PROGRAMSKA PODRŠKA U TELEVIZIJI I OBRADI SLIKE. DVB signalne informacije

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1 PROGRAMSKA PODRŠKA U TELEVIZIJI I OBRADI SLIKE DVB signalne informacije

2 Hijerarhija MPEG-2 TS Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 2/21

3 Sinhronizacija ES Postoje dva tipa vremenskih markera: Prvi tip markera su tzv. referentni vremenski markeri (reference time stamps) koji nose informaciju o tekućem vremenu kodera. Ove markere definišu PES, PS i TS sintaksa. DVB sistemi koriste TS sintaksu za slanje referentnih vremenskih markera. Zaglavlje TS paketa može sadržati PCR polje koje nosi ovu informaciju. Drugom tipu vremenskih markera pripadaju Decoding Time Stamp (DTS) i Presentation Time Stamp (PTS). Ovi markeri su vezani uz sadržaj na koji se odnose i nalaze se u zaglavlju PES paketa. Nose informaciju o vremenskom trenutku kada je potrebno dekodovati i prezentovati sadržaj na koji se odnose (obično video ili audio). Za sinhronizaciju TS strimova na prijemnoj strani neophodno je poznavati trenutnu vrednost oba tipa vremenskih markera. PTS i DTS su blisko povezani sa PCR: izražavaju se u istim jedinicama i računaju od istog vremenskog trenutka. Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 3/21

4 Signalne Tabele Kako dekoder prepoznaje koji TS paketi iz MPTS sadrže PES koji pripadaju jednom DTV servisu? Da bi se prijemnoj strani omogućilo da poveže PID vrednosti sa odgovarajućim DTV servisima sadržanim u TS, zajedno sa PES paketima u istom TS se prenose i specijalni kontrolni strimovi koji sadrže tzv. signalne tabele (Signalling Tables). Ove tabele nose podatke o svakom od DTV servisa koji se prenosi unutar TS. Signalne tabele se prenose kao zasebni tokovi podataka unutar TS, multipleksirani zajedno sa ostalim TS paketima. Tabele (nazvane Program Specific Information (PSI) u MPEG-2 standardu) se sastoje od opisa ES koje treba kombinovati da bi se dobio određeni DTV servis, kao i od opisa samih DTV servisa. Svaka PSI tabela je sadržana u jednoj ili više PSI sekcija (PSI Sections). Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 4/21

5 MPEG-2 Sekcije PSI sekcije su definisane MPEG-2 standardom i u suštini specificiraju strukturu kojom se tabele predstavljaju pre nego što će biti zapakovane u TS (slično kao što se ES prvo pakuju u PES). PSI sekcije mogu biti promenljive dužine. Signalne tabele predajnik šalje periodično, pakovanjem i multipleksiranjem odgovarajućih sekcija u TS. Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 5/21

6 Podela MPEG-2 sekcija Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 6/21

7 Tabele i sekcije Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 7/21

8 MPEG-2 Signalne Tabele NIT Network Information Table sadrži informacije o mreži koja emituje TS multipleks kojem pripada i dati DTV servis (npr. Sky, PREMIERE, Canal+, itd.). Tabela između ostalog sadrži i informaciju o nosećim frekvencijama na kojima mreža poseduje transpondere. Predefinisana PID vrednost TS paketa koji nose NIT sekcije je 0x0010. PMT - Program Map Table - definiše listu PID vrednosti TS paketa koji sadrže PES (npr. video, audio, teletext) pridružene određenom programu. PAT Program Association Table sadrži listu PID vrednosti TS paketa sa PSI tabelama (tzv. PMT tabele) koje u sebi nose podatke o DTV servisima koji se emituju na tom transponderu (frekvenciji). PAT se uvek šalje u TS paketima sa predefinisanim PID-om koji ima vrednost 0x0000. CAT Conditional Access Table koriste se kod zaštićenih DTV servisa. Definišu tip kriptovanja i PID vrednosti TS paketa koji sadrže informacije neophodne za dekriptovanje sadržaja. CAT sekcije su sadržane u TS paketima koji imaju PID vrednost 0x0001. DCM-CC - Digital Storage Media Command and Control ove tabele u sebi sadrže komande koje se šalju prijemniku. U pitanju je protokol koji koristi client-server model komunikacije i koji se koristi za kontrolu prijema. Protokol između ostalog obezbeđuje funkcije koje su uobičajene za video kaset-rekorder kao što su ubrzano premotavanje unapred i unatrag, pauza, itd. Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 8/21

