Vol.30 No Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection Jun Å «: TM501 TG Þ½ : A ÃÝ : Å

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1 3 à ½ Ð Vol. No.3 6 Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection Jun. 400 Hz Æ À¹ л 1 Í Ì 1,2 Ï 1 É 2 ÍÊ 2 Î 3 (1. Å» Ê Å Ê»ÒÇ Õ Å» )  : ± Ø Ã Â ASTM Ù ÚÊ À±Ã ±¾Ç Þ 400 Hz 50 Hz ÑÙ Î AgC AgCdO AgNi AgW Ø Ù Ú Å ± SEM EDAX ¼±Ã ؼĐÖß¼ Ó³ ¼ 400 Hz Ø ÎÅÖÓ ÏÓ 50 Hz ØÚ Ó ± Î ĐÐ 50 Hz ¼ Î 400 Hz Î ± Ó Ü ± Ø ÁÊÙ ØÕÇ : 400 Hz Þ ÑÙ Ù Å «: TM501 TG Þ½ : A ÃÝ : Å ÝĐ ÝÒ¼ Þ È Á ÀÌÐß Ð µ Ò¼ Æ Ðß Þ ÁÓË ËÑ Æ Đ Ðß Þ Ú ÖÈ Í ¹ Đ Ø» µ» ÀÌÆÉ ÀÐ Á Ç ß ÕÆ ÈÉÚ Ð µ» Ø ÀÌ Ð ÊÔ ÕÒÚ ¹µÀÌ Ðß Ú Ø µ Û Ù [1 3] ÝĐ º  ÖÔÁ Ñ ÌÄÌ ÓÑÚ ¹ ɳ 400 Hz ÝĐ É³ Á Ø» Ø ³ Ú Đ Ð«½¾É³ Ò Æ Ù ÝĐ ³ : : À ݲ (05JJ40068) ÇÄ : Ï 1967 ¹ Ü Õ ¾ ÇÄ : ÝÉÛ zyma@mail.xjtu.edu.cn ĺÆØ Ð 400 Hz ÝĐ Í ½º ÇÖ ÌÛ» Æ Ð«½Â ¼ ÆÖ Í Û Ó Æ Ó ÝĐ ÐÜ µæ²ý«½ Ñ ÁÖ Ü ÑÖµµ±Ò Ô ÐÜ Đ Ô ÍÓ Ó Ø Ý Ð Ø» ÀÉؾ Û ÀÉ Ô Ö Đ [4 6] ² 400 Hz Í Û Ø 2 ¼ ÝĐ Ö Ù Ô» Ð Ø» ÄØ Ù Æ Đ ÚÆ 400 Hz ÝĐ Ù Ì Ù Ì ÆÙ Ø» Ä» ÕÞ ³ ÂÈ Ì Ö٠ɳ Þ Ùɳ ÝĐ Ù Æ [7] Ú Ö Í ÒÙ ÄÙ Á µ 1 3 Ò É½Æ 50 Hz Ù 4 6 Ò½Æ 400 Hz Ð 7 Ò½Æ 400 Hz Í 1500 ÅÆÙ

2 232 » ß Table 1 The constitutions and parameters of physical phenomena for,, CAgNi and CAgW 50 contact constitution %Å parameters of physical phenomena material Ag the second phase density /g cm 3 resistivity /Ω cm rigidity /kg mm 2 85 CdO C CAgNi 90 Ni CAgW W Æ Þ Ùɳ Ø 400 Hz Í 5 Û Å À É Ð Â«Ú ÖÔ 400 Hz Í Ø É Â ¾ 400 Hz Í ÔÙ ½ Í Æ Í ½Æ ÖÎ 400 Hz Í Ø JSM-6460 JSM-5600LV Ê ½ ³ Ø» ÕÞ ³  400 Hz Í Ø 400 Hz ÝĐÐØ Ö Ù Æ Đ 1 ÆÙ Ö Ú ¾ 400 Hz 50 Hz ³ Ú Ù Ö ¾Ö 6A A 15A Ù Đ 0 45 V Á ÄÙ Ö mm Đ 5N Æ «1 m/s Ù Ú Ö 60 /min 3» Ù» ¾ CAgNi CAgW 50 È Û Ù ÖÅ ²Û µ» Õ º 1 µm 2 µm ²Ù CAgNi CAgW 50 Ï Ú Ô¹» 1 3 ÆÁ¾ Hz Đ µº  ¾ CAgNi Ù Ä µ A 400 Hz/50 Hz Í ÔÙ Í ÐÔ¹ º 1 ³ º 1 ÚÍ Í Ð Á Hz 50 Hz Í Ï» Ö ÚÍ Æ µ Í ØÍ 2 Û Å Ñ» À ÈÉ Ô ÓË Í ÌÞ Ï 50 Hz Í Ï 400 Hz 3 mass of material /g (a) CAgNi measurement times 1.68 (b) CAgC CAgNi measurement times Fig.1 Mass changes of every contact material when mass of material /g average welding force /g I=A (a) 400 Hz, (b) 50 Hz frequency /Hz Fig.2 Average welding force and fluctuation rate of fluctuation rate and contact material at 400 Hz and 50 Hz when I=A 50 Hz Ú³ 400 Hz ³ 6 ÁÅ ÚÍ Ø Æ Hz Đ A 400 Hz/50 Hz Ù Í ÀÉ µ Úĺ 2 Ô µ ÀÉ ÚÖÈÔ ÀÉ»Ô ÀÉ Æ³

