Введение в специальность на английском языке по направлению ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА И ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА. Методические указания

Transcription

1 BG: Well, the web is how mankind communicates nowadays. SW: It's like the internet has become a brain. It's the smartest brain in the world. AG: It is an empowering tool that has more potential than any other that human civilisation has ever developed. MZ: The world is just gonna keep on getting more and more open and there's gonna be more information available about everything. SF: This is astounding technology, and we should just take a moment to celebrate the power and the reach that it gives us. DK: And so this is the story of the web. But it's more than that. This is also the story of how the web is remaking our world. The web is a revolution. Which one do like best of all? 8.16 Tick (E) if you express your opinion and (J) if you justify it. Write your essay the Internet in my life and present it to the class. Use propmts. МИНОБРНАУКИ РОССИИ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Ухтинский государственный технический университет» (УГТУ) Введение в специальность на английском языке по направлению ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА И ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА Методические указания Ухта

2 УДК (075) Е 64 Енцова, В. И. Введение в специальность на английском языке по направлению Электроэнергетика и электротехника [Текст]: метод. указания / В. И. Енцова. Ухта : УГТУ, с. Методические указания Введение в специальность на английском языке по направлению Электроэнергетика и электротехника предназначены для студентов II курса, обучающихся по программе бакалавриата Watch the video podcast. Do you agree with any of the opinion you hear? Методические указания включают три тематических раздела: Моя специальность, Изобретения и открытия и Современные тенденции развития электротехники, соответствующих рабочей программе. Структурно каждый раздел представляет систему упражнений по развитию всех видов речевой деятельности: говорения, аудирования, чтения и письма. Упражнения имеют профессиональную направленность, даются в логической последовательности, что помогает студентам приобрести знания по избранной специальности. Методические указания рассмотрены и одобрены на заседании кафедры иностранных языков , протокол 4. Рецензент: Т. В. Ложкина, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков. План 2012 г., позиция 11. Подписано в печать г. Компьютерный набор. Объем 60 с. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ 264. Ухтинский государственный технический университет, , Республика Коми, г. Ухта, ул. Первомайская, д. 13. Типография УГТУ , Республика Коми, г. Ухта, ул. Октябрьская, д. 13. How do you keep in touch with your friends? Has modern communication helped you to do it better? 8.15 Read the sayings of the pioneers and key internet players: everybody from Google to Facebook; Twitter to Amazon, the people who ve helped bring about this seemingly unstoppable levelling of power, culture and values that's having such an impact on all of our daily lives. The web has created unimaginable wealth, yet encouraged millions to work for nothing. It's challenged authority, yet allowed regimes to spy and censor as never before. And it's been blamed for creating a generation of web addicts. It s opened up new world of knowledge. BG = Bill Gates AG = Al Gore SF = Stephen Fry SW = Steve Wozniak MZ = Mark Zuckerberg DK = Dr Krotoski 59

3 c) Nearly 80% young people use the internet every day. Most people use it sensibly, but between five and ten per cent of internet users are addicted (spend too much time) to the web and psychologists now recognized this as a problem. Read the user s answers the psychologists questions and give yours. 1. How do you use the internet? 2. Do you think you spend too much time on the internet? Why?/Why not? 3. What are the positive and negative sides of the internet? Sean (18) I go on the internet every day. I ve got a laptop and a smartphone, so I can use the internet anywhere. Today I ve been online three times. Mainly, I chat or play games. I often look for information, read online magazines or just friends. I also compare prices of things, but I ve never bought any online because I don t think it s safe. I m not an internet addict, but some of my friends are. One friend always looks tired because he spends all night online. Although he s failed some exams he hasn t changed his habits. In my opinion, an internet addiction is a serious problem. If you ve been on the internet for forty-eight hours non-stop your idea of reality changes. This can happen to real addicts who often feel tired, depressed and isolated. The problem is with the person, not with the activity. These people need help. Answer the questions: 1. How often does Sean go online? 2. Does he know any internet addicts? 3. Why does he consider an internet addiction a problem? d) Read the comments about use of the internet. Match each comment to the adjectives describing how people feel. a depressed b excited c guilty d bored e sympathetic _ 1. I don t think there s anything interesting on the internet. _ 2. On my computer I ve got a camera and I can see people when I m chatting to them. It s great! _ 3 I ve met this boy in a chat room. He s got terrible problems at home. I told him I know what it s like. Things are difficult at home for me too. _ 4. I joined a social networking site because I thought it would make me feel better. But it doesn t. Everyone is having a good time except me. _ 5. I had an argument with my best friend and a posted a message on Facebook about him that wasn t true. Lots of people saw it and now I feel really bad. I want to apologize to him but I don t know how. Module 1 My profession A. Electricity and circuits 1. Underline the stressed syllables in the words. engineer engine engineering electrician electricity electrical electronics electron electronic; mechanic mechanism mechanics mechanical; technician technical; technologist technology Listen and check your answers. 1.1 Insert the correct words from the brackets. 1. The _ is responsible for every _ in the factory. (engineering/engineer/engine) 2. I m a _, but I want to become a _ engineer. (mechanical/mechanic/mechanics) 3. The lab _ maintains all the _ equipment. (technician/technical/technology) 4. The _ repairs all the _ equipment on the rig. (electrical/electrician/electricity) 2. Read transcriptions. Guess the meaning of the words Watch the video twice. Answer the questions.1. What is a direct current (a DC)/an alternating current (an AC)? 2. What current is used in power transmission systems?/computer systems? 5. Text Electrical circuits Words 1. smooth сглаживающий 6. a short circuit короткое замыкание 2. a gap промежуток 7. a fuse предохранитель 3. a strand жила 8. a switchboard распределительный щиток 4. a socket розетка 9. a printed circuit board (PCB) печатная плата 5. a plug вилка 10. an integrated circuit (IC) интегральная схема 58 3

4 5.1 Read the text, answer the questions and do the task below. 1. Why is a three-phase AC better for high power applications? 2. What main parts does the basic electrical system consist of? 3. What devices protect circuits? 4. How have ICs changed speed and reliability of devices? Electrical systems involve the use of circuits. Current - a flow electricity through a circuit - can be direct (DC) or alternating (AC). The rate at which current alternates is called the frequency and measured in hertz (Hz). In can be 50 or 60 Hz in different counties. Power plants generate a three-phase AC. These are three single phases synchronized and offset (leg behind) by 120 degrees from each other. Threephase systems are well suited to high power applications. They provide a smoother work by reducing the gaps between the voltage peaks. The amount of current flowing through the circuit depends on resistance of the conductors and the components in the circuit. Silver, copper - the metals with low resistance - are good conductors. The conductor can be single wire (a solid wire) or several strands of wire grouped together (a stranded wire). An electrical cable has several conductors, separately covered with insulation (highly-resistant plastic), grouped within a second outer layer of insulation. Touching a live conductor (carrying current) can cause a dangerous electric shock. The basic electrical system has four main parts: the source (a battery or a generator), the load (any appliance), the transmission system (usually insulated wires) and the control apparatus (switches, fuses, ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, etc.). A source supplies energy to a system. A load accepts energy from a system. The transmission system conducts energy from the source to the load. The control apparatus controls of the energy flow and can interrupt it in case of overloading. An AC supply enters a building to reach sockets for plugs on appliances. Hot bus bars (power supply) are attached to the switchboard. It has a number of switches to allow different circuits in the building to be switched on and off. A circuit breaker is a primary safety switch installed on each branch circuit for its protecting from system faults, mainly short circuits. A short circuit - a sudden surge (increase) of current within milliseconds - happens during the contact of two points with different electric potentials because of, for example, damaged insulation. It can ruin equipment. Protective relay systems detect abnormal conditions and direct one or more circuit breakers to open. Fuses - the other safety switches - break local circuits by melting and must be replaced afterwards. The circuits can be printed on printed circuit boards (PCBs) or integrated (ICs) on microchips. Before the invention of integrated circuits in 1959, circuits had been formed from discrete components connected with wires. They consumed much space, important to me. But I knew very well it was impossible. Then when I was thirty it was suddenly there. I m still impressed. David, 18 To tell the truth, I don t get so impressed by new gadgets. I like them and I use them a lot but I m not especially surprised when a new one appears. OK, I was impressed when iphones first came out because they really do everything. But in general, there is always something new every year. You get used to it: you expect things to be this way. Questions: - Do you agree with David? (I fully/partly agree with ) Give reasons. - Do you stick to one gadget or try to use a new one - more effective? - Are your parents as techie as you are or are you smarter dealing with hi-tech devices? c) Which of the gadgets is your favourite? What do you like about it? Ex. My favourite gadget is my smartphone. I like watching You Tube videos on it Listen to a TV program and tick the technolody the expert mentions. 1. wind-up laptops 2 laptops with flexible screens 3 3D laptops 4 internet-enable TVs 5 3D TVs 6 mobile phones with flexinle screens Listen again. What if any will be the advantages of each piece of technology? Which gadgets do you think will exict in the future? Make a list of idas with the class. (I think/ in my opinion _ will+v ) Do you know any one who is addicted to any form of technology? What are their symptoms? 8.13 Socialising through the internet. a) Put the word in the brackets in the correct form. Educating the whole person The world is changing faster than ever before. Nobody knows what the future will look like and exactly what skills you will need to be (1) (success) _. Unfortunately, nearly all educational systems focus too much on (2) (know) _ and intellectual skills. The importance of (3) (create) _ is not always appreciated. But if you don t get a chance to discover your creative side, your (4) (develop) _ is not complete. Another important area thet everyone needs to learn is people skill such as being (5) (communicate) _ and sensitive to others. Do you agree with the opinions? b) Do you agree with the sayings? 4 57

