Table of Contents INTRODUCTION... 8 GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH OPERA 3716 / SPECIFICATIONS... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

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2 Opera 3716/3732 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION... 8 GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH OPERA 3716 / SPECIFICATIONS... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Standard Features:... Error! Bookmark not defined. Technical Specifications... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chassis Orientation... Error! Bookmark not defined. Power...11 Memory Card...11 System timing...12 Inputs...13 Sources...15 Outputs...15 Panel Connection...16 Serial Port...16 Edit Port...16 Ethernet...17 GPIO...17 Figure 5.13 GPIO schematictally...17 Tally...18 CLASSIC 7 CONTROL PANEL...19 OPERATION...22 Start Up...22 Status Lights

3 Verifying Successful Startup...22 PANEL CONTROLS, INDICATORS AND MENUS...23 Panel Displays...23 Transition Rate Indicators...24 Aux Output selection...24 TRANSITIONS...25 Overview... Error! Bookmark not defined. Transition Types...26 Cross-points (x-points)...27 Flip-Flop mode...28 Cut...28 Mix...29 Wipe...29 Mix to a Wipe / Wipe to a Mix...29 Transition Rates...30 Wipe Patterns...30 Classic Wipe Patterns...31 Organic Wipes...31 Wipe Direction...31 Wipe manipulation...32 Borders...32 COLOR SOURCES...34 Adjusting Colorizers...34 Saving and Recalling Colors...34 FRAME BUFFER...35 Fbuf Sources...35 Capture

4 Saving a still...36 Recalling stills...36 Deleting stills...36 FADE TO BLACK...37 KEYING...38 Overview...38 Luminance Key...39 PARTNER PRODUCT CONTROL...52 Description of Partner Product Control... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHANGING SWITCHER CONFIGURATION...53 User Configurations and Memory...53 User Configuration File Settings...53 Editing User Configurations...53 MEMORY CARD OVERVIEW...56 Supported Card Types...57 Disk Formats...57 Formatting Memory Cards with Windows XP...57 OPERA FILE AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURE...58 Root directory...58 Mode Sub-Directories...60 NTSC and PAL Sub-Directories...60 Stills...60 Alphas...60 Wipes...60 Root Sub-Directory...60 NETWORK INTERFACES

5 Servers...61 Finding Your Opera...61 HTTP Server...62 TFTP Server...62 XMP-RPC Server...63 Partner Product Control...63 IMPORTING AND EXPORTING OPERA GRAPHICS...64 The Opera Graphics Utility...64 Photoshop Format Conversion Plug-In...64 System Requirements...64 Image Size and Aspect Ratio...64 Installing and Setting Up the Utility...65 Installing the Photoshop Plug-In...65 Transferring Images to the Opera Frame Buffer...65 Capturing Images from the Opera Frame Buffer...66 Converting Images...66 Using the Photoshop Plug-In Module...66 APPENDIX A:...67 WARRANTY INFORMATION...67 Echolab Opera Swap Limited Warranty...67 APPENDIX B: TECHNICAL TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS...68 APPENDIX C:...69 CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT...69 File Syntax...69 Comments...69 Assignments

6 Whitespace...70 Keyword Details...71 Partner Product Servers...73 Editing User Configurations...74 Crosspoint (x-point) mapping...74 APPENDIX D:...84 ORGANIC WIPE LIBRARY...84 Standard Organic Wipes...84 Optional Organic Wipes

7 Important Contact Information Main Office Echolab INC 267 Boston Rd. Billerica, MA USA Phone: Fax: Echolab main office hours: 8am - 5pm Eastern Time, Monday through Friday USA regional and international sales manager hours: 8am - 5pm local time Support Hotline: (24 hours, 7 days) Main sales sales@echolab.com Main support support@echolab.com Website: LEGAL DISCLAIMER NOTICE TO USER Copyright 2006 Echolab INC. All rights reserved. This manual or the software described herein, in whole or in part, may not be reproduced, translated, or reduced to any machine-readable form without prior written approval from Echolab INC. ECHOLAB INC PROVIDES NO WARRANTY WITH REGARDS TO THIS MANUAL, THE SOFTWARE OR OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, THE SOFTWARE OR SUCH OTHER INFORMATION. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHOLAB INC BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON TORT, CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS MANUAL, THE SOFTWARE OR OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR THE USE THEREOF. Echolab INC reserves the right to make any modification to this manual or the information contained herein at any time without notice. The software described herein may also be governed by the terms of a separate user license agreement. 7