3 3 Î ¾Û : 400 Hz Þ ÑÙ Ø 233 º 2 Á Î 50 Hz Í ÀÉ CAgdO 4 е Ú Ö Ö» ÕÆ Å Ñ Ï Þ ¾«Í ½» Ag Í Å Ø Ñ Ö ÀÉ 400 Hz Î ÎÍ Ø Ñ CAg- C 4 ÀÉ µ Ð ¾ ÑÖ» Í Æ 40% Ì µ ÀÉ ÚÆ Hz Đ ß 400 Hz/50 Hz Í» û ÕÞĺ 3 Ô ÁÆ 400 Hz/50 Hz ÛÖÍ ÓÖ» ÕÞ Â ¾ ÂÄÍ (1) 400 Hz» Í 50 Hz Í Đ ÔÖ Ð Í Æº 3a1 3c1 µ Ö 400 Hz Ö ÆÑ Å³ 1.25 ms Å ÖÆ Ñ Í Å«Ý «ÝÑ Ï Ag «Í ƺ 3a1,3b1,3c1,3d1 Ú Ö É ½ Î Ì «µë Ð (2) 50 Hz Í Þ Í Î Ç ««Ö Ñ» Î À ÙÖ ÆÝ Ã ¹ Рƺ 3b2 3d2 (3) Ù Ö Ú Ò AgCdO 15» ÕÞ Â º 3a1,3a2»º 3b1,3b2 Á Î 400 Hz ÎÒÍ Ñ Ag Î Í» ¹ ß Å Ð 50 Hz ¹ À Ag»ËÛ Æ Å» Ú ÕÞ Â» Ð ÕÆ C à [8 ] º 3c1,3c2 3d1,3d2 Á Î 400 Hz Ý Æ¹ 50 Hz Ö 400 Hz Å À Ag Ï Äº 3c2 Ô 50 Hz Î ¾ ¼Đ Ag Á º ÎÑ» ÕÆÝ º û Å ÔŠĺ 3d2 Ë Å Ý Þ ¾«ÍÚ¾ Í Hz Đ ±²Å ³ Ø CAgNi CAgW 50 ÞĐ ³ µ 400 Hz/50 Hz Í ³  SEM ³ĐÒ Í ¾Ô¹º 4a,4d º 4b,4c,4e Ò 400 Hz ¹Ð C» Æ CO Ñ» C Î Å Ð Ag Å ØÑÅ ÖÔ ÕÆ Ð Æº 4a Ô ³ 400 Hz ÕÆ Ò» Ò»¼ Ò É Cu µ 5% % Ag È 81% Ô 74%» Ag Ó ¹» Í ³ Ag È 85% Ê 91% Cu 18% 11%» Å ØÍ (ƺ 4d) Fig.3 Overall surface morphologies and the local surface morphologies of and material at 400 Hz and 50 Hz (a1,a2) 400 Hz ; (b1,b2) 50 Hz ; (c1,c2) 400 Hz AgCdO 15; (d1,d2) 50 Hz AgCdO 15

