp3 >>16 of 27

17 REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. DVB-T2 A133 Blue Book Implementation guidelines for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2) 2. DTG D-Book 7 Part A, Digital Television Group, UK 3. E-Book RF specification draft v2.16, DIGITALEUROPE >>17 of 27

18 ANNEX - GUIDELINES ON THE GENERATION OF REAL VIDEO MULTIPLE PLP TEST SIGNALS Summary The test signals are a subset of tests developed in the DVB-T2 V&V group to check corner cases of receiver buffer model operation and proper recognition of multiple PLP services in the received DVB-T2 RF signal by monitoring the displayed picture and sound of the TV product. It is expected that test equipment manufacturers will provide suitable test signals following the guidelines in this annex to enable receiver testing. A low bit rate transport stream <=3.3Mbit/s is required with sufficient movement to prevent error concealment algorithms in the video decoder from concealing receiver problems. The demodulator in the receiver combines the selected PLP and common PLP data to create a valid transport stream. By including the real video data in the common PLP it is possible to detect problems with the re-combining process by monitoring the received picture and audio. Figure 4 shows the operations to create the signal in the modulator. Figure 5 shows the operations to re-combine the selected data PLP with the common PLP in the receiver. Note that a separate test signal is required to test each PLP because only one PLP is encoded with the real video sequence, the rest contain PRBS sequences. Figure 4 -Creation of real video MPLP test signals in the modulator on PLP packets should not contain PAT, SDT, NIT, EIT, PMT but only audio/video packets PLP0 PLP1 PLPC PRBS packet packet Real Video packet (may contain SI info) Real Video packet (no SI information) >>18 of 27

19 Figure 5 Recombination of selected data PLP (PLP0 in this example) and the common PLP in the receiver to re-create PLP0 PLP1 PLPC Test signal composition Figure 6 shows how the packets for are allocated to the selected PLP (PLP0) in units (in red boxes) of different numbers of packets (run lengths), and to common PLP slots that occur at regular spacing (M=4 in this example). In addition (PRBS) is assigned to PLP1. A chapter is formed by repeating units a specific number of times. A new chapter containing new run lengths for and and a new number of unit repetitions is shown starting to the right of the red line. Normal slot for PLP 1 on slot Figure 6 - Test signal composition First chapter: 2 repetitions of repeating unit with Nums[0]=4, Nums[1]=3 4 M packets (M=4) New repeating unit with Nums[0]=2, Nums[1]= Cat 1 Cat 2 PLP 1 Cat 2 PLP 2 Cat 3 PLP 1 Cat 3 PLP 2 Cat 3 PLP 2 Cat 1 Cat 2 PLP 1 Cat 2 PLP 2 Cat 3 PLP 1 Cat 3 PLP 2 Cat 3 PLP Time 1 PLP0 Cat 2 PLP 1 PLP1 Cat 2 PLP 1 on PLP Cat 1 Cat 2 PLP 1 Cat 2 PLP 2 Cat 3 PLP 1 Cat 3 PLP 2 Cat 3 PLP 2 Normal packet for /PLP0 Normal packet for /PLP1 Cat x PLP i on packet, category x describing PLP i >>19 of 27

20 Table 23 - Test signal generation parameters Number Mnemonic TDICC3 SPLPTDICC2 DJBCC2 TDICC1 VV Reference VV702-TDICC3 VV705-SPLPTDICC2 VV708-DJBCC2 VV710-TDICC1 Time Deinterleaver Buffer Corner Case 3 below limit (OK) Single PLP corner case (OK - below limit) FEF De-jitter Buffer corner case (OK - below limit) Time Deinterleaver Buffer Corner Case (OK) Based on VV400 + FEF, with critical i/p Input stream definition Input stream generation model Dynamic multiple PLP SPLP (Fixed bitrate) Dynamic multiple PLP Dynamic multiple PLP Input TS rate Mbit/s / Input one big TS file M L N_EIT NumReps on slot interval Number of chapters Number of successive EIT packets Repeats of repeating unit , 1, 15, 1 15,1,15,1,15,1,15,1 15,1,15,1,15,1,15,1,15,1 RunLength() Run length for each TS.. 92, 20, 44, ,95,102,95,102, 95,102,95 102,95,102,95,0,0, 66,3,102,95 RunLength() in each repeating unit.. 44, 27, 92, 20 15,29,15,29,15,29, 15,29 13,11,13,11,19,13, 8,17,13,11 RunLength(TS2)..in a chapter 8, 2, 8, 2 14,15,14,15,14,15, 14,15 RunLength(TS3) 8, 2, 8, 2 14,16,14,16,14,16, 14,16 13,15,13,15,19,13, 8,15,13,15 13,14,13,14,18,11, 7,3,13,14 Overall Length V&V minimum of 4 frames 7 frames 3 frames 5 frames one T2 frame PLP Multiple Single Multiple Multiple FFTSIZE 32K 32K 32K 32K GI 1/128 1/16 1/128 1/128 Data Symbols Including frame closing symbol (if present) SISO/MISO SISO SISO SISO SISO PAPR P2-TR & L1-ACE TR & L1-ACE P2-TR & L1-ACE P2-TR & L1-ACE >>20 of 27