8 Introduction Purpose of This Manual This manual provides instructions for installing and operating the Opera 3716 / 3732 production switcher. It also includes specifications, contacts for service and support, and warranty information. Manual Organization This manual is organized into several chapters. Earlier chapters provide overview and introductory materials, while later chapters provide specific instructions and in-depth switcher information. Several appendixes provide useful reference information. Chapter Summaries Getting Acquainted with Opera 3716 / 3732 Overview of capabilities and features. Installation connecting the switcher cables and preparing for the first startup. Startup Instructions for turning on the switcher for the first time Panel Controls, Indicators and Menus General panel overview Transitions How to perform basic switcher transitions Keying How to use Opera 3716 / 3732 keyers for layered video effects Aux Selection Using the Frame Buffer How to use the frame buffer for storing and capturing images Partner Product Control Changing Switcher Configuration How to customize the switcher for your environment Network Interfaces How to connect the Opera 3716 / 3732 to a network Opera 3716 Memory Card Details about the Opera 3716 / 3732 memory card format and use Importing and Exporting Opera Graphics How to import and export graphics using the optional Opera Graphics Utility. Specifications Detailed technical and operational specifications and dimensions Warranty Information the Opera 3716 / 3732 limited warranty. 8

9 Getting Acquainted with Opera 3716 / 3732 Best 1.5ME in the business. Based on our popular 1.5ME design the Opera 3716 / 3732 switchers are tailored for ultimate creative control of multiple live sources. Standard features include two on-board DVE's, a library of organic wipes, and the Echolab CK4 chromakeyer on each and every keyer. Full of functionality, the most important aspect of these switchers is the Classic 7 Panel, Echolab's most popular and successful control interface to date. With 16 direct and 16 shifted cross points this is without doubt the switcher of choice for small broadcast studios, OB Vans and medium size venues. UPSIZE You can also purchase the 3716 with the larger OPERA 32x16 Chassis as an option. The Chassis will be populated with 16 Inputs and 8 Outputs to start with but the larger frame allows you to add modules as you grow. Figure 1.1 Classic 7 Panel 9

10 Opera 16 x 16 SDI, fixed I/O Chassis: 6RU Opera 32 x 16 SDI, fixed I/O Chassis: 11RU (See below) 16 input chassis is designed to set on a flat, non-conductive, surface or to be rack mounted. Figure 5.1 Opera 16 Input (6RU0 Chassis Shown All connections and status indicators for the chassis are on the same surface. The cooling fan for the Opera chassis is located on the top. Although the chassis draws little power and generates virtually no heat, an additional RU of empty space above the chassis may be advisable for proper ventilation. 10

11 Power The power supplies for the chassis and panel are auto sensing between 100 and 220 volts AC. Conditioned, uninterruptible power is recommended. Power surges or insufficient power can have negative effects on output and performance of the switcher. The On/Off switch must be in the On ( - ) position for the chassis to operate. The switcher will not properly operate without the Compact Flash inserted with the proper software loaded, the Mode switch set appropriately, and a SDI signal supplied to the Genlock connection. Connectivity The XML-RPC Server provides a high-bandwidth remote control protocol for operation of any switcher function over a local or remote Internet connection. Functions such as remote aux panels can take place without the complex and proprietary serial daisy-chain connections required by previous generations of switchers. The TFTP Server allows an operator to upload and download graphics to the Opera 3716 / 3732 s frame buffer. Working in conjunction with a remote PC or Macintosh running Photoshop, a user can create a full 32-bit image, such as a lower third, and then transfer both the foreground and alpha directly to the Opera to set up a key. This provides a basic, yet complete CG capability for those with a limited budget. Also images can be captured in the switcher's frame buffer and sent back to the PC over the TFTP server to import into programs such as Photoshop for retouching. Memory Card Opera is supplied with two compact flash memory cards. The cards are loaded with the latest software to operate the switcher in Mode 0. A Memory card is necessary to properly initialize the switcher on start up. The memory card also contains the user configuration file, saved switcher settings (recalls), stills, and organic wipes. Once the system is initialized, the card may be removed, but access will be lost to stills, wipes, and recalls that are not already loaded to the panel memory. Figure 5.5 Memory Card Slot / Compact Flash card Opera comes supplied with 2 256MB Compact flash cards. Each is loaded with identical operating software. Keep one as a back-up. Approximately 50MB of storage on the Compact Flash is used for operating software. The remaining memory can be used to store Stills for use in the internal Frame Buffer(s). Up to 2GB Compact Flash cards have been tested and approved for use. Only SanDisk brand compact Flash cards have been certified for use, although other brands may work. 11

