Lesson 07: Ultrasound Transducers. This lesson contains 62 slides plus 16 multiple-choice questions.

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1 Lesson 07: Ultrasound Transducers This lesson contains 62 slides plus 16 multiple-choice questions. Accompanying text for the slides in this lesson can be found on pages 33 through 42 in the textbook:

2 Ultrasound Transducers

3 Ultrasound Transducers

4 Ultrasound Transducers THE NUMBER OF ACOUSTIC LINES IN A REAL TIME IMAGE: PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY FRAME RATE

5 Ultrasound Transducers ACOUSTIC LINES = PRF FRAME RATE PRF FRAME RATE = ACOUSTIC LINES 1000 Hz 10 Hz Hz 20 Hz Hz 10 Hz Hz 20 Hz Hz 10 Hz Hz 20 Hz 100

6 Ultrasound Transducers ACOUSTIC LINES = PRF FRAME RATE DISPLAY DEPTH PRF CHANCE OF DEPTH AMBIGUITY FRAME RATE ACOUSTIC LINES Increase Decrease Decrease - - Decrease Decrease Increase Increase - Increase Increase Decrease Decrease Increase

7 Flat-linear array PHOTO OF LINEAR ARRAY CONVENTIONAL LINEAR ARRAY

8 Flat-linear array PHOTO OF LINEAR ARRAY LINEAR ARRAY SLICE PATTERN

9 Flat-linear array

10 Flat-linear array CONVENTIONAL LINEAR ARRAY FETAL IMAGE

11 Flat-linear array CONVENTIONAL LINEAR ARRAY BREAST IMAGE

12 Flat-linear array UMBILICAL CORD WITH COLOR DOPPLER

13 Flat-linear array

14 Flat-linear array

15 Flat-linear array

16 Flat-linear array TRANSMIT FOCAL ZONES THYROID AND LEFT CAROTID

17 Flat-linear array MULTI-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR ARRAY ELEMENT CONFIGURATION

18 Flat-linear array

19 Flat-linear array (Steered) STEERED LINEAR ARRAY VASCULAR IMAGE

20 Flat-linear array PROSTATE

21 Curved-linear array (convex array) PHOTO OF CURVED-LINEAR ARRAY

22 Curved-linear array (convex array) CURVED-LINEAR ARRAY ELEMENT CONFIGURATION

23 Curved-linear array (convex array) CURVED-LINEAR ARRAY SLICE PATTERN

24 Curved-linear array (convex array)

25 Curved-linear array (convex array) LIVER AND RIGHT KIDNEY

26 Curved-linear array (convex array) ABDOMEN WITH COLOR DOPPLER

27 Curved-linear array (convex array)

28 Curved-linear array (convex array)

29 Curved-linear array (convex array) FIBROID UTERUS

30 Curved-linear array (convex array) LIVER HEPATIC VESSELS

31 Curved-linear array (convex array) ASCITES

32 Curved-linear array (convex array) ENDOVAGINAL PROBE

33 Sagittal scan planes TRANSABDOMINAL PROBE ENDOVAGINAL PROBE

34 Curved-linear array (convex array) ENDOVAGINAL UTERUS

35 Curved-linear array (convex array) PROSTATE IMAGE

36 Curved-linear array (convex array) NEONATAL BRAIN IMAGE

37 Curved-linear array (convex array) HANDHELD ULTRASOUND SCANNER

38 Phased array PHOTO OF PHASED ARRAY

39 Phased array

40 Phased array PHASED ARRAY SLICE PATTERN

41 Phased array

42 Phased array ABDOMEN

43 Phased array FETAL HEAD

44 Phased array

45 Phased array ENDOVAGINAL UTERUS

46 Phased array

47 Phased array CARDIAC IMAGE

48 Phased array TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

49 Phased array PROSTATE IMAGE

50 Vector array PHOTO OF VECTOR ARRAY

51 Vector array VECTOR ARRAY SLICE PATTERN

52 Vector array ABDOMEN

53 Vector array HEART, 4-CHAMBER VIEW

54 Vector array CAROTID ARTERY

55 Mechanically steered

56 Mechanical wobbler

57 Mechanical wobbler SINGLE-ELEMENT ANNULAR ARRAY

58 Mechanically steered HEPATIC VEINS

59 Mechanically steered

60 Mechanically steered EYE, DETACHED RETINA

61 USB powered CURVED LINEAR ARRAY TRANSDUCER AND USB ADAPTER USB POWERED MECHANICALLY STEERED PROBE

62 Fluid-delay TRANSDUCER WITH A BUILT-IN FLUID DELAY

63 Fluid-delay FLAT-LINEAR ARRAY TRANSDUCER WITH A REUSABLE EXTERNAL STAND-OFF PAD

64 Answers to the following SIXTEEN practice questions were derived from material in the textbook:

65 Question 1 For a real time image to be flicker-free, what should be the minimum image frame rate? 15 Hz 1000 Hz 1 Hz 100 Hz Page 34