21 only only only Frames per superframe Bandwidth Elementary period T Extended Carrier Yes Yes Yes Yes Mode Pilot Pattern PP7 PP4 PP7 PP7 L1 Modulation 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM Sub Slices per Frame Not required in Single PLP FEF None Yes None Yes FEF Type FEF Length in samples FEF Interval 6 4 FEF P1: S1 Value FEF P1: S2 Value FEF contents PRBS PRBS L1 Repetition Repetition of the dynamic signalling Number of PLPs Number of RFs Number of AUXs AUX_CONFIG_RFU AUX_STREAM_TYPE AUX_PRIVATE_CONF AUX_PRIVATE_DYN Spec version Vclip infinity 3.55 infinity infinity L1 Extension Present? No No No No L1 Extension Block Type L1 Extension Data Length L1 Bias balancing cells No No No No present? Number of Active L1 Bias balancing cells (per P2) L1_ACE_MAX Pseudo Fixed Frame Structure Use Max Cells Per T2 Frame for scheduling Yes No No Yes >>21 of 27

22 PLP 1 PLP_ID PLP_GROUP_ID Type Modulation 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM Rate 2/3 3/5 2/3 2/3 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per interleaving frame Max FEC blocks per interleaving frame a-separated list gives the number of blocks in each Interleaving Frame dynamic 200 dynamic dynamic Value for configurable signalling. May exceed the max value used derived parameter TI blocks per frame (N_TI) T2 frames per derived parameter Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) First frame index Input stage Mode HEM HEM HEM HEM ISSY Yes Yes Yes Yes BUFS Design delay (samples) packet deletion Not required in Yes No Yes Yes Single PLP (I.G ) In Band Signalling Type A No Type A Type A Number of other PLPs in-band signalling Number of NULL packets inserted each time (p) Frequency of NULL packets insertion in packets (q) PLP 2 PLP_ID PLP_GROUP_ID Type >>22 of 27

23 Modulation 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM Rate 2/3 2/3 2/3 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per dynamic dynamic dynamic interleaving frame Max FEC blocks per interleaving frame TI blocks per frame (N_TI) T2 frames per Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) First frame index Input stage Mode HEM HEM HEM ISSY Yes Yes Yes BUFS Design delay (samples) packet deletion Yes Yes Yes In Band Signalling Type A Type A Type A Number of other PLPs in-band signalling Number of NULL packets inserted each time (p) Frequency of NULL packets insertion in packets (q) PLP 3 PLP_ID PLP_GROUP_ID Type Modulation 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM Rate 2/3 2/3 2/3 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per interleaving frame Max FEC blocks per interleaving frame TI blocks per frame (N_TI) dynamic dynamic dynamic >>23 of 27

24 T2 frames per Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) First frame index Input stage Mode HEM HEM HEM ISSY Yes Yes Yes BUFS Design delay (samples) packet deletion Yes Yes Yes In Band Signalling Type A Type A Type A Number of other PLPs in-band signalling Number of NULL packets inserted each time (p) Frequency of NULL packets insertion in packets (q) PLP 4 PLP_ID PLP_GROUP_ID Type Modulation 256QAM 256QAM 256QAM Rate 2/3 2/3 2/3 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per dynamic dynamic dynamic interleaving frame Max FEC blocks per interleaving frame TI blocks per frame (N_TI) T2 frames per Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) First frame index Input stage Mode HEM HEM HEM ISSY Yes Yes Yes BUFS >>24 of 27

