Tutorial on the Grand Alliance HDTV System

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1 Tutorial on the Grand Alliance HDTV System FCC Field Operations Bureau July 27, 1994 Robert Hopkins ATSC 27 July

2 Tutorial on the Grand Alliance HDTV System Background on USA HDTV Why there is a Grand Alliance Basic Grand Alliance HDTV System specifications Tutorial using block diagrams of Grand Alliance HDTV System Issues for FCC Field Operations Bureau 27 July

3 Background on USA HDTV ATSC formed in 1982 FCC Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service formed in 1987 Over 20 proposals for ATV broadcasting First digital HDTV proposal in 1990 Field narrowed to four digital HDTV and one analog HDTV proposals Proposals tested during 1991 and July

4 No Single Winner from Testing Four digital HDTV systems were found superior to the analog system Each digital HDTV system had some superior characteristics No one digital HDTV system was considered to have overall superiority 27 July

5 Why There Is a Grand Alliance The Advisory Committee suggested the four digital HDTV proponents get together in a Grand Alliance combining the best parts of each system. On May 24, 1993 the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance was formed. 27 July

6 Grand Alliance (GA) Members AT&T David Sarnoff Research Center General Instrument MIT Philips North America Thomson Consumer Electronics Zenith Electronics Corporation 27 July

7 Basic GA Specifications Video formats: 1280 (H) x 720 (V) progressive scan at 60 Hz, 30 Hz, and 24 Hz 1920 (H) x 1080 (V) interlaced scan at 60 Hz, progressive scan at 30 Hz and 24 Hz Vertical rates also at Hz, Hz, and Hz. Video compression: MPEG-2 (Main Profile at High Level) Audio compression: Dolby AC-3 Transport: MPEG-2 Transport Stream RF modulation 8-VSB 27 July

8 Grand Alliance Encoder Video source Audio source Ancillary data Video compressor Audio compressor M u l t i p l e x e r Modulator RF output 27 July

9 Video Compression Encoder Video input Pre-processer New picture S Difference picture DCT Quantizer Previous picture Predicted picture Inverse quantizer Motion estimator Motion compensated predictor Picture memory S Inverse DCT Motion vectors Encoded coefficients Control data Entropy encoder Buffer fullness Buffer Packetizer PES packets 27 July

10 Motion Prediction Blocks Blocks of previous picture used to predict new picture. Previous picture after using motion vectors to adjust block positions. 27 July

11 DCT Coefficients DC coefficient DC coefficient Zigzag scan Alternate zigzag scan 27 July

12 Coded Video Sequence Backward motion prediction Forward motion prediction B I B P B P B P B P B P B I B Display order Transmission order Intra coded picture Bidirectionally coded picture Predictively coded picture 27 July

13 Video Compression Decoder Inverse quantizer Inverse DCT S New picture Video output PES packets Encoded coefficients De-packetizer Rate Buffer Predicted picture Entropy decoder Motion compensated predictor Motion vectors Picture memory Previous picture Control data 27 July

14 AC-3 Audio Encoder Ideal bit allocator Bit allocation supervisor Bit allocation side information PCM audio in TDAC transform filter bank Mantissas Quantizer Bit allocation Multiplexer Encoded AC-3 bit stream Core bit allocator Spectral envelope decoder Exponents Spectral envelope encoder Spectral envelope 27 July

15 AC-3 Audio Decoder Inverse quantizer Mantissas Encoded AC-3 bit stream Demultiplexer Bit allocation side information Core bit allocator Bit allocation Inverse TDAC filter bank PCM audio out Spectral envelope Spectral envelope decoder Exponents 27 July

16 MPEG-2 Packets Video data Audio data Video encoder Audio encoder Packetizer Packetizer Video PES packets Audio PES packets Program stream multiplexer MPEG-2 Program Stream packets Ancillary data A Packetizer Transport stream MPEG-2 Transport Stream packets multiplexer Program Stream packets are designed for relatively error-free environments. Transport Stream packets are designed for environments where errors are likely. The Grand Alliance HDTV System uses Transport Stream packets. 27 July

17 System Level Multiplex Studio A Video PES packets Audio PES packets MUX Program A Transport stream Ancillary data A MUX System level multiplex Studio B Video PES packets Audio PES packets MUX Program B Transport stream Ancillary data B 27 July

18 VSB Data Frame symbols 1 Field sync #1 312 segments 1 S e g m e n t Data + FEC Field sync # ms 312 segments s y n c Data + FEC 1 segment = 77.7 µs 27 July

19 VSB Transmitter Data Data randomizer Reed-Solomon encoder Data interleaver Trellis encoder Segment sync Multiplexer Pilot insertion VSB modulator RF upconverter Field sync 27 July

20 Grand Alliance VSB Receiver Tuner IF filter & synchronous detector NTSC rejection filter Equalizer Phase tracker Sync & timing Trellis decoder Data de-interleaver Reed-Solomon decoder Data de-randomizer Data 27 July

21 Grand Alliance VSB Equalizer Input symbols S 78 tap filter S Equalized symbols Slicer 177 tap filter Field sync Coefficients Filter coefficient calculator Training sequence Rejection comb in/out 27 July

22 FCC Field Operations Bureau Issues Co-channel and adjacent channel interference into NTSC will increase slightly. The visual effect will be the same as if the signal got weaker more snow. Interference into digital HDTV will not affect pictures and sound, but it will cause the digital HDTV threshold signal level to increase. This is true for co-channel interference, adjacent channel interference, electrical interference, ghosts, etc. 27 July

23 FOB Issues (continued) Propagation effects will be the same as they are for NTSC (for example, inversion layers). People who buy HDTV will pay more money; they will put up good antennas; and they will expect fast resolution of interference problems. 27 July

24 FOB Issues (concluded) Anticipate Advisory Committee recommendation to FCC in Spring Anticipate FCC Rules by end of Anticipate some digital HDTV on-the-air in TV monitoring equipment in trucks and in field offices will need to be in place. So, budget now! 27 July

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