5 Write the notice about the mobile phone you have found Listen to a) TV program and complete the facts with the numbers. How communication has changed in figures _ - the first mobile phone network was launched in the USA. _ - the Internet became available to public. _ - the percentage of web pages that are in English. _ - the average age of a first-time mobile phone owner in the UK. _ - the percentage of young people addicted to mobile phones. _- the number of new mobile phone handsets that Nokia produces a day. _ - the number of text messages that we send around the world every day. _ - the approximate numbers of people worldwide who have joined social networking sites. b) quiz to find out how techier you are. Check highlighted words Favourite gadgets a) Do you have these devices? a smartphone an MP3 player an e-book reader a HD TV a laptop a games console a hard disk recorder a satnav Choose the word/words to complete the sentences. 1. I can carry hundreds of books around with me on my _ and I don t need a bag. 2. We can record over 100 hours of TV programs on our _. 3. We ve got _ at home. There is a choice of more than 100 channels. 4. My dad takes his _ on the train so that he can work. 5. I can do anything on my _ - play music, record videos, send and make calls of course. 6. The picture on our new _ is amazingly clear. b) Read about the parent-children attitude to hi-tech devices and answer the questions. Mum, 42 My favourite tech device is nothing very original: the mobile phone. However, there s a special reason why I m so fond of it. When I was a little girl, I dreamed of a phone that I could always carry with me, so I d always be able to get in touch with my parents or my friends, that was very 56 power and were limited in speed, although they are still common in some applications. Any IC is the assembly of interconnected microscopic electronic components such as transistors, diodes, capacitors and resistors packed as a single unit (a chip) of a coin size on a wafer(a plate) of semiconducting material - silicon or germanium. Early ICs of the late 1950s consisted of about 10 components on 0.12 in. (3 mm) chip square. Very large-scale integration (VLSI) vastly increased circuit density, giving rise to the microprocessor. The first commercially successful IC chip (Intel, 1974) had 4,800 transistors; Intel's Pentium (1993) had 3.2 million, and more than a billion are now achievable. In the 1970s a central processing unit (CPU) was placed within one chip. Today not only one but two, four and more CPU cores are built on a single chip. Many microprocessors are parts of embedded systems providing digital control of a great number (myriad) of objects from appliances to automobiles to mobile phones and industrial process control. A microprocessor is the integrated circuit that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry needed to function as a digital computer's CPU. 5.2 Make word combinations with a) electric b) circuit using words below. Match the combination with the descriptions. charge current supply conductor integrated printed parallel power shock insulator appliance series power short a) b) 1. another term for amperage 2. provided by a battery, for example 3. measured as a wattage 4. allows current to flow through it 5. has very high electrical resistance 6. carried by moving electrons 7. another term for an electrical device 8. the consequence of a person touching live conductor. Find the word going down. 1. circuit containing one or more sockets 2. a simple circuit where all the components are placed one after the other along the same conductor 3. a microchip - a very small, often complex circuit 4. what happens if live and neutral conductors touch while a current is flowing and there is no component or appliance between them 5. a circuit which allows different components to be controlled independently by separate switches 6. a circuit that can be filled with a large number of components 5

6 6. Ohm s law Variables Units Read Ohm s law current (I) amps (A) I = V/R = equals resistance(r) ohms Ω) V = IR times voltage (V) volts V) R = V/I : divide by Watch the video twice and say: 1 How are these equations useful? Give examples. (Current measured in _ depends on _ and on _) 2. Who are the basic units of electricity named after? 6.1 Control devices Explaining the use of something Used/use for + V ing Used/use to +V(verb) Match the diagnostic tools (1,2) with their descriptions (a, b) 1 2 a It measures electrical properties such as AC or DC voltage, current and resistance. It troubleshoots electrical problems in batteries, power supplies and wiring systems. b. It is an electronic device that checks the electrical connections in wired devices. Answer the questions. 1. What is a multimeter used for? 2. What is the cable tester used for? 7. Identify the presented. Work in pairs. S 1 What is presented in 1? S 2 It is. Say what it s used for. S 1 What is it used for? S 2 A: Could you ask her to call me back? B: Yes, of course. Can I have your name and phone number, please? (3) A: Can I speak to Jessica, please? B: I m afraid she s just (8) p_ out somewhere. A: Could you tell her to give me a r_. B: Sure, no problem. In pairs, discuss the clues that told you if the conversation was formal or informal. 8.8 Complete the crossword, then rearrange the letters in the dark squares to find the mystery word. 8. The safety earthing system. Electric shock. Read the text and answer the questions. 1What does an earthing system serve for? 2. What parts are called dead (live)? 3. When does danger of electric shock disappear? (Use photos) 4. In what air does the risk of an electric shock decrease? The strength of current depends on both the voltage and the resistance in a circuit. A current of 50 ma is dangerous for a man and a current of 100 ma and higher is lethal. Earth system serves to protect attending personnel from electric shocks when voltage appears on the parts that are normally dead. The risk of electric shock decreases with decreasing voltage. In wet and hot atmosphere the risk of electric shock increases. Safe voltage for circuits used in dry atmosphere is under 36 V. When the power is on, contacts with live conductors are dangerous for life. The dan- 8.9 Read the notice and prompts about writing them. 6 55

7 the prepositions with the time expressions. Use in, on, at or 0. 1 _ Monday 6 _ last night 11 _ 10 o clock 2 _ tomorrow 7 _ next week 12 _ midnight 3 _ the morning 8 _ March 17 th 13 _ June 4 _ Friday morning 9 _ the weekend 14 _ _ yesterday evening 10 _ Christmas 15 _ the afternoon 8.6 Complete the conversation. Choose the correct phrase. Karin: Good morning, Butler Ltd. (1) Can I help you?/who are you? Catherine: Good morning. (2) Can I/Do I speak to Max Schwarz, (3) thanks/please? K.: (4) I m not /I m afraid he s not here today. C.: Oh, can you (5) give/say me Max s mobile number? K.: No, I m afraid I (6) can t /don t. It s a personal number. C.: OK. Can you (7) take /leave a message, please? K.: No problem.(8) Just/Only a second, please. I (9) need /find a pen. OK. What name, please? C.: (10) Here is/ It s Catherine Maubeuge. K.: Maubeuge How do you (11) say/spell that, please? C.: M-A-U-B-E-U-G-E. Please (12) ask/say Max to (13) speak/call me. My phone is 0033, that s the code for France, K.: So, (14) that s/you re C.: That s (15) OK/correct. K.: And what company are you (16) with/for, Ms. Maubeuge? C.: Renault K.: OK C.: Thank you very much. K.: (17) Please/ You re welcome. Have a nice day. Read the messages. Which one is correct? ger of an electric shock disappears if metal parts under voltage are connected with ground by means of earthing electrodes. 9. a) Look at the circuits a, b, c and d Match these components with symbols. 9 b) Match the descriptions with the correct circuits. Battery buzzer cell lamp motor 1 a cell, a switch and two lamps in parallel on-off switch push switch wire 2 a cell, a switch and two lamps in series Describe each circuit above. Can the circuit work or not? Say why. (A circuit must be complete and have no short circuits.) 10. PCBs and resistors If one lamp falls in series and in parallel circuit, what happens to the other lamps? Why? Draw your circuit and describe it. 8.7 Study the prompts and mark them as formal (F) or informal (I). The neutral phrases have already been marked (N). Complete the phone conversations using prompts. (1) A: Could I (1) s_ to Mr. Chambers, B: Who s (2) c_, please? A: My name s John Laughton. B: Can I ask what your call is (3) c_? A: I m calling about tomorrow s meeting. B: (4) H_ the line, please. I ll put you (5) _. A: Thank you. (2) A: Hello. Is Mrs. Howard (6) t_, please? B: I m afraid she s not (7) a_ at the moment. 54 Any printed circuit board has resistors. In the case of carbon resistors their resistance is identified by a colour rings (bands), painted around the resistor. The colour bands show the value from 0 to 9. The first two bands are the first two digits of the resistance. The third band is the multiplier. It tells you the number of zeroes (noughts) to add after first two digits. The final band is the tolerance (допуск). On the resistor shown above, orange = 3, orange = 3, black = 0; so the resistance is 33 Ω. For many very small resistors, especially the metal-oxide ones, instead of the colour coding the letter code is applied. Questions 1. What do colour bands show on the resistors? 2. What do the first two bands mean? 3. What does the third band tell you? 4. What is the fourth band for? Work in pairs. Tell your partner the colours of the first three bands of a resistor. Then determine the resistance. A. My colours are purple, then green, the red. B. OK, so that s 75 Ω. A. Correct. Now is your turn. B. OK. My colours are yellow, purple and red. A. That s 4700 Ω or 4.7KΩ. 7

8 11. Electronic circuits 11.1 Read the text Components of electronic circuits and answer the questions. 1. What is the most important component of electronic circuit? 2 What is difference between two types of capacitors? 3. Why a diode can be called the switch of an electronic circuit? 4. What component is sensitive to temperature? 3. What basic logic gates do you know? Transistors contain tiny chips of semi-conductor materials. They can be used as switchers, amplifiers and oscillators. Diodes allow current to flow only in one direction, acting as electronic valves. A light emitting diode (LED) produces light when a current flows through it. Capacitors store electricity in order to smooth the flow. They can be charged and discharged. The two most common capacitors are ceramic and electrolytic. They are particularly important in high frequency devices such as radios. Electrolytic capacitors are usually larger. They can be connected in one way only and are used, for example, in power supplies. Relays are electromagnetic switches, which use electromagnets. Potentiometers, variable resistors, are used to change the resistance in a circuit easily. Fixed resistors have standard values. Thermistors vary in resistance according to temperature. Logic gates are integrated circuits, which provide the basic logic functions used in computers and other devices which use digital electronics. Signals in digital circuits are either on (1) or off (0). Basic logic gates include AND, OR, NAND and NOR Circuit symbol diagrams Study the symbol diagrams and make short dialogues with your partner. A. potentiometer G. diode B. transistor F. switch C. resistor H. relay D. capacitor I. NAND logic gate E. amplifier J. light emitting diode Example: S 1 What is symbol H? S 2 It s a relay. S 1 Is it used for amplifying or switching? S 2 As far as I know it used for switching Circuit component values Listen to the record and note the values. _electrolytic capacitor _variable capacitor _variable resistor _battery _milliammeter _inductor _bulb 11.4 Correct the values that are wrong. 1. It s a six-metre cable. 2. How many six-volts batteries do you need? 3. I need a 10-amps fuse. 4. Is it a 1.6- litres diesel engine. 5. Do you want a 60 or 75-watts bulb? b) Read the text and tell about the advantages of the device. Would you like to buy it? The iphone 4S The iphone 4s is one of the best 4G smart phones. It has a dual-core A5 CPU (processor), an 8-megapixel camera capable of recording 1080p video at 30 frames per second; ios5, bringing over 200 new features; the high-resolution touch Retina display. World capability allows it to work on both GSM & CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access- the standard for North America) networks. The popular features packed in the brand include: the Siri, intelligent automated voice assistant helps you get things done. All you the have to do is ask. It makes phone calls, sends messages, schedules meetings, sets reminders, and more. icloud stores your music, photos, documents, etc. and wirelessly pushes them to all your devices. Automatic, effortless it just works. FaceTime lets you hear a voice and see the face that goes with it. With AirPlay you can wirelessly stream what s on your iphone to your HDTV and speakers via Apple TV. With AirPlay Mirroring everything whatever you see and do on your iphone, appears on your HDTV at the same time. AirPrint allows you to print everything wirelessly over Wi-Fi. 8.4 Work in groups. Study the arguments for and against mobile phones. Add extra ones. Choose three the most important to your mind pros and cons and discussed them. 8.5 Say in English: these numbers 647 9,235 1,574, , these symbols a b c d 8 53

