DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS"

Candace Merritt
6 years ago
Views:

1 DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS A SYSTEMS APPROACH THOMAS L. FLOYD PEARSON Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Säo Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

$CONTENTS INTRODl ACTION 1\1 DIGITAL SYSTEMS 1 1-1 Digital and Analog Signals and Systems 2 1-2 Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms 7 1-3 Logic Operations 14 1^4 Combinational and$

2 CONTENTS INTRODl ACTION 1\1 DIGITAL SYSTEMS Digital and Analog Signals and Systems Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms Logic Operations 14 1^4 Combinational and Sequential Logic Functions Programmable Logic Fixed-Function Logic Devices A System Measuring Instruments 30 0Ш. NUMBER IONS, AND CODES The Decimal Number System The Binary Number System Decimal-to-Binary Conversion Binary Arithmetic l's and 2's Complements of Binary Numbers Signed Numbers Arithmetic Operations with Signed Numbers Hexadecimal Numbers Octal Numbers Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Digital Codes Error Detection Codes 94 LOGIC GATES AMD GATE COMBINATIONS Introduction to Boolean Algebra The Inverter The AND Gate 119 3^1 The OR Gate The NAND Gate The NOR Gate The Exclusive-OR and Exclusive-NOR Gates Gate Performance Characteristics and Parameters Programmable Logic Troubleshooting 153

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC 173 4-1 Basic Combinational Logic Circuits 174 4-2 Boolean Expressions and Truth Tables 178 4-3 DeMorgan' s Theorems 185 4^1 The Universal Property of NAND and NOR Gates 187 4-5

3 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC Basic Combinational Logic Circuits Boolean Expressions and Truth Tables DeMorgan' s Theorems 185 4^1 The Universal Property of NAND and NOR Gates Pulse Waveform Operation Combinational Logic with VHDL and Verilog A System Troubleshooting 204 FUNCTIONS OF COMBINATIONAL i 5-1 A System Half and Full Adders Parallel Adders Ripple Carry and Look-Ahead Carry Adders Comparators Decoders Encoders Code Converters Multiplexers (Data Selectors) Demultiplexers Parity Generators/Checkers Logic Functions with VHDL and Verilog Troubleshooting 273 LATCHES, FLIP-FLOPS, AND TIMERS A System Latches Flip-Flops Flip-Flop Operating Characteristics Timers Bistable Logic with VHDL and Verilog Traffic Signal Control System with VHDL and Verilog Troubleshooting 331 SHIFT REGISTERS A System Basic Shift Register Operations Types of Shift Registers 356 7^4 Bidirectional Shift Registers Shift Register Counters 368

7-6 Security System with VHDL and Verilog 374 7-7 Troubleshooting 377 COUNTERS 392 8-1 A System 393 8-2 Finite State Machines 395 8-3 Asynchronous Counters 397 8-4 Synchronous Counters 404 8-5

4 7-6 Security System with VHDL and Verilog Troubleshooting 377 COUNTERS A System Finite State Machines Asynchronous Counters Synchronous Counters Up/Down Synchronous Counters Cascaded Counters Counter Decoding Counters with VHDL and Verilog Troubleshooting 425 PROGRAM MAM,E LOGIC Simple Programmable Logic Devices (SPLDs) Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) Macorocell Modes Field-Programmable Gage Arrays (FPGAs) Programmable Logic Software Boundary Scan Logic Troubleshooting 479 MEMORY AND STORAGE Memory System Hierarchy Semiconductor Memory Basics The Random-Access Memory (RAM) The Read-Only Memory (ROM) Programmable ROMs The Flash Memory Memory Expansion Special Types of Memories Magnetic and Optical Storage Troubleshooting 545 DATA TRANSMISSION Data Transmission Media Methods and Modes of Data Transmission Modulation of Analog Signals with Digital Data Modulation of Digital Signals with Analog Data 572

11-5 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 579 11-6 Effects of Transmission Media on Data Quality 584 SIGNAL CONVERSION AND PROCESSING 598 12-1 A System 599 12-2 Converting Analog Signals to Digital 604

5 11-5 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing Effects of Transmission Media on Data Quality 584 SIGNAL CONVERSION AND PROCESSING A System Converting Analog Signals to Digital Analog-to-Digital Conversion Methods Digital-to-Analog Conversion Methods Digital Signal Processing The Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 629 DATA PROCESSING AND C< NT] >L The Basic Computer System Practical Computer System Considerations The CPU: Basic Operation The CPU: Addressing Modes The CPU: Special Operations Operating Systems and Hardware Programming Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems 680 BUSES, NETWORKS, AND INTERFACING Bus Basics Bus Interfacing Parallel Buses The Universal Serial Bus (USB) Other Serial Buses Network Topologies Network Protocol Technologies 723 APPENDICES Appendix A Conversions 739 Appendix В Security System Component Programs 741 ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 745 GLOSSARY 773 INDEX 785

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN UNIT I (2 MARKS)

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN UNIT I (2 MARKS) 1. Convert Binary number (111101100) 2 to Octal equivalent. 2. Convert Binary (1101100010011011) 2 to Hexadecimal equivalent. 3. Simplify the following Boolean function