12 System timing Opera requires a continuous SDI signal connected to Genlock on the chassis. The switcher will not operate without a genlock signal. SDI Black is recommended. This signal must also be synchronous with all source timing. The D System light will be lit when genlock is present. Figure 5.6 System Lights NOTE: Using video format conversion to create SDI Black from Analog Black Burst is not recommended or supported. 12

13 Inputs Opera3716 input capacity is 16 external SDI or Analog video and key inputs. Opera3732 input capacity is 32 external SDI or Analog video and key inputs. Figure 5.6 Opera 16/8 Dual Format Chassis shown All inputs not intended to be used with the internal frame sync s, must be genlocked to the same system timing as the switcher. Input timing has a +/- 18 microsecond self-timing window, so additional timing adjustments are not necessary. All inputs may be mapped to any panel crosspoint using the configuration file. In addition to external inputs, Opera has two color matte generators, one frame buffer, and two alpha frame buffers (for organic wipes) that may be accessed by crosspoint. In addition to external inputs, The Opera 3716 has two color matte generators, one frame buffer, and two alpha frame buffers (for organic wipes) that may be accessed by crosspoint. 13

14 Opera 3716 Command List This is the list of Commands used in the Opera, mostly for installation and configuration. On the panel, enter the Command Number using the numberic keypad, then push COMM, and follow the instructions that apply to that Command. COMM Description 4 Displays software version 6 GVG On/Off: Use + to toggle. Only applies to systems with optional GVG protocol installed. 40 Inputs Format. Select Input on Preview bus. Initiate COMM 40. Use + to cycle through available analog formats, use - to toggle Framesync On/Off. 41 Aux Outputs Analog Format. Select desired Aux on Aux Slection bus. Initiate COMM 41. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 46 SAVE I/O Format selections. Initiate COMM 46. Use + to confirm. 50 Displays switcher IP address 51 Displays partner server IP address. Only applies to systems with X option server. Opera 3732 & 3932 Command List This is the list of Commands used in the Opera, mostly for installation and configuration. On the panel, enter the Command Number using the numberic keypad, then push COMM, and follow the instructions that apply to that Command. COMM Description 4 Displays software version 6 GVG On/Off: Use + to toggle. Only applies to systems with optional GVG protocol installed. 40 Inputs Format. Select Input on Preview bus. Initiate COMM 40. Use + to cycle through available analog formats, use - to toggle Framesync On/Off. 41 Aux Outputs Analog Format. Select desired Aux on Aux Slection bus. Initiate COMM 41. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 42 Pgm Out 1 Analog Format. Initiate COMM 42. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 43 Pgm Out 2 Analog Format. Initiate COMM 43. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 44 Pvw Out Analog Format. Initiate COMM 44. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 45 CLFD Out Analog Format. Initiate COMM 45. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 46 SAVE I/O Format selections. Initiate COMM 46. Use + to confirm. 50 Displays switcher IP address 51 Displays partner server IP address. Only applies to systems with X option server. 14