9 - SIM cards enable users to keep important information. - UMTS, the standard used in 3G phones, has made video phones a commercial reality. b) What do the abbreviations stand for? SMS OS WAP Mb SIM PDA 3G GPS 8.2 Match CNET.com phone review (1-5) with the descriptions of users who might be interested in them (a-e) Look at the equipment list. You need some of these items. Complete the conversation. You I need twenty 9-volt batteries. Peter No problem, we have twenty-four. You And I (1) _ ten 25-watt bulbs. Peter OK. I (2) _ twenty-two. No problem. You (3) have any 40-watt bulbs? Peter How many (4) need? You Twenty. Peter Sorry. I only (5) _ ten. You That s no good. What about 60-watt bulbs? Peter No, I (6) any 60-watt bulbs, only 25- watt or 40-watt. You Do (7) any fuses? Peter Yes, what fuses (8) need? You I need twenty 10-amp fuses and forty 13-amp. Peter OK. I (9) _ enough 10-amp fuses, but I (10) enough 13-amp fuses. 12. Dimensions 12.1 Match the pictures with the dimensions Complete the questions according to the answers. Ask four more questions. 8.3 Look at the screen of the mobile phone and make a list the latest devices it can replace. 8.3 a) Listen to the text A world of mobile phone applications twice and answer the questions: 1 What does an app mean? 2. What company launched the first app? 3. Which apps are the most popular? 4. Who makes more apps: smartphone manufactures or third-party developers? 5. How many apps do most users install and use? What apps do you have on your mobile phone? What are they used for? What is your favorite app? What apps do you never use? Use the prompts. My phone is It s got With the I can It allows me to I mostly use for My favorite app/the best feature is I never use 1. How high is the computer table? 90 cm 2. How is the solar panel? 500 mm 3. How is the laser pointer? 15 cm 4. How is the electronic dictionary? 125 g 5. How is the electronic door opener? How is the guarantee on the solar panel? 25 years 7. How is the electronic dictionary? 135 mm 8. How is the solar radio? 70 mm 52 9

10 B Job opportunities in electrical engineering Match the question on the left with the answers on the right. 1. What s your job? a. Yes, I m getting used to the new job. 2. How long have you been doing that? b. Ok, but it s taking longer than I expected. 3. Where do you work? c. I have an apartment just outside Oslo. 4. Where do you live? d. I m designing a new application. 5. What languages do you speak? e. I m a quality control engineer. 6. How are you getting on with the plans? f. In a factory near Jakarta. 7. What are you working on at the moment? g. For about eighteen months. 8. Are you settling in OK? h. English, Dutch and Mandarin. 3. Read the text about the electrician. What topics does Carlos talk about? - his education and training, - safety of the job, - his duties and responsibilities, - the equipment he uses for troubleshooting, - the dangers of his work. I'm an electrician in the oil industry. I work for BP company. I help to install, Read the text and do the task. A brief history of mobile phones 1G, First Generation mobile (cellular) phones started in the 1980s when Motorola introduced the first hand-held phones. They used analogue technology and the main drawback was the small number of channels that could be used at a time. In the 1990s 2G mobiles introduced - digital transmission methods, that converted voice into binary information; - the common standard - Global System for Mobile communicions (GSM), - SIM (subscriber s identity module) cards - the cards with the user's info, - the SMS (short message service), texting; - a change of a service provider without changing the handset. The second and half generation (2.5G) phones worked on the same network protocol as 2G, but the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) were added. These enable mobile phones to access certain websites. In addition, some 2.5 phones had coloured screens and cameras. The phones of the third generation (3G) are based on the acompletely new communication standard, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), with the broadband Internet access and multitasking. 3G smart phones are produced on the platform of the Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) with operating systems (OS) and the set of applications including multimedia, the GPS, providing financial transactions (making payments, selling stocks), s at any time (act as a modem), etc. The most common mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smartphones include Apple's ios, Google's Android, Microsoft's Windows Phone, Nokia's Symbian, RIM's BlackBerry OS and embedded Linux distributions such as Maemo and MeeGo. 4G phones are launched with an emphasis on a full high-speed Internet access via Wi-Fi and mobile broadband, a real-time television and radio, the diversity of applications. The developments include holophones, which project three-dimentional moving images of the owners and remote-control a car via your phone. Mobile phones are sure to have exciting future. a) Decide if these sentences are true or false. If they are false, correct them. - 1G phones had a slower transmission speed than 2G. - 2G phones introduced analogue technology. - GSM started to be used in the 80s. - Smart phones can be used for other purposes, e.g. as a personal digital assistant. - People won't be able to watch live TV on 4G phones. 51

11 b) Write the opposite of the verbs. 1 to turn on - to turn off/switch 5. to open - _ 2 to increase - _ 6. to fast forward - _ 3 to plug in - _ 7. to stop - _ 7.8 Complete the dialogue by opening the brackets and using the gerund. A. How do you switch the mobile on? B. By (press) the red button at the top. A. What s this button for? B. It s for (select) the menu. A. How do you enter names and numbers? B. By (use) the number keys. A. What s the knob for? B. It s for (call) the number that is displayed. A. How do you switch it off? B. OK, by (press) the red button at the top. the sentences. Two words are right, one is wrong. Which word is wrong? 1. Could you turn/switch/get the television (TV) on, please? 2. Did you watch/ look at/see the news last night? 3. He switched the TV on/in/off. 4. He used the remote control to change the station/channel/tv. 5. What s on telly/tele/tv tonight? 6. Could you record/make/video the football for me? I m out this evening, but I want to watch it when I get in. the sentences with the prepositions: away down off on out up 1. Can you pick _ my MP3? I dropped it on the floor. 2. Can you turn _ the radio? There is really good music program on in a minute. 3. When I switched _ the light, I couldn t see anything. 4. Can you please put _ the DVDs when you ve watched them. 5. She took _ her mobile phone and turned it on. 6. Can you turn _ the TV? It s too loud. Rewrite the sentences by using the object pronoun in brackets. 1. Please, put away that DVD. (it) 2. Can you turn up the music? (it) 3. Turn on the lights. (them) 4. He picked up the monitor. (it) 5. They put on their uniforms. (them) 6. Take off those dirty trainers. (them) 8. Mobile phones We can t imagine our life without mobile phones. Patented in the USA in 1975 as the breakthrough in the phone development, the technology was launched only in 1983 when the first commercial cell phone network was established. Since then mobile phones have changed into smart multitasking devices we can t live without. 50 maintain and repair electrical wiring, fixtures and control equipment. This includes troubleshooting when things go wrong. A lot of my work is outdoors. I work in all kinds of weather. Sometimes I work in very high places. During any working week, I use all of my personal protective equipment (PPE): a hard hat, safety glasses with side shields, safety shoes, safety gloves, hearing protection, safety harness (привязные ремни безопасности) and breathing apparatus. I also use a special insulating rubber matting. I can stand or sit on it when I work. It reduces the risk of shock. Electricity creates two main hazards. The first is electrocution. It electricity enters your body, it can burn your badly or kill you. The other hazard is a spark. Sparks are generally hazardous, but especially in the oil and gas industry. If there is a spark in an area with flammable gas, of course there can be explosion. I work very carefully and check everything. Is the electricity switched off? Am I using the right PPE? And other electricians check my work too. We look out for each other. Guess the meaning of highlighted words: hazards = risks, dangers; flame =fire. Check it with a dictionary. Would you like to do Carlos s job? Why/why not? Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about his job. Act as Carlos and fill the info about his job. 4. Listen to Sami describing his career path to become a Network Designer. Write what Sami was doing at different ages. 16 _ 20 _ 17 _ 23 _ 18 _ 25 _ Listen again. Answer the questions. 1. What subjects did Sami study at school? 2. What does a Service Technician do? 3. What did he like about his job? 4. What were his responsibilities at the exchange? 5. What qualifications did he have by the time he had been 20? 6. What did he learn when he joined the Network design department? 7. What did he study at university? 4.1 Write about your career path and hopes for the future Use prompts. 1 I left school when 4. By the age of, I started. 2. Following that, I 5. By the age of, I hope to 3. When I was 19 years old, I 6. Eventually, I would like to 11

12 4.2 Listen to the interview with Brian Jones, an Electronics Technician. Answer the questions. 1. How did he become interested in electronics? 2. Why did he like the lab work at college? 3. Why did he give up his repair business? 4. What is Marine GDPS and why is it important? 5. Why does he visit remote places? 6. Why is he not thinking about changing the job? Listen to the interview again. Write the interview s questions. Work in pairs. Compare your versions of questions. Role-play the interview. 5. Text My major is electrical engineering 5.1 Before reading the text answer the questions. 1. What does electrical engineering deal with? 2. Is it a popular branch of occupation in Russia? 3. What kinds of activities do engineers with the major in EEng. perform? 5.2 Guess the meaning of the words relying on synonyms. to comprise = to include diversity = variety to control = to run cutting-edge = advanced to transmit = to deliver = to pass CV/resume = the info for a job to recruit = to employ fiber-optics = the material for cables made of fiber optic 5.3 Read the text and do the tasks. 1. Electrical engineering - sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering - is an engineering field that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. It became an identifiable occupation in the late of the nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply. Traditionally electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and motor control, whereas electronic engineering comprises smallscale electronic systems including computers and integrated circuits. Recently the difference hasn t become so sharp by the growth of power electronics. Now this dynamic, hi-tech branch of engineering covers the range of fields including electric power and machinery, computers and electronics, communications and control. 2. Working in this direction you may have a specialized job doing anything from light and power to designing and installing new hardware platforms; conducting networking and automation; operating virtual enterprises, internet and fiber-optics. Typical work environments include production and manufacturing industries. There Satellite communications Use the notes of providing satellite digital video broadcast and the drawing to explain how the system works. 1. Launching the communications satellite. 2. Transmitting TV programs from TV stations to the satellite. 3. Receiving the digital signal from the satellite. 4. Installing your satellite dish and a receiving horn. 5. Connecting your dish to the receiving horn. 6. Converting high-frequency signals to low-frequency ones. 7. Processing the signal sent from the receiving horn via cables by a digital TV card. 8. Extracting the video and audio via the monitor and speakers. Ex.: First, it s necessary to launch the communications satellite. Or first, the communications satellite is launched. Then /next/after that/further on /finally 7.5 Grammar: the gerund (V+ ing) The gerund is used after some verbs: avoid, enjoy, risk, delay, spend time/money, suggest, mind - I enjoy using the GPS navigator. Avoid ignoring safety rules. prepositions - By clicking on the link you can move to another page. The gerund can function as a subject of the sentence. Propagating (transmitting) electromagnetic energy at radio frequencies was discovered by Tesla. an object - I like driving. an adverbial modifier (обстоятельство) - After installing the system they can watch 100 channels. 7.6 a) Read the article and express your for and against opinion about TV now. Use the gerund and the prompts. I like/enjoy I often feel like I look forward to... Instead of I don t mind I hate I object to I can t stand I insist on It depends on 7.7 a) Match the buttons to the functions 1. power switch A 2. fast forward _ 7. pause _ 3. rewind _ 8. record 4. play _ 9. volume 5. select _ 6. move up/down the menu _ 49