9 PAT i PMT Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/2016 9/21

10 Primer: sekcija PAT tabele Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

11 PMT tabela Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

12 Pregled osnovnih PSI tabela Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

13 Primer TS multipleksa Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

14 Veza između MPEG-2 PSI tabela i TS multipleksa Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

15 DVB signalne tabele DVB standard proširuje skup signalnih tabela uvodeći tzv. tabele sa servisnim informacijama (Service Information Tables SI tables). Ove tabele nose informacije o DTV servisima sadržanim u MPTS i posmatranim kao logičke celine, a ne kao skup PES. Neke od važnijih SI tabela definisanih DVB standardom: SDT - Service Description Table daje nazive i druge detalje o servisima (PID = 0x0011). BAT - Bouquet Association Table grupiše servise u logičke celine (npr. sport, muzika, filmovi, itd.) EIT Event Information Table sadrži detalje o rasporedu emitovanja programa (PID = 0x0012). Od svih MPEG-2 i DVB sekcija jedino EIT sekcije mogu biti duge 4098 bajta. TDT - Time and Date Table sadrži informaciju o vremenu emitovanja servisa (PID = 0x0014). Osim sekcija definisanih MPEG-2 i DVB standardom, dozvoljeno je i emitovanje tzv. privatnih sekcija (Private Sections) čiji je format poznat samo emiteru servisa i prijemnoj strani kojoj su sekcije namenjene. Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

16 Učestanost emitovanja signalnih tabela Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

17 Ilustracija hijerarhije PSI/SI tabela Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

18 Hijerarhija DVB TS (1/3) Diskretizacija, kvantizacija Digitalizacija Kodovanje (npr. MPEG-2) GOP Frame1 (I,P,B) FrameN (I,P,B) Macroblock1 MacroblockN Macroblock1 MacroblockN Block1 Block2 BlockN Block1 Block2 Block3 Block1 Block2 BlockN Block1 Block2 BlockN MPEG-2 ES Paketizacija ES PES PKT1 PES PKT2 PES PKT N MPEG-2 PES TS Paketizacija TS1 PKT1 TS1 PKT2 TS1 PKT N MPEG2 TS (188 bajta) Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

19 Hijerarhija DVB TS (2/3) Video Audio 1 Audio 2 MPEG PSI SPTS Paketizacija TS1 PKT1 TS2 PKT1 TS1 PKT N MPEG SPTS Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

20 Hijerarhija DVB TS (3/3) Servis 1 Servis 2 Servis N DVB SI MPTS Paketizacija TS1 PKT1 TS2 PKT1 TS1 PKT N DVB MPTS Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

21 Sadržaj demultipleksiranog TS DVB receiver NIT PAT CAT PMT BAT SDT EIT TDT TOT RST ST Multiprotocol encapsulation Private Section DVB (object carousel) DSM-CC (object carousel) DSM-CC (private data) DVB (data carousel) DSM-CC (data carousel) Audio Video Closed Captioning Asynchronous Data Streaming Synchronous Data Piping Registered private Services (EN [1] annex A) Program Specific Information (PSI) Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) Header Payload Legend Transport Stream MPEG DVB DSM-CC Programska Podrška u Televiziji i Obradi Slike E1 2015/ /21

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