66 Question 1 For a real time image to be flicker-free, what should be the minimum image frame rate? 15 Hz 1000 Hz 1 Hz 100 Hz Page 34

67 Question 2 Which parameter is correct if the real time frame rate is 20 Hz? image is updated every 1/1000 second number of acoustic lines is 1000 number of acoustic lines is 20 image is updated every 1/20 second Page 34

68 Question 2 Which parameter is correct if the real time frame rate is 20 Hz? image is updated every 1/1000 second number of acoustic lines is 1000 number of acoustic lines is 20 image is updated every 1/20 second Page 34

69 Question 3 If the real time frame rate is increased but the lines per frame are unchanged, what else must happen? imaging depth increases transducer frequency increases the pulse repetition frequency decreases imaging depth decreases Page 34

70 Question 3 If the real time frame rate is increased but the lines per frame are unchanged, what else must happen? imaging depth increases transducer frequency increases the pulse repetition frequency decreases imaging depth decreases Page 34

71 Question 4 If the lines per frame changed but the imaging depth remained the same, what else must have changed? frame rate pulse repetition period pulse repetition frequency duty factor Page 34

72 Question 4 If the lines per frame changed but the imaging depth remained the same, what else must have changed? frame rate pulse repetition period pulse repetition frequency duty factor Page 34

73 Question 5 If the imaging depth is increased and the sector angle and line density remain the same, what must have taken place? PRF increases frame rate decreases PRP decreases frame rate increases Page 34

74 Question 5 If the imaging depth is increased and the sector angle and line density remain the same, what must have taken place? PRF increases frame rate decreases PRP decreases frame rate increases Page 34

75 Question 6 A real time transducer with a frame rate of 10 Hz produces 100 acoustic lines. What occurs if the PRF is unchanged? a higher frame rate will increase the line density a frame rate of 20 Hz will produce 200 acoustic lines the pulse repetition period is 100 milliseconds a frame rate of 20 Hz will produce 50 acoustic lines Page 34

76 Question 6 A real time transducer with a frame rate of 10 Hz produces 100 acoustic lines. What occurs if the PRF is unchanged? a higher frame rate will increase the line density a frame rate of 20 Hz will produce 200 acoustic lines the pulse repetition period is 100 milliseconds a frame rate of 20 Hz will produce 50 acoustic lines Page 34

77 Question 7 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array convex array phased array vector array Pages 35 and 36

78 Question 7 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array convex array phased array vector array Pages 35 and 36

79 Question 8 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array convex array phased array vector array Pages 39 and 40

80 Question 8 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array convex array phased array vector array Pages 39 and 40

81 Question 9 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array curved linear array non-curved linear array phased array Pages 37 and 38

82 Question 9 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array curved linear array non-curved linear array phased array Pages 37 and 38

83 Question 10 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array curved linear array phased array vector array Pages 39 and 40

84 Question 10 Which transducer configuration produced the image? flat linear array curved linear array phased array vector array Pages 39 and 40

85 Question 11 Where is dynamic focusing possible? on transducers with frequencies below 5 Hz on transducer arrays on two-element CW Doppler probes on single-element transducers Page 41

86 Question 11 Where is dynamic focusing possible? on transducers with frequencies below 5 Hz on transducer arrays on two-element CW Doppler probes on single-element transducers Page 41

87 Question 12 When using a phased array transducer, how is the transmitted sound beam swept? mechanically sweeping the piezoelectric elements mechanically rotating the piezoelectric elements varying the timing of pulses to the individual piezoelectric elements varying the voltage of pulses to the individual piezoelectric elements Page 39

88 Question 12 When using a phased array transducer, how is the transmitted sound beam swept? mechanically sweeping the piezoelectric elements mechanically rotating the piezoelectric elements varying the timing of pulses to the individual piezoelectric elements varying the voltage of pulses to the individual piezoelectric elements Page 39

89 Question 13 Which pulsing pattern provides an on-axis beam with focusing? Page 39

90 Question 13 Which pulsing pattern provides an on-axis beam with focusing? Page 39

91 Question 14 What does the use of a water path permit? the use of increased output power from the transducer higher frequencies to be used higher pulse repetition frequencies to be used better visualization of superficial structures Page 42

92 Question 14 What does the use of a water path permit? the use of increased output power from the transducer higher frequencies to be used higher pulse repetition frequencies to be used better visualization of superficial structures Page 42

93 Question 15 Which element arrangement is only used in mechanically steered transducers? convex array non-curved sequenced array sequenced array annular array Page 41

94 Question 15 Which element arrangement is only used in mechanically steered transducers? convex array non-curved sequenced array sequenced array annular array Page 41

95 Question 16 What is the advantage of an annular array over a single element transducer? higher frequencies are possible improved axial resolution greater depth of focus lower cost Page 41

96 Question 16 What is the advantage of an annular array over a single element transducer? higher frequencies are possible improved axial resolution greater depth of focus lower cost Page 41

97 END OF LESSON 07 For information on the accompanying textbook, visit the Website:

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