4 234 » ß mass % (d) Ag Cu a b c a b c d measured point measured point Fig.4 Surface morphology chart in the place of ES analysis and mass fraction comparison of each mass % component of material at 400 Hz and 50 Hz (a) 400 Hz surface morphology, (b,c) 50 Hz, surface morphologies, (d) mass fraction comparison of 400 Hz, (e) mass fraction conparison of 50 Hz Ò 50 Hz ¹ Ë Ñ Ð C»Äº O 2 N 2 Æ CO CN ÓË C ĺ 4e º Ô Ag È 75% Ê 88% Cu 25% Ô 5% Ö ¹ È º λ À ÅÕÞ Äº 4c º Ô Ñ ¼ Cu 18% Ô 40% Ag 83% Ê 72% ¼ Í À Ag Đ Ì ³ ÄÐ Ä Ø Â Å 400 Hz ÀÉØ 50 Hz ÆÍ 4 Û Ø Æ ¹» Å Ø Ð Ò ÀĐ Đ À Ø Ú ² µ» Ú Ò Ø Ö Ú Å Ø¾Æ É Ð 400 Hz/50 Hz Í Û ³ Ô 400 Hz AgW 50 AgNi CAg- CdO 15 AgSnO 2 In 2 O 3 50 Hz Ö CAgCd- O 15 AgW 50 AgNi AgSnO 2 In 2 O 3 Ø ¾ÔÆ 400 Hz Ö AgW 50 AgNi AgSnO 2 In 2 O 3 50 Hz Ö CAgCd- O 15 AgW 50 AgSnO 2 In 2 O 3 AgNi (e) Ag Cu [1] Liu X S. Application and Research on Electric Contact Material [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press 1997 (Õ. Ù ² [M]. Ä Ï, 1979) [2] Chen L C. The Electric Touches Theory and Application [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press 1985 (Ë. ÍÜ ² [M]. ß Ï 1985) [3] Rong M Z. Electric Contact Theory [M]. Xi an Xi an Jiaotong University Press 04 ( ÍÜ [M] Æ Æ Ï 04) [4] Xu J, Zhu L H, Yu H F. Failure mechanism of silver-based contact material under electric arc [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 03, 4« (Ü Õ ºÇ. Ý Ø²ÏÙ ßÍ [J]. À ¾ Ë. 03, 4« ) [5] Rong M Z Feng J X Yang W. Contact arc erosion of low voltage apparatus [J]. Low Voltage Appar ( µ Ó «. ß ¹ Ù [J]. ß ¹ ) [6] The technical conditions of the silver/graphite electric contact GB [S]. ( Å GB [S].) [7] Li J, Ma Z Y, Zhang S J et al. Design of test system about arc resistance erosion trials of medium frequency switching device contact materials [J]. Low Voltage Appar (Ï, ÝÉÛ, ÝÜ. ¹ Æ ÛÅ Û˵ [J]. ß ¹ 07 (21) [8] Zhang Y C, Li Z B, Cheng L C, et al. Contact surface deterioration and welding resistance of AgMeO contact materials [J]. Proc. CSEE (4) ( È ÏÀº Ë Ü. ² ÑÁ Ù½ ÐÑ ÂËÚ ²Ä [J]. Ä ß Ë (4) 54-58«[9] Wan J W, Rong M Z, Wang Q P. Holes and cracking mechanisms and erosion characteristics of Ag-based con-

5 3 Î ¾Û : 400 Hz Þ ÑÙ Ø 235 tacts by breaking arcs [J]. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc «1-5«( ². Ý ¼Æ Á ßÍ [J] «1-5) [] Vinaricky E, Beherens V. Switching behavior of silver/graphite contact material in different atmosphere in regard to contact erosion electrical contacts [C]. Proceedings of the Annual Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts IEEE RESEARCH ON SMALL CURRENT ARC EROSION OF SILVER/GRAPHITE CONTACT MATERIAL WITH LOW VOLTAGE AND RESISTIVE LOAD AT 400 Hz LI Jing 1,2, MA Zhiying 1, HUANG Shaoping 2, LI Jianming 2, XU Lizhan 3 (1. School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Xi an Jiaotong University, Xi an, College of Electrical & Information Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 4111 Abstract: 3. Delixi Electric LTD Wenzhou ) Using a self-developed ASTM test system of contact material electrical properties of smallcapacity and the current-frequency changed the performance comparison trials and material weighing of AgC AgCdO AgNi and AgW contact materials were completed under low voltage resistive load and small current at 400 Hz and 50 Hz. The surface profiles and constituents of Ag-graphite contact material were observed and analyzed by SEM and EDAX. Researches indicated: the form of the contact material arc burnout at 400 Hz is stasis, not an eddy flow style at 50 Hz; meanwhile the area of the contact burnout is less than that of 50 Hz the ablation on the surface layer at 400 Hz is more serious. Comparing the capacities of arc erosion resistance of the silver-based alloy contact material with different second element at 400 Hz it can be known that the capacity of the silver/graphite material is the weakest. Key words: 400 Hz low voltage, resistive load, silver/graphite, contact material, arc erosion ( ËÈ 2 ) A CAUSE-FACTORS EVALUATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION OF STEELS BASED ON IMPROVED SIGMOID FUNCTION BP NEURAL NETWORK LUAN Ruipeng 1 ÆBEN Kerong 1 ÆXIAO Yuxing 1,2 ÆTIAN Liye 1 (1. Department of Computer Science, Navy University of Engineering, Wuhan Institute of New Weaponry Technology and Application, Navy University of Engineering, Wuhan 4033) Abstract: On the basis of improved hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function, a cause-factors evaluation BP neural network model for estimating the atmospheric corrosion of steels was proposed. Using the zero mean stand method to preprocess the input data, Bayesian regularization arithmetic was introduced to solve the generalization problem on sparse data. The simulated results showed that the model provided good evaluation for atmospheric corrosion cause-factors without any prior knowledge. Key words: hyperbolic tangent sigmoid function, BP neural network, Bayesian-regularization, atmospheric corrosion