13 c) Read the text and answer the questions. 1. What type of broadcasting uses radio waves? 2. What problems were these with this system? 3. What is binary code? 4. How can TVs receive digital information? Name four routes. 5. Does a decoder have to be inside a TV? 6. What is the difference between an HDTV and a standard TV? Broadcasting When television first started, the system of broadcasting was analogue. This meant that a TV aerial received radio waves from the TV companies. These transformed into sound and images on the TV screen. At the time the system was revolutionary, but it wasn t perfect. It couldn t transmit many channels and the quality of the pictures was sometimes poor because of interference. For a long time there was only analogue TV, but at the end of the 1990s digital TV arrived. Digital TV doesn t use radio waves. Instead, it converts sound and images into binary code. This is a computer language which consists of 0 and 1 and broadcasters can use it to send a lot of information very quickly. This digital information arrives at TV via an aerial, a cable, a satellite dish or broadband. Then a decoder converts the information back to sound and images. Decoders are either inside a TV or computer or in a separate box, which is connected to it. Digital broadcasting is much better than the analogue system. Digital TV provides a better quality of picture and sound (because there is less interference) and allows broadcasters to deliver more channels. Picture quality is even better on a high definition TV (an HDTV) than on a standard TV, so viewers can enjoy cinemaquality pictures in their own home. d) Compare the technology that was in the past with the technology that is available now. watching films at home Ex.: In the past, people watched films at home on video cassettes. After that people mainly used DVDs. These days people often watch films online. listening to music communicating with friends photography e) Activate: answer the questions. 1. What type of TV is most common in your region - digital or analogue? 2. Where can you receive cable TV? What are the advantages of it? 3. What technology has your home got for receiving TV? 4. Which are more common in your area aerials or satellite dishes? are plenty of well-paid, cutting-edge jobs there, and the diversity of jobs allows you to choose the one that suits you best. 3. Electrical engineers must have at least a Bachelor's degree with the major in electrical engineering (a Bachelor of Science, a Bachelor of Engineering) for almost all entry-level engineering jobs. The next step in the career is to get the license of Professional Engineer. You have to get the upgraded professional skill and the required working experience. In the USA and Canada only a licensed engineer provides engineering work for public and private clients. 4. Companies seeking to recruit new graduates frequently take part in the "Milk round". This means they visit universities and colleges, invite students to attend presentations and conduct interviews with those who are interested in employment. There is competition to recruit the most able students. The "virtual milk round" is where this system of recruitment is provided over the Internet. 5. Your curriculum vitae (CV) is one of the most important documents presented to a potential employer. It lists academic achievements and work experience with relevant personal information. It must be written to hold the employer's attention and provide the essential information. Employers often ask applicants to supply a covering letter with their CV. This allows the applicant to go into more details as to why they are suitable for the job and they have the opportunity to address the employer on a more personal level Decide if the statement is a. true b. false c. ther is no information Electrical engineering (EEng.) deals only with large-scale electrical systems. EEng. offers the diversity of hi-tech jobs.electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy, while electronic engineers are dealt with using electricity to process information. A Bachelor of Engineering degree is enough for carrying out skillful engineering work. Which paragraph (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is the following idea about? It became an identifiable occupation in the late of the nineteenth century. Typical work environments include production and manufacturing industries. There is competition to recruit the most able students. Employers often ask applicants to supply a covering letter with their CV. Choose the answer for the question: Why is electrical engineering considered to be one of the most prestigious branches of engineering? It covers the range of hi-tech engineering fields. It s used for key industries. It s dynamic and it relies on science. It has a wide range of applications

14 Choose the sentence that reveals the main idea of the text. EEng., adopting the latest discoveries, contributes to technical progress. A Bachelor s degree in Engineering gives you a chance to find the well-paid job. It s easy to promote yourself and make a career working in the field of EEng. 6. Video Electrical engineering Richard Lan, a lecturer of Petroleum institute, is talking about responsibilities of engineers both working in the area of electrical engineering and ADAX company. 6.1 Guess the meaning of words. to install = to place to commission = to start working to assemble = to gather to maintain = to check regularly to modify = to improve associated = connected with 6.2 Watch the video and answer the questions. 1. What are general requirements for ADAX electrical engineers? 2. What departments of ADAX can they be employed? 3. What are control engineers responsible for? 4. Do the y work only in the control centres? 5. What devices do they use to provide control? 6. Where are the electrical engineers involved in power engineering? 7. Can they attain top positions? 6.3 Work in pairs. Ask questions to each other about each job profile. Watch the video again. Make short presentations for each direction. Use info from the table. Example: Control engineers remotely monitor the performance of equipment and provide solutions to problems as they arise to people on site without the engineer leaving the office. They use signal processors, micro controllers, PLCs. Engineers Responsibilities Equipment, devices, systems and duties Electrical design, install, generators, transformers, electric motors, operate, monitor, transmission lines and associated power maintain, fault-find equipment, power electronic devices; and repair; provide lighting and wiring in buildings and power generation, substations; devices used by electric utilities, control and such as switchboards, circuit breakers, fuses, transmission etc. Data communic assemble, position, label, install and all types of broadcast, microwave and satellite communication equipment; radar and 14 Wi-Fi 1. What is it? 3. Advantedes - LAN - more data can be sent - _ radio signals - _ can use connection - _ (60m) at the same time 2. How does it work? 4. Developments - uses radio waves - hotspots in _ - computer adapter translates data into _ - cities can provide _ - radio signal transmitted _ - _ receives/decodes signal - sent to _ Signals for communications can be transmitted over cables, radio (wireless), satellite links (a special form of wireless) and fiber optics. Cable, radio/tv and satellite communications use radio frequency (RF) spectrum. Fiber optics uses infrared (IR) or visible frequency energy. At very high frequencies (VHF) and above many circuits use satellites in a geostationary orbit, moving above the equator at the same speed as the Earth spins. 7.3 Television Words: broadcasting теле/радиовещание, транслирование; an aerial антенна, interference - радиопомехи Check the meaning of the highlighted words. a) Match them with the photos A-F radio waves aerial binary code satellite dish decoder interference b) Decide if words and phrases 1-6 connected with analogue TV (A) or digital TV (D)? 1. not many channels 4. worse picture quality 5. radio waves 2. not much interference 3. decoder 6. clear images 47

15 network protocol is the language or the set of the rules that computers use to communicate with each other. Networks use different protocols. The Internet uses TCP/IP. A modern router is a device that connect your computer or home LAN to the Internet. The main types of wireless networks are: - satellites - for long distances, - Wi-Max - for connecting Wi-Fi hotspots, - Bluetooth - for short distances, - GSM (Global system) - for mobile phones. 7.1 a) Choose the correct answers. 1. This type of network links computers in a small area such as a room or a building. a LAN b MAN c WAN 2. This type of network doesn t have a dedicated server, all the computers are independent. a peer-to-peer b client-server c Metropolitan Area Network 3. On this network topology all devices are connected to a central hub or a station, which redistributes the data. a bus b star c ring 4. This device connects your computer or a home network to the internet. a ASDL port b Ethernet c modem-router 5. The wireless technology that allows handheld devices and mobile phones to communicate over short distances is called a Wi-Fi b Bluetooth c Wireless LAN 6. The internet uses the _ protocol to transfer information. a TCP/IP b USB c ADSL 7 Which device serves as a common connection point for devices in a wireless network? a wireless access point b wired router c wireless adapter 7.1 b) Listen and repeat the words. modem router hub network connectors repeater gateway wireless network interface card bridge switch access point 7.2 Read the text about Wi-Fi technology and complete the notes. ations and control Computer systems Instrumen tation commission; design, develop, test install, repair and service Maintain, commission, install and modify 7. a) Match A with B to find out the qualities and skills that an employer looks for in an employee have be A a good attendance technical good communication an industry a good team a good decision well good at Do you have these qualities? Is it possible to develop them? B ability background record skills navigation systems; communication systems; electrical circuits, signal processors, micro controllers, PLCs (programmable logic controllers), control consoles. computers and associated equipment maker organized multitasking worker measuring devices, process-control and associated equipment 7. b) Study the list of things that are important for an employee in a job - opportunities for promotion - comfortable working conditions - a good salary and holidays - status and respect - interesting and satisfying work - fringe benefits (e.g. company car private health insurance) - colleagues I like - a fair and reasonable boss - training opportunities - job security Which ones will you choose for your future job? Numerate them in order of importance and compare your opinion with a partner. 8. Watch another video Electrical Engineers. Compare qualities and skills from the table with the video. Complete requirements the employers want the applicants to have according to the video They want the applicant to be able to follow technical manuals and diagrams, to have suitable knowledge of computer, electronics and safety equipment; to have an ability to solve problems, etc. Watch again. Act as the employer. Explain to a repoter the requirements for the employee in the firld of electrical engineering. 9. A Curriculum Vitae (CV) 9.1 Choose the correct word. In several cases both words are suitable. A job advertisement has to give an accurate (1) describing/description of the job and what the company needs and expects from the (2) applicant/application (the person 46 15

16 who is (3) applying/appalling for the job). These (4) requirements/requisitions might include (5) qualifications/qualities (academic, vocational or professional), (6) experience/experiences in similar lines of work, and personal (7) qualifications/qualities (for example, it might say that you need to be (8) practicing/practical, (9) professional/professorial and have a sense of humor). If somebody is interested in the job, they are usually asked to send their (10) resume/résumé with a (10) cover/covering letter. Alternatively, they might be asked to (11) fill in/fill out an (12) application/applicant form and (13) submit/send it to the company. The managers of the company will read these and then make a (14) short-list/small-list of the people to (15) attend/attempt an interview. At the same time, they will (16) reject/turn down those who are (17) unsuitable/unthinkable. 9.2 Read the article. Replace the numbered words and phrases with synonyms. 9.3 Have you ever written a CV? Curriculum Vitae Personal info Surname/first name Petersons Anna Desired employment Senior audio maintenance technician 1 Education Dates 6 _7 _ 2 Qualification 9 _ 3 Major/Subjects 8 _/studio equipment, digital audio technology, acoustics 4 Place 5 _ 5 Work experience Dates September present 1 _2 _ 6 Job 10 _ 4 _ 7 Main responsibilities Maintain digital audio equipment, make Repair video recordings, do troubleshooting and repairs, and DVD buy equipment equipment Company 11 _ 3 _ 9 Type of business Electronics, media Electronics New words are being created in Telecoms. Often they are made up of two parts. Match A with B. A B A B up- -space, -crime hard-, ad-, spy- -band down- -load, -grade, -date broad-, narrow- -byte e- -time, -load pod-, broad- -cast tele- -book,-mail, -commerce smart-, cell-, i- -ware cyber- -working, -coms kilo-, mega-, gigo- -phone 7.1 Read the text and do the task. a peer-to-peer network одноранговая сеть Wi-Fi wireless fidelity беспроводное воспроизведение TCP/IP Transfer Computer Protocol/Internet Protocol ADSL Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line асимметричная цифровая абонентская линия a repeater повторитель a router маршрутизатор a bridge мост a hub хаб, концентратор a gateway межсетевой шлюз/переход a hotspot активный участок a switch переключатель, коммутатор Think of other words with these openings and endings. Telecommunications In the modern age of technology telecommunications mainly mean transferring information across the Internet, via modem, phone lines or wireless networks. Networks are classified according to geographical area: PANs (Personal Area Networks) typically include a laptop, a mobile phone and a PDA; LANs (Local Area Networks) cover a building; MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks) cover a city; WANs (Wide Area Networks) cover a country or a continent. architecture: a client-server network - a computer acts as a server and stores and distributes information to the other clients; a peer-to-peer network - all the computers have the same capabilities that is, share files and peripherals without requiring a separate server computer. topology (shape=layout): star: there is a central device to which all the computers are directly connected. This central position can be occupied by a server, or a hub, a connection point of the elements of a network that redistributes the data. Bus: every computer is connected to a main cable called a bus. Ring: the computers are connected to one another in a closed loop configuration. There are also mixed topologies like the tree, a group of stars connected to a central bus. 45