15 Sources Depending on the model (Opera3716 or 3732), there are 16 or 32 external Analog / SDI inputs to the switcher. The switcher also generates Black (Blk), 2 adjustable Color mattes (Clr1 and Clr2), 2 Alpha frame buffers that are used for organic wipe mattes (Org1 and Org2), and 1 internal Frame Buffer (Fbuf). For more information on controlling the internal sources, see Color Sources and Frame Buffer sections. Outputs There is one dedicated Program output. There are also up to 12 Auxiliary outputs that are routable from the panel. All outputs are timed. All Auxiliary outputs are routable to any source, Prog, Prev, Cleanfeed, ME1 Prog, ME1 Prev, and ME1 Cleanfeed. Any of the Aux Outputs can be designated as a Aux Monitor output. The Aux Monitor can be used to provide a single monitor access to all Aux Outputs. Whichever Aux is selected on the panel, will be displayed through the Aux Monitor output. NOTE: See the Chapter on Operation User Configuration for instructions on assigning an Aux Monitor output. 15

16 Panel Connection The chassis and panel are connected using two 75-ohm coax cables (not supplied) connected to the RX (receive) and TX (transmit) connectors; RX on the chassis connects to TX on the control panel, and TX on the chassis to RX on the control panel. The maximum separation is 300 meters. Figure 5.10 Panel connection jacks If the connections are reversed the panel will continue to read DISCONNECTED. No damage can be caused by having the connections reversed. NOTE: On a Opera, the panel will also continue to read DISCONNECTED if the chassis is not on, or not being supplied with an adequate SDI signal for Genlock. Serial Port The serial port is a standard female DB-9 connector. It supports EIA RS-232. Please contact Echolab Support to learn which protocols are currently supported. New protocols are constantly under development. Echolab Support may also use your serial port connection for diagnostic purposes. Figure 5.11 Serial ports Edit Port The serial port is a standard female DB-9 connector pinned as a SMPTE slave. It supports EIA RS-422. Please contact Echolab Support to learn which protocols are currently supported. New protocols are constantly under development. Figure 5.11a Edit ports 16

17 Ethernet The Ethernet connection is T-base 10/100 and can be configured for your network, or to create a network, using the Configuration file. The Ethernet jack on the Opera chassis is auto-switching, so a hub or RJ45 X-over cable may not be necessary to establish a connection. See the Operations: User Configurations section of the manual to learn how to configure the TCP/IP settings for the Opera. Please refer to the X Option Manual for connection to the Echolab Server. Figure 5.12 Ethernet port GPIO GPIs 1 through 3 as well as GPO 1 and 2 are brought out on this connector. The GPI inputs can be triggered by either a short to ground or a trigger from a TTL or bipolar level signal (+/- 12v max). GPOs are programmable to be pulses or a user-defined trigger length. GPIO is programmed using the User configuration file. (See Operations: User Configurations). GPO 1 GPO 2 GPI 1,2,3 Figure 5.13 GPIO schematic 17

18 Tally There are 32 tallies available for your switcher. The tally connections function by providing an open collector output that provides a short to ground when selected (1/2 amp, 30V max.). Tally output pins are mappable using the User Configuration File. See the Section on Changing Switcher Configuration for information on Tally mapping. Any source may be routed to any, or multiple Tally connections. The Tally connections are separated into blocks to allow separation of tally connections that require ground from tally connections that reuire external voltage. Figure 5.15 Tally connections Tally A - Cameras 1-8 Tally B - Cameras 9-16 common Figure 5.15 Tally relays schematic 18

19 Classic 7 Control Panel Control Panel Dimensions Panel inches cm Overall width Overall depth Depth under tabletop Width under tabletop Width of rear section under tabletop Height above tabletop Thickness below tabletop Hole (cut out for panel) Width Width of rear section under tabletop Depth Figure 5.2 Echolab Classic 7Panel The Opera Classic 7 panel is designed to sit on a flat surface, but may be table mounted. The power connection is located on the right side of the rear section of the panel. The 2 BNC jacks for connecting to the chassis are located on the left side of the rear section. 19