25 Design delay (samples) packet deletion Yes Yes Yes In Band Signalling Type A Type A Type A Number of other PLPs in-band signalling Number of NULL packets inserted each time (p) Frequency of NULL packets insertion in packets (q) PLP 5 PLP_ID PLP_GROUP_ID Type Modulation 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM Rate 2/3 2/3 2/3 FEC Type Rotated QAM Yes Yes Yes FEC blocks per interleaving frame Max FEC blocks per interleaving frame TI blocks per frame (N_TI) T2 frames per Interleaving Frame (P_I) Frame Interval (I_JUMP) First frame index Input stage Mode HEM HEM HEM ISSY Yes Yes Yes BUFS Design delay (samples) packet deletion Yes Yes Yes In Band Signalling Type A Type A Type A Number of other PLPs in-band signalling Number of NULL packets inserted each time (p) >>25 of 27

26 Frequency of NULL packets insertion in packets (q) Max Cells Per T2 Frame on PLPs Type 1 PLPs Type 2 PLPs Dynamic Block Numbers PLP_GROUP_0 Total FEC blocks common PLP Total FEC blocks type Total FEC blocks type Max FEC blocks per PLP type 1 Max FEC blocks per PLP type 2 PLP_GROUP_ Total FEC blocks common PLP Total FEC blocks type 1 Total FEC blocks type 2 Max FEC blocks per PLP type 1 Max FEC blocks per PLP type 2 >>26 of 27

27 ABOUT DIGITALEUROPE DIGITALEUROPE represents the digital technology industry in Europe. Our 100+ members include some of the world's largest IT, telecoms and consumer electronics companies and national associations from every part of Europe. DIGITALEUROPE wants European businesses and citizens to benefit fully from digital technologies and for Europe to grow, attract and sustain the world's best digital technology companies. DIGITALEUROPE ensures industry participation in the development and implementation of EU policies. DIGITALEUROPE s members include 58 global corporations and 34 national trade associations from across Europe. In total, 10,000 companies employing two million citizens and generating 1 trillion in revenues. Our website provides further information on our recent news and activities: THE MEMBERSHIP OF DIGITALEUROPE COMPANY MEMBERS: Acer, Alcatel-Lucent, AMD, APC by Schneider Electric, Apple, Bang & Olufsen, BenQ Europa BV, Bose, Brother, Canon, Cassidian, Cisco, Dell, Epson, Ericsson, Fujitsu, Hitachi, HP, Huawei, IBM, Ingram Micro, Intel, JVC Kenwood Group, Kodak, Konica Minolta, Kyocera Mita, Lexmark, LG, Loewe, Microsoft, Mitsubishi Electric, Motorola Mobility, Motorola Solutions, NEC, Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks, Océ, Oki, Optoma, Oracle, Panasonic, Philips, Pioneer, Qualcomm, Research In Motion, Ricoh International, Samsung, SAP, Sharp, Siemens, SMART Technologies, Sony, Sony Ericsson, Swatch Group, Technicolor, Texas Instruments, Toshiba, Xerox, ZTE Corporation. NATIONAL TRADE ASSOCIATIONS: Belgium: AGORIA; Bulgaria: BAIT; Cyprus: CITEA; Denmark: DI ITEK, IT-BRANCHEN; Estonia: ITL; Finland: FFTI; France: SIMAVELEC; Germany: BITKOM, ZVEI; Greece: SEPE; Hungary: IVSZ; Ireland: ICT IRELAND; Italy: ANITEC; Lithuania: INFOBALT; Netherlands: ICT OFFICE, FIAR; Poland: KIGEIT, PIIT; Portugal: AGEFE, APDC; Romania: APDETIC; Slovakia: ITAS; Slovenia: GZS; Spain: AMETIC, Sweden: IT&Telekomföretagen; United Kingdom: INTELLECT Belarus: INFOPARK; Norway:IKT NORGE; Switzerland: SWICO; Turkey: ECID, TESID, TÜBISAD; Ukraine: IT UKRAINE. >>27 of 27