17 Watch the video Better brands about the TomTom Go portable GSP navigator and answer the questions. 1. Why is it easy to use? 2. What options does a worry-free navigation provide? 3. What makes driving efficient, safe and enjoyable? a junction = a crossroads, a lane = a flow-line of a highway Useful language It s easy/comfortable/ relaxing to use (to navigate). It allows/affords/you to turn/stop/change the route/ not to waste much time. It lets you not miss a turn/listen to music. You are able to find the nearest fuel/police stations, hospitals. b) Study the survey of users comments (pros and cons) on the Garmin Nüvi 1450LMT 5 portable GPS navigator. Match the features with the benefits. Would you like to have the navigator? Why?/Why not? Explain your opinion. Compare it with your partner. Pros (for) Cons (against) Features Benefit (It scores 4.1 out of 5 stars) 1. 5" widescreen touch a. It displays speed limits for most - It s too long to update. major roads. display, 3D traffic; 2. text-to-speech and b. It informs you in advance of - Too many ads on the turn-by-turn voice upcoming lane changes and offers screen capture your attention, and you are realistic images of junctions. guidance, 3. lane guidance with c. It is easy to see and control required time to click and close them. photo real junction traffic. d. You can insert a removable - There are few details view, 4. automatic rerouting, media card with the additional (street names) on the 5. a speed limit map data to expand your maps when you zoom in. navigational ability. indicator, 6. travel assistant tools: e. It offers a handy reference when a world clock, currency shopping or dining abroad. and measurement f. It provides alternate travel converters and a directions in the event of a deviation from the directions calculator, 7. a micro SD media given. g. It s comfortable to keep your card slot. eyes on the road while navigating with convenient voice guidance. Useful language I can recommend to use it. The navigator is said to be effective. It s too long to set up/to adjust. It s reasonable enough to buy the brand. It seems not to be relied on. 7. Telecommunications 9.4 Listen to Anna s talking about her CV and fill in the gaps. From (1) _ until (2) _ I worked at (3) _ as (4)_. Then I left Comet and became a full-time student (5) _ in September From (6) 2005 to (7) 2006 I studied (8) _ Thames Valley. In 2006 I received (9) _. Then in September 2006 I started work as (10) _at (11). Listen again to check your answers. 9.5 Write the numbers from the CV to the questions to Anna. a. What type of business do you work in? b. Where are you working now? c. What s your job title? d. When did you join Omega Studio? e. What qualifications do you have in audio technology? f. Where did you study for your diploma? g. Where did you work before Omega studio? 9.6 Compare two adverts. Choose the one relevant to Anna s career plans, qualifications and work experience. Explain your choice Work in pairs. Act out Anna s interview. 9.7 Study Maria Quintana s CV. This is the standard form now. How is it different from Anna Peterson s CV? 9.8 Choose the job you would like to apply for from the advert of Power Technology Associates. Write your CV.

18 Power Technology Associates Inc. (781) Job ID is currently staffing positions for multiple clients in New England. Positions listed are with companies working on renewable energy technologies, including wind turbines, solar inverters, energy storage, intelligent utility power distribution. Similar positions are available nationwide. Contact: Rich Cardarella. POWER SUPPLY DESIGN ENGINEER High power/high voltage, AC/DC & DC/DC, microcontrollers, understand magnetics and thermal. TEST ENGINEER Build, commission and monitor test facility for medium voltage utility power systems/transformers 18 ENGINEERING MANAGER Manage HW and SW, lead design of power systems: inverters, control modules, thermal management. ENGINEERING MANAGER - GRID INTEGRATION Manage large team configuring, testing, installing megawatt Grid battery systems. Strong customer interface 10. A job interview 10.1 Listen to Nigel Bramwell who is being interviewed for the job. What typical questions does the interviewer ask? Listen again. Match the sentence beginnings (1-6) to the endings (a-f). 1. What sort experience a. for the job? 2. Do you mind if b. I m trying to avoid him. 3. I m looking for something c. do you have in this field? 4. What sort of salary would I d. I open the window? 5. Why do you think you d be good e. be looking at? 6. If I don t get this now, he might think f. a bit more challenging. Why was Mr. Bramwell turned down? How should he have behaved to get the job? 10.2 Study the guide to job interviews. Before the interview, DO - find out about the company and the job, - read the job advert carefully and think how your CV matches what they want, - prepare a list of the questions you think the interviewer will ask you, - prepare a list of the questions you would like to ask the interviewer. At the interview, DON T - dress untidily, - be late for the interview, - be rude or impolite, - talk negatively about your previous employer, - answer only Yes or No. Guess and act out his job interview in order to be accepted Read what two candidates said in the job interview and complete the interviwer s note. In pairs discuss who to your mind will get the job? bearing coordinates hearing position waypoint You What s your (1) _ now? Faisal My (2) _ are degrees by degrees. You How far is the next (3) _? Faisal Just 46 metres. You What s your (4) _? Faisal 347 degrees. But the correct (5) _ is 322, so I must go 24 degrees. 6.3 Listen to the trainer explaining to a trainee how to navigate using the GPS and complete the trainee s note. Before the trip Enter and save the coordinates of all (a) _. At the start of the trip 1. Turn on the GPS. 2. Wait until it receives signals from (b) _ satellites. 3. It shows the (c) _ of your position. 4. Select the first (d) _. 5. Follow (e) _. Work in pairs. S 1 reads the note. S 2 listens and helps if necessary. Then change the roles. 6.4 Grammar: The infinitive To+ the infinitive (to infinitive) is used after: the verbs (want, would like, decide, agree, offer, promise) to express purpose, decisions, plans. He decided to buy the navigator. I d like to have the most reliable model. the adjectives: important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, etc. It was impossible to say what happened. It s hard to remember everything. - too+ an adjective It is too late to continue the way. - an adjective+ enough It s important enough to use. The bare infinitive (without to) is used after: the verbs: let, make, expression would rather, had better. They let John test the car. You d better download regional maps. the modal and auxiliary verbs - You can get easy access to traffic info. He must be late. Join two sentences to form the infinitive of purpose (to+verb) 1. I use the GPS navigator. It helps me to navigate fast. 2. It receives signals from three satellites. It makes sure the coordinates of your position. 3. I read the data carefully. I want to get the position right. 4. I select GO TO. I will see the pointer on the screen. 5. I must follow the pointer to waypoint. I want to have the shortest and safe route. 6. Every Monday the maintenance supervisor checks the equipment. He makes sure that nothing is broken. 7. John phoned up the shop. He cancelled the order. 6.5 a) Garmin, TomTom, Magellan are three top car GPS navigator brands. 43

19 1. A submarine s pinger sends out a ping, or burst of sound, which is reflected back from ships in the sea. This allows the crew to find out the location of the ships (where). 2. A lidar (light detection and ranging) can work out the distance of a vehicle from the device. It takes many readings as the vehicle approaches. From this it can calculate the speed of the vehicle (how/far/fast). 3. An airport radar system sends out a sound signal, which is reflected from the approaching plane. Since the system knows the speed of the sound signal, it can calculate the distance of the plane from the airport tower. (how/fast/far) 6.2 The Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Words a latitude широта heading -азимут, в градусах a longitude долгота a bearing курсовой угол an altitude высота a waypoint - местоположение a) Match the words with (a-e) diagram. latitude longitude satellite receiver signal The GPS is a network of radiolocation/radionavigation that operates on worldwide basis. The system is used to find your exact position on the Earth and to navigate to other positions (waypoints). b) Link each set of sentences to make one sentence. You may omit, change or add words as required to form sentences describing of how the GPS works and its uses. 1. The GPS was developed by the US military. It was designed to pinpoint location. The locations could be anywhere in the world. 2. It consists of 24 earth-orbiting satellites. The satellites are 17,000 kms above the earth. 3. Each satellite broadcasts a coded radio signal. The signal indicates the time and the satellite s exact position. 4. The satellites have atomic clocks. The clocks are accurate to one second every 70,000 years. 5. A GPS receiver contains a microprocessor. The microprocessor compares signals. The signals are from at least three satellites. The microprocessor calculates the latitude, longitude and the altitude of the receiver. 6. The GPS has many uses apart from the military ones. The GPS can be used for orienting hikers. The GPS can be used for aiding the navigation ships. The GPS can be used for tracking cars, trucks and buses, for locating stolen cars. c) Look at the screen of this GPS receiver. What do the following mean? Complete the radio conversation with the words. 42 Use the pattern phrases. Module 2 Inventions and applications A. An AC power supply 1. Complete the missing info in the table. verb noun adjective a communicate c d e g i communication development discovery information invention knowledge b f h j 2. Choose the correct variant. Match inventors names with their inventions. Michael Faraday Tomas Edison Nicola Tesla a The first system of incandescent electric light and power; the phonograph, improvements to the telegraph, the telephone, motion pictures; the alkaline storage battery, the stock ticker, 1093 patents. The father of what we now call innovations. It means invention, research, development, and commercialization. b Electromagnetic induction, the electric motor. 19

20 c Rotating magnetic field principle, poly-phase alternating-current system, induction motor, alternating-current power transmission, coil transformer, wireless communication, radio, fluorescent lights and more than 700 other patents. Everyone uses a mobile phone to communicate these days, but when did they first become available? a 1950s b 1970s c 1980s Tim Berners Lee created the important modern system for communication, education, entertainment. What was it? a the World Wide Web b television c radio 3. Artonio Meucci Not all true inventors were fortunate to see their inventions in use. One of them was an unknown Italian, Artonio Meucci, who nearly invented the telephone before Alexander Graham Bell. Listen to the story of his life and answer the questions: 1. Where and when was Artonio Meucci born? 2. What places did he live? 3. What problems did he have in his live? 4. What did Meucci succeed in? 5 What reputation does he have today? 4. Look at the picture. Name objects that a. get electricity from wires; b. from batteries. The note: wires carry electricity, batteries store it. 5. Listen to the dialogue. What does Mr. Harris worry about? Match the exchanges and read out the dialogue. A B Hello? Is that the power company? I d like to report a fallen power line. Right outside my house. Yes, of course. My name is Ned Harris and my address is 44 Bell Crescent. Yes - a car hit the pole and that dragged the power line with it when it fell. I certainly do! It was the moment that all the lights went out. a Could I have your name and address, please? b Have you any idea what happened? c Do you know when all this happened? d Don t worry Mr. Harris we ll send somebody straight away. e I see. Where exactly is it? f Yes, it is. How can I help you? In pairs act out similar dialogue using the prompts: fire, power cut. 4. It can look straight ahead and move straight forward 5. It can detect walls and move away from them Robot can look ahead by/using/by using/ by means of a camera in its head 5.8 b) Act as a reporter to write the interview questions to possible answers of the inventor of the robot. 1. R: What? The inventor (I): It can ride a bicycle. R: How? I: It works by means of sensors and wireless technology. R:? I: By means of sensor in the frame of the bike. R:? I: By a sensor in its chest. R:? I: By using a camera. 5.9 Sophie has designed her own personal robot-servant. a) Listen and tick the features below that it has. 1. It looks loke Bred Pitt. _ 2. It looks like a cute little puppy. _ 3. It can do her homework. _ 4. It can tidy her bedroom. _ 5. It can play computer games with her. _ 6. It can serve drinks and heat up snacks for her. _ 7. It can put her make-up for her. _ 8. It can choose music to suit her mood. _ 9. It can choose clothes for her. _ 10. It can chat and tell her interesting gossips. _ b) In small groups design your own personal robot. Is there anything that you wouldn t like your robot to do? Each group present the robot to the class. Decide whose robot you like best and why. Ex.: I d like a robot to wake me up in the morning with a cup of coffee. I wouldn t like my robot to choose music for me, I prefer to choose music myself. 6. The positioning systems Match synonyms. transmit receive convent extract display operate get send take out change work show 6.1 a) What do these systems calculate? Choose the most important for each system. Distance, speed, location, height, depth b) Replace the phrases in italics with the words in the brackets. Mind the direct order in the sub clause (придаточном предложении). Ex.: All planes carry altimeters. They measure air pressure. From this reading the altimeter can calculate the height of the plane above sea level (how/high). the altimeter can calculate how high the planes are above the sea level

21 mechanical electric different mobile dangerous repeated specific compressed remote Robots are machines that are guided by (1) _ and electronic means. They carry out functions that may be (1) _, heavy-duty, unhealthy, or ones are (3) _ many times. Robots run on (4) _ motors, (5) _ air, sensors and computer systems. Some are fixed and others are (6) _. Some robots are operated by (7) _ control, as undersea or space exploration. Others are set up to do their tasks by a teach-and-repeat method. An operator teaches a robot a (8) _ job by moving the robot s arm through the (9) _ positions. Positioning data is recorded and stored in the robot s computer memory. 5.6 Write the headings for six texts about industrial robots. a Painting b Handling c Welding d Palletising e Finishing f Cutting Palletising means placing heavy things on a large wooden fame for storage. 5.7 a) Read the magazine article. Write the name of the devices Murata boy can do these things device location 1. It can stand in a vertical position on the bike 2. It can receive instructions an outside computer 3. It can detect changes in the surface of the road 40 B. The system of an AC supply 1. Generators and electric motors Watch the video and answer the questions. 1. What are the main parts of a generator/an electric motor? 2. What energy is converted by a generator /an electric motor? 3. How should a generator and an electric motor be rearranged to be interchangeable? 2. Read the text, answer the questions and do the tasks below. 1. What is electricity used for? 2. Where are step-up and step-down transformers placed in the transmission and distribution system? Why? 3. What functions does a power substation perform? 4. What electricity do domestic consumers get? Words 1. a step-up/down transformer повышающий/понижающий трансформатор 2. a transformer drum трансформаторная коробка 5. a bus шина 3. a feedback обратная связь 6. a grid распределительная сеть 4. a regulator bank батарея конденсаторов 7. a tap зд. oтвод The system of an AC supply Electrical power is a little bit like the air you breathe: you don't really think about it until it is missing. In many regions of the world, governments maintain an electrical network called a power grid that connects a variety of generators together with users. Electricity is used for heating, cooling, cooking, refrigeration, lighting, computation, entertainment. Electricity is generated at power stations. Now they are controlled by satellite with feedback in real time. It helps to prevent power surges and blackouts. A three-phase AC from the power stations is fed through step-up transformers to the high voltage (275kV, 440kV or 770kV) transmission lines- the grid and is transmitted around the country. High voltage reduces energy losses for long distances. It is transported to the local suppliers via transmission towers and overhead lines. The power supply then is stepped-down in stages at intermediate substations to 11 kv for plants; at distribution substations to V, 3-phase and to 240 V, 1-phase and is delivered to the domestic consumers. A power substation has the equipment such as transformers that step transmission voltages down to distribution voltage, a "bus" that splits the distribution power off in multiple directions, circuit breakers and switches that disconnect the substation from the transmission grid or from distribution lines when it is necessary. All power towers have three wires for the three phases. Many towers have extra ground wires running along the tops of the towers to prevent from lightning. 21

22 Regulator banks, regulating the voltage on the line, are located along the line either underground or in the air. Tree switches up toward the top allow a regulator bank to be disconnected for maintenance when necessary. A house needs only one of the three phases, so typically you will see three wires running down a main road, and taps for one or two of the phases running off on side streets. A typical house runs a set of poles with one phase of power and a ground wire. At each house, there is a transformer drum attached to the pole. It reduces the power supply to 240 volts that makes up normal household electrical service. The 240 volts enters your house through a typical watt-hour meter. 2.1 Choose the suitable word from the brackets. Then put the sentences in the correct order. a After the step-up transformer the current enters a (distribution/transmission) line. b Current is produced by electromagnetic induction in the (magnet/field coils) of a generator. c The current goes from the last step-down transformer to a (distribution/transmission) line. d The current leaves the power (grid/station) and enters the home. e Amperage is reduced and voltage is increased by a (step-up/step-down) transformer. 3. Grammar: The Passive Voice Am/are/is + V 3, was/were + V 3 The underlined verbs in the text above are used in the passive voice. Form the rule. (State if the subject is/is not the doer of the action) 3.1 Choose the best alternatives to continue the sentences. 1. I have a new camera. a. It was made in China b. People in China made it. 2. It s very small and compact. a. It fits in your pocket. b. It s fitted in your pocket. 3. This mobile has built-in camera. a. But I m not sure how it works. b. But I m not sure how it s worked. 4. There are many software packages for making 3D animation. a. People called one of the most powerful ones MAYA. b. One of the most powerful ones is called MAYA. 3.2 Use schemes. Practice using the verbs in the passive and explain: where and how the supplied voltage is changed during the transmission lines types of the lines during the route and supporting equipment used the function of drums/ the current is supplied to household devices Do you think robots will ever take over the world? c) the text SDR-4X King of the Dance Floor and mark if the statements are true or false: SDR-4X 1 is shaped like a human 2. is quite expensive 3. falls over a lot 4. can talk 5. can recognise all people by face and voice. Listen again and choose the correct variant. 1. The robot is _ centimeters tall. a 40 b 50 c It can be _ with much music and many lyrics. a downloaded b programmed c connected 3. Its _ built-in cameras detect any obstacles in its path. a four b three c two 4. Robot s feet contain special _, which allow it to walk and dance on an uneven surfaces. a batteries b sensors c connectors 5. It can recognise _ people by face and voice. a 10 b 13 c Its built-in cameras take digital images of people s faces and store them in its memory, while its _ microphones pick up people s voices file (register) them away. a 3 b 5 c The classification of robots Match the robot type with the correct definition. 1 _ Mobile robot 2 _ Cyborg 3 _ Automation 4 _ Flexible machine _ Android/ humanoid a Machine capable of independent operation following of predetermined series of behaviours, e.g. a cuckoo clock. b Flexible machine capable of moving and communicating with humans. c Humanoid having both organic and inorganic structures with some physiological similarity to humans. d Mobile robot of human proportions. e Versatile, programmable automation, e.g. an assembly robot Renumber the robot types 1-5 (1 - the most similar to humans, 5 - the simplest). 5.4 Watch three videos about robots. a) Define types of robots according to the above. What do the robots do? Robot Type Operations performed 1. A high speed robot hand 2. The robot violinist 3. Robots with a mind of their own Explain in your own words the operations performed: dribbling throwing grasping with tweezers pen spinning knotting a rope dynamic regrasping 5.5 Complete the text with the words

23 4.6 Sensors are widely used in industry. Match the sensor or measuring system (1-5) to the industrial applications (a-e). In small groups decide what the sensors are used to provide an oil-gas pipeline transportation. What do they detect? 5. Robotics Now robots are found in the workplace, at home, outer space, etc. Robots have five basic components: a sensory system (to function), a processor (a brain of a robot), a motor ( to provide physical power to move the structure), a power source and a movable structure. 5.1 a) Which of the following are examples of robotic equipment? a vacuum cleaner a decktop computer a car a battery-operated dog a cheese grater What features do robots have that other machines don t have? b) What are robots used for: ¾ in factories Ex. assemble car body panels. ¾ at home Robots can do household chores. ¾ in hospitals ¾ in the military Robots can defuse bombs. 5.2 Listen to a) the BBC progamm about a new robot exhibition at London's Science museum and answer the questions. 1. When was the word robot first used? When was it borrowed from? 2. How many cutting edge (the latest) inventions from Europe are presented at the exhibition? 3. What do one-armed robots do in car factories? 4. What does artificial intelligent mean? 5. What human features do robots have? 6. How do robots help people about the house? 7. What do people think about humanlike robots? creepy- вызывающий страх, отвращение b) the text Will robots take over the world? and do the True (T)-False (F)-There is no information (N) task. 1. Star Wars showed life in the 1980s. _ 2.One twentieth-century scientist thought that robots would replace human beings. _ 3. Robots are only used to do jobs which are dangerous for humans. _ 4. New robots in Lapan are being designed to resemble human beings. _ 5. Robots will replace doctors in many hospitals by _ 6. Many car workers are angry that robots have taken their job. _ 7. The military expert believes that robots will replace soldiers. _ 8. He mentions three disadvantages of robots over human soldiers. _ 3.3 Watch the video Transmission lines and write the verbs in the passive you ve heard. 3.4 Complete with the verb in the passive. Words: an incandescent lamp/bulb колба для лампы накаливания a filament нить накаливания tungsten вольфрам a discharge tube газоразрядная лампа to glow светиться 1.The first incandescent light bulbs _ (make) of glass with carbon filament. 2. In 1913 carbon _ (replace) with metal tungsten. 3. In incandescent lamps some of the electrical energy _ (give off) as heat instead of light. 4. Discharge tubes _ (invent) to make light without the bulb getting too hot. 5. In a fluorescent lamp inside is _ (coat) with a special substance that glows when rays from vapour strike it. 6. Different gases _ (add) to neon to create different colours. 7. Lasers produce a very concentrated, powerful beam of light and _ (use) to cut through metals. 3.5 Match the pictures with the sentences. Pay attention in the prepositions. 1 X is attached to Y. 2 X is suspended from Y. 3 X is mounted on Y. 4 X is connected to Y. Complete the sentences with the underlined

24 1. The huge cables of the Millau Bridge are _ steel pylons. 2. The pylons and the road deck are _ concrete piers (бетонные сваи). 3. Close the circuit switch. Now the lamp is _ the current. 4. The self is _ the wall with screws Rewrite the sentences changing the verbs from Active into Passive Voice and using by to mention who or what performs the action. Ex.: Mains electricity is converted to lower voltage by a transformer. Holography was invented in 1948 by Gabor, D 1. In 1938 a team of General Electric s scientists designed the first practical fluorescent lamp. 2. In 1976 Edward Hammer from General Electric (GE) proposed a spiral lamp. 3. GE launched spiral lamps only in Сompact fluorescent light bulbs (CFL) replace traditional incandescent light bulbs (using 75% less power, lasting 5-10 times as long, helping save people s money). 5. In 2012 new efficiency standards make traditional incandescent bulbs effectively obsolete (устаревшие). 6. In 1951 Charles Townes and co-workers: Alexander Prokhorov, Nikolai Basov, Joseph Weber proposed maser (Microwave Amplification of Stimulated Emission of Radiation). 7. In 1962 R. Hall created the semiconductor laser. 4. Write the enquiry (запрос) for the compact fluorescent light bulbs and a reply to it. Pay attention to the layout (The cap: From-To-Subject; the possible attachment; the main part: Dear Mr. N - the message Yours sincerely, signature).use the examples and the pattern phrases super mini half spiral CFL. Model T2-ESS02 2. mini candle shape/50-60hz. Model:EGL U energy saving lamp//7 mm tube. M.: T3- U03 4. reflector energy saving lamp. Model: R63 They are energy saving lamp (ESL) and have 10,000 h lifetime, 15 months quality warranty, excellent quality (the internet source). I saw your advert in I m interested in I d appreciate a reply asap. Thank you for your / request. Please find the in an attachment. Let us know if you need any more help a) Complete the sentences about the functions of the sensors with the verbs from the box. activate allow contain detect ensure give prevent provide report send 1. Current vehicles _ sensors and this number is continually growing. 2. These sensors _ vehicles to listen and react the environment around them. 3. Electronic sensors _ that new vehicles the safest cars on the road. 4. Quick-reaction crash sensors _ the airbags and the tension (давление) on the seatbelt. 5. Outside temperature sensors _ a signal when there is a risk of ice. 6. Engine management system sensors _ information on exhaust gas quality. 7. Seat occupancy detectors _ the passenger seat airbags from opening in the event of an accident if the seat is empty or if a child s seat is fitted. 8. Accelerators sensors _ if the vehicle is lifting off its vertical axis and if it needs to apply the brakes to one, two or tree wheels. 9. Height sensors _ approaching vehicles and automatically adjust the headlamps to prevent oncoming drivers from being blinded. 10. When combined with the GPS, sensors _ the driver his or her location. 4.3 b) There is the abstract from the conversation. Choose the correct word. 1. Not just the usual systems that activate/detect the light 2. We could use presence detectors to pick up/control other systems 3. a presence detector sets off/senses that everyone s left a meeting room 4. a temperature sensor picks up a positive detector/reading 5 the sensor detects/regulates sunlight and senses/triggers the blinds 6 we d use presence detectors and hea sensors to detect/regulate asa many system as possible. 4.4 In pairs describe the following automated systems. Sensor Parameter System 1. a presence detector movement light 2. a smoke detector smoke fire alarm 4.5 Listen to a Sales Rep who is talking about sensors that vacuum cleaner has. Note what they detect and how they do that. Sensors Notes dimension object cliff (снижение) wall dirt Listen again and check your answers. 37

25 4.2 Read the text and do tasks below a comparator - компаратор (сравнивающее устройство) a transducer - преобразователь, датчик to set off отправляться, выступать to trigger - запускать, вызывать Control systems The basic control system consists of input (the set) and output (the reset) signals, a comparator, a controller and a driven device with a transducer. The device producing the feedback signal is called a transducer. In a comparator the feedback and input signals are compared. The difference is the error that is supplied to the controller. This is the device, which causes a motor to cause the required output movement. A sensor is a type of transducer, a device that detects or senses a signal or a physical condition (movement, smoke, heat, etc.) and sends the data to a computer or a display. Most sensors are electrical or electronic. They are either direct indicating (e.g. a mercury thermometer or electrical meter) or are paired with an indicator (perhaps indirectly through an analog to digital converter, a computer and a display) so that the value sensed becomes readable. Sitting in a room, you might want to know its temperature looking at a digital display. The sensor either provides e.m.f. proportional to the temperature. An analogue signal is produced and it varies with the temperature. The small signal needs to be amplified by a linear amplifier and then it is applied to an A/D converter. The output from the converter it is applied to a logic controller, which samples the signal at regular intervals and the binary signal is fed to the display. Sensors are used in medicine, industry and robotics. 4.2 a) Answer the qustions. 1. What is a transducer? 2. What is comparator used for? 3. What do sensors detect? 4. What is the function of a logic controller? 5. How does the value sensed become readable? 4.2 b) In pairs tell each other how the diagrams (1) and (2) work, which of the following(3): a microphone, a thermostat, a flashlight, a security beam is not a sensor? Why? Two people are discussing an they need to write about printed circuit boards. Listen. Make notes on what they want to say. Then work with a partner to write the Plug and socket formats They can be different. The profile of the pins means the shape of the individual pins, i.e. a rectangular cross-section or a circular cross-section. A standard configuration stands for a uniform arrangement the same layout for all the plugs in the country. Words: 1. a pin штыревой контакт 5. a recess/recessed паз, ниша/ углублённый 2. a slot/to slot - прорезь, гнездо/прорезывать 3. a groove паз 6. rectangle/rectangular прямоугольник /-ный 4. a blade режущая пластина 7. circle/circular круг/круглый, кольцевой 5.1 Listen to the description of different electrical plug and socket formats and match the descriptions (1-6) to the pictures (a-f). 5.2 Complete the following phrases from the descriptions using adjectives bases on the words in the brackets. 1. there are circular (circle) pins for live and neutral. 2. the earth slot s got a flat base with one side _ (round) over to form a semi-circle. 3. This one has _ (rectangle) blades for live, neutral and earth 4. it has a _ (cylinder) slot to receive he earth pin. 5. the pins are arranged in _ (line) configuration. 6. they are laid out in _ (triangle) configuration. 5.3 Listen and underline the stressed syllable in each of the words. 25

26 rectangle rectangular triangle triangular cylinder cylindrical line linear 5.4 Listen to a longer description. Which picture a-f in 4.2 is mentioned? Complete the following extracts from the description using the correct form of the words in the box. flush with groove pin hole recess ridge set back 1. there s a circular slot at the top. It s obviously a blind hole, it doesn t go right through. 2. there are two plastic (2) _, one on either side of the plug casing, and they slot into corresponding (3) _ at each side of the socket. In addition, the centre of the socket is (4) _. So rather than being (5) _ the front of the socket, on the same face, the circular area that receives the plug is (6) _ from the surrounding casing 3. These covers only open when pressure is applied to both by the two (7) _ of the plug simultaneously. In pairs describe the different plug and socket formats in Listen to evaluating of a plug and socket format. Make notes of the advantages and disadvantages of the following features. 1. Plug slots into a recess in the socket: advantages _ /disadvantages _. 2. Covers protect live and neutral slots: advantages _ / disadvantages _. 5.6 In pairs discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the plug and socket formats in 5.2. Use the following phrases. 6. Power tools and their functions Words 1 welding - сварка 7 a grinder - шлифовальный/заточный станок 2 grinding - шлифование 8 a CNC (computer numeric control) bench - 3 drilling - сверление станок с программным управлением 4 a lathe - токарный станок 9 MIG (metal inert gas) welding equipment - 5 a saw - пила газосварочное оборудование 6 a rack - стойка, стеллаж 6.1 Read the info. A lathe a machine that shapes pieces of wood or metal by holding and turning their against a fixed cutting tool. A grinder - a power tool fitted with an abrasive disk that cut or shape metal and stone. An angle grinder is hand-held, and a bench grinder is mounted on a workbench. CNC systems are used to fabricate complex machine parts by allowing a computer to control the machine tools with great precision (точностью). 26 For a new type of a product to facilitate changeover it required long equipment reprogramming. A numerical-control machine tool is an example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each product type and the machine tool is controlled by the computer program. In flexible automation the number of products is limited, so the changeover of the equipment can be done quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another. The feedback principal is used in all automatic-control mechanisms when devices and machines have ability to correct themselves. They can start, stop, speed up, slow down, count, inspect, compare, measure, etc. Computers greatly facilitate the use of feedback in manufacturing processes. They can monitor and control the operation of the whole factory. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM) technologies make possible to develop and manufacture goods with required parameters. Industrial robots, originally designed only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now widely used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy things performing all the functions of a transfer machines. Many industries are highly automated or use automation technology in some parts of the operation. Railways are controlled by automatic signaling devices, which have sensors that detect carriages passing a particular point. In the telephone industry dialing and transmission are done automatically. 4 Control systems 4.1 Look at the alarm control panel and complete the instructions. Use the words. press open replace switches lock display top center right button small correct OK, are you ready? Turn the key at the bottom and (1) open the cover. There s a clock at the (2) _. Look at the clock and check the time is (3) _. There s also a (4) _ button at the top on the left. (5) _ the button. This (6) _ on the alarm. Now there s a key pad in the (7) _. Type in the code on the key pad. The code is Now look at the LCD (8) under the clock. If it says Ready, press the large (9) _ at the bottom on the (10)_. Close the cover, and (11) _ it with the key. That s it! Remember to (12) _ the batteries! 35

27 Module 3 Automation, control and telecommunications A. Automation 1. Fill in the forms. Mind the stress. Noun Verb Adjective activation amplification amplified integration reception receptive modulation conversion generation 2. Listen to the following words, repeat them 1. laptop mobile 4. photo 5. gadget 6. homepage 7. website 8. access When information is transmitted electrically, the relevant energies are contained in signals. They are either analogue or digital signals. Analogue signals are often distorted. Digital ones, which come in two forms ON and OFF, remote distortion. Transmission systems operate only over a limited range of frequencies. The range of satisfactory operation is called bandwidth (пропускная способность). Modulation permits us to change the frequency of operation to have a number of signals being transmitted in a system at one time. 3. Read the text and answer the questions. Automation 1. What was the first step of automation? 2 What is fixed automation? 3. What are advantages of flexible automation? 4. What are industrial robots designed for? 5. What is the feedback principle? 6. What industries use automation technologies? to facilitate облегчать, содействовать a feedback обратная связь a changeover переход, переналадка Automation (A) is performing certain tasks by machines only. The sequences of operations are controlled automatically, and automatic devices can operate independently of human control. Such devices as automatic pilots, automatic telephone equipment, automated control systems are used to perform various operations much faster and better than could be done by people. Automated manufacturing had several steps in its development. Mechanization made possible to design and build specialized motorized machines that had better efficiency and resembled the motions of the worker. Single automated operations followed by completely automated processes programmed to make first only certain processing operations, then specialized products (fixed automation). MIG welding a semi-automatic welding process in which a continuous wire electrode and a special gas are fed through a gun. 6.2 Match each function (1-6) with a picture (a-f). Match each function with a power tool or tools in a workshop. 1 grinding 2 cutting 3 welding 4 designing 5 turning and shaping 6 drilling a b c e f Power tools Function A table saw A bench grinder A drill press A CNC bench A welding an cutting bench MIG welding equipment Oxy-acetylene equipment 6.3 Unscramble the names of the portable power tools. redgirn llird was 6.4 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Ex.: S 1 What do you do with oxy-acetylene equipment? S 2 We weld and cut metal. 7. Welding in a workshop 34 27

28 7.1 Match the names with the parts. Answer the questions: 1. What gases are used for this welding? 2. Does the process cause any hazards? 3. How does personal protective uniform help a welder to avoid failures? turbine when the wind reaches about five meters per second. The controller continuously monitors conditions of the turbine. If the wind reaches storm force, about 25 meters per second, the controller closes down the turbine to prevent damage. 9.9 a) 9.9 b) 7.2 Read the text and answer the questions. Oxy-acetylene welding is one of the oldest, frequently used in a workshop, welding and metal cutting processes, when a torch mixes gas acetylene with oxygen to create extremely hot flame called arc (дуга). The arc melts the pieces of metal and they join. Welding makes smoke, sparks and arc rays. The operation requires electricity and causes hazards: can shock and burn a welder. They wear helmets for eye and head protection. Leather shoes and gloves help them to protect hands and feet. 7.3 Listen to the health and safety officer talking to a team of welders and pipe-fitters. a) Number the welding b) Match each hazard a-f hazards in order you hear them. with a precaution 1-6. a gas cylinders _ 1. Weld dry. b arc sparks _ 2. Always move it safety. c arc rays _ 3. Cover up skin and eyes. d smoke _ 4. No pockets. e electric shock _ 5. Know the material we re welding. f trips and falls _ 6. Keep the work area clean and tidy. c) Listen again. Tick the pieces of safety equipment you hear. 1. safety glasses _4. respirator _ 7. gloves _ 10. ear protection _ 2. welder s helmet _5. cotton trousers _ 8. boots _ 11. safety harness _ 3. leather shoes _6. welding jacket _ 9. face guard_ 12. ventilation system_ 7.4 Work in small groups. Act out the roles of the instructor and a traineewelder on the safety exam. Ask and answer questions about welding safety rules. Possible questions - Can you name main hazards during welding operations? Can arc rays/sparks/smoke cause problems? What must welders do to stay safe? What do they wear to protect their faces/hands/feet? What should they check before moving the cylinders? 10. The project work You should make the project of providing electricity for local needs in the highland suburb in the south of Russia using either wind or solar energy sources. Work in groups of designers, experts, etc. Discuss and compare both variants according to the location, technological schemes and cost. Pay attention to the fact that renewable energy sources are small, usually embedded into the distribution network more/less reliable This is as expensive to build as that one

29 1 What is the world s tallest wind turbine? about _ m a. 100 b. 180 c What is the world s highest turbine? about_ m a b c What is the minimum wind speed for a large wind turbine?. about _ km/h a 15 b. 20 c What is the maximum wind speed for a large wind turbine? about _ km/h a. 45 b. 70 c. 90 Listen to this radio programme and check your answers. 9.7 Match the components 1-8 with the function a-h with the help of this diagram. 1 a hub a transfers power to generator 2 blades b links the blades to the lowspeed shaft 3 a gear transmission c contains the main components 4 a high-speed shaft d stops the turbine 5 a generator e capture the wind energy 6 a housing (nacelle) f increases the speed of the shaft 7 a brake g relays power to gear transmission 8 a low-speed shaft h produces electricity. 9.8 Read the text Wind power, check your answers and do the tasks below. Words: 1. a blade лопасть 5. a nacelle корпус 7. a yaw поворот 2. a shaft вал 6. a vane флюгер 8. a brake тормоз 3. a hub втулка несущего винта 9. torque крутящий момент 4. a gearbox коробка передач Wind power is non-polluting and can be used to drive wind turbines. Wind farms consisting of number of turbines are constructed both on the high ground and offshore. Wind speeds increase with height, so turbines are mounted on towers meters in height. The rotor blades capture the wind and transfer its power to the rotor hub, which is attached to the low-speed shaft of the turbine. Each rotor blade measures about 27 meters in length and is designed like an aeroplane wing. The rotor rotates slowly at about 30r.p.m. The nacelle, the casing at the top of the tower, contains the most important components including the gearbox, a generator and a сontroller (computer). The low-speed shaft transmits power from a hub to the gearbox. It increases the speed of the rotor shaft by about drives 50 times. The high-speed shaft drives the generator. It has a mechanical disc brake for emergency. The generator produces electricity. On a large turbine the power generated is between 60-3,000 KW and it is sent by cable to the national grid. The anemometer and wind on the top of the housing measure the speed and direction of the wind respectively and send this information to the controller. It activates the motor, which turns the rotor into the wind. It starts the Fiber lasers for industrial welding, cutting 8.1 Complete the following tips of emphasizing technical advantages, using the words in the box. conventional eliminated enhanced reduced superior When describing technical advantages, it s useful to emphasize: a (1) _ performance, compared with the older model of the same product; b negative issues that have been (2) _, or completely (3) _; c special features that differentiate the technology from (4) _ systems; d performance level that make the technology (5) _ to the competition. 8.2 Read the text and answer the questions. 1. Why are they called fiber lasers? 2. Where are they used? 3.Who got the Nobel prize for invention? 4. What new opportunities do fiber lasers provide? 5. Where can they be installed? 6. What is latest laser invention? Fiber lasers A fiber laser is a laser (light amplification of stimulated emission of radiation), in which the active medium is an optical fiber doped with ions of rare-earth elements such as erbium, neodymium, and ytterbium. They are available in pulsed or continuous wave mode of operation. Fiber lasers are now the industrial standard for laser cutting, welding, marking and engraving (гравировка) applications covering industrial, defense, aerospace, biomedical, telecommunications and research areas. In 1967 Morton Panish and Izuo Hayashi at Bell Labs (the USA) proposed basic requirements for such lasers. In 1970 they and Zhorez Alferov (Russia) at the Ioffe Institute, demonstrated the invention. Later they got the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery. Using very powerful beam of light (up to ten times more energy efficient than traditional CO 2 lasers), lasers are easily manipulated by robots allowing a number of 3D applications and faster processing across a wide range of materials. Now these lasers are mainly used in telecommunications, where the signal transmitted over long distances (such as over the ocean) must be amplified along the way. They have no optics to adjust or align and no lamps to replace. Maintenance is minimal and so utilization and up-times are maximized. Fiber laser are really designed as shop floor industrial tools. The latest laser invention is creating by American researchers the tiniest laser that is tinier than a protein molecule of 5nm wide. Using light instead of electrons to process information will lead to more power efficient superfast computers, advanced sensors and imaging. 29

30 8.3 Watch the video about faber lasers. In the table below tick the mentioned advantages of this technology. Form antonyms of highlighted words. stainless steel нержавеющая сталь a distortion rate степень искажения brass латунь, doped легированный coiled спирально свёрнутый Advantages 1 2 Antonym - high optical quality and reliability - greater energy efficiency, high output - high welding speed - specially optimized for cutting - easy to use - easy to integrate - a small heat-affected zone (HAZ) - a low distortion rate - processing across a wide variety of materials: metals and non-metals - a variety of applications - a compact size, can be bent and coiled to save space - can be installed on the cutting table - a long maintenance cycle, extended lifetime - eliminated maintenance cost 8.4 In small groups tell about the laser application you consider the breakthrough (прорыв) in: information technologies medicine entertainment everyday life. 9. Renewable energy 9.1 Match the words (1-6) with their definitions (a-f) 30 Words: 1. to deplete обеднять 3. to embed внедрять 2. diminish убывать 4. emission излучение 5.nuclear fission деление атомного ядра Over 80 per cent of the world s electricity is generated from conventional methods - fossil fuels or by nuclear fission. Some countries are no longer selfsufficient in energy and are net importers of natural gas. The need both to conserve diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which are harmful for the environment and health, is leading to a rapid development of renewable technology. Renewable energy is not depleted by continuous use and origin of its sources is either in the sun or in gravitational effects of the moon and the sun. 9.2 Match the source with the kind of energy. Advantages Disadvantages a the movement of the sea 1 hydroelectricity b running water in a river 2 wind power c energy from the sun 3 wave power d energy from the wind 4 solar energy 9. 3 Listen to two friends talking about energy and number the pictures (1-4) in the order they mention them. Listen again. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of energy? 9.4 Watch the video Alternative energy and answer the questions. 1. What kinds of energy do turbines/panels/dams use? 2. Where is tidal /geothermal/biomass energy in demand? 3. What variety of biomass is mentioned? 4.What kinds of renewable energy are best for Russia? 9.5 Solar energy Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed to generate DC from sunlight. Then it s converted by inventor to AC and can be immediately used by a consumer or stored in rechargeable batteries (like the ones in cars) or fed into the power grid and sold to the electric company. Therefore, solar PV systems can be stand-alone or gridconnected. a) Watch the video How the solar energy is used for generating electricity. Explain the chain: DC AC the user the grid. Does it work well? 9.6 Wind energy Try this quiz. 31