20 Classic 7 Control Panel: Overview 1. DVE / wipe control: Top quality Penny & Giles three axis joystick and rotary controls provide for versatile pattern and DVE control. Easy control of Size, Position, Border, Soft Edges, Rotation and Symmetry. 2. Aux Bus: AUX BUS allows for easy source recognition and assignment for all AUX Busses, Effects Borders and Frame Stores ME's: PROG, PREV plus FULL ME architecture allows for easier live control of mutiple sources and effects. ME1 (Top) has own dedicated PROG, PREVIEW and Cleanfeed OUTPUTS and can also be used on On-Air. 4. Source names: All sources (internal & external) can be named and mapped to any crosspoint. 5. Key Bus: Each ME has a dedicated bus for Cut and Fill selection for Keyers. A dedicated bus makes for easier recognition of Key Sources during live production. 6. Program Bus: 16 direct crosspoints with shift allows for rapid access to all sources. Illuminated buttons distinguish on-air status for confident live production. 7. Wipe Patterns: Dedicated LED displays show wipe pattern selection for each ME. Opera comes standard with 121 wipes with an option for an additional Colorizers: Hue, saturation and luminance control for both Matte Generators and DVE border colors. Allows you to SAVE and RECALL custom color selections. 9. Rate control / frame buffer: Dedicated buttons for adjusting transition rates for ALL ME 's and Keyers. Also controls Frame Buffer Selection for Freeze Capture, Field / Frame viewing, saving and recall 10. Memory: ME snapshots and DVE macros. Lower section provides advanced DVE control and easy keyframe programming upstream keyers: Two independent full function Keyers including the new Echolab CK4 (Chromakey) technology. DVE's can be assigned to Upstream or Downstream keyers. Independent key ties, key layer and selectable key priority provide enhanced creative freedom and control. 12. ME mix / wipe: Frame-accurate wipes and dissolves can be performed through the Auto Transition button. Add any source as a border for a wipe transition. Use fader and Wipe positioning to create a pre-set Mixed Wipe. 20

21 13. Downstream keyers / FTB: TWO independent, FULL FUNCTION Downstream Keyers. Excellent for simultaneous logo and graphics insertion - perfect for today's complex and demanding television productions. Each DSK has independent controls for CUT and AUTO transitions and separate DSK previews. Independent LED Rate displays for BOTH Downstream Key 14. Preview Bus: Allows for Preview selection of ANY source or ME for Next Transition. Flip-flops with program at the end of a background transition. 15. ME source selection: Single button selection of ME effects to be used as Background or as a Source for Downstream Keyers. 16. Transition control: Frame-accurate wipes and dissolves can be performed through the AUTO TRANSITION button or taken directly to-air via CUT. LED indicators for Auto transition rate and status. 21

22 Operation Start Up Power up the chassis and panel. Make sure Genlock is provided to the chassis and the Memory Card is in the reader. The switcher will not fully initialize without a genlock connection, preferably SDI Black. Status Lights The Status Lights are indicators for the CF flash card reader in the chassis. During initialization the green status light should blink and then go out. The red status light will blink if the Memory card is not in the reader or not properly formatted and loaded. Figure 6.1 Status and System lights The four System Lights on the chassis indicate the status of the switcher. System light designation is as follows (Left to Right): Main diagnostic. A This led should be lit whenever the system is running. Disk activity B This led should light when information is being read from or to the Memory disk. CPU activity C This led should be blinking whenever the system is running. Genlock indicator D Should be lit when a genlock source is present. The system will not operate properly without genlock present. Verifying Successful Startup Opera Version 01.0X.XX appears on the panel VFD (vacuum florescent display) after proper initialization. This is the firmware version the switcher is using. If Disconnected appears on the panel display, check for proper genlock, secure panel connection cables and a properly inserted memory card. The panel VFD also provides user feedback information. Any change to a button, fader or knob will display information about the action. The LED strip above the Program bus should show Input names and positions as they are designated in the User Configuration file. See the section on Changing Switcher Configuration for more information. 22

23 Panel Controls, Indicators and Menus Panel Displays The panel VFD (Vacuum Florescent Display) will read Opera Version XX after proper initialization. (the last two digits indicate minor release versions) Figure 6.2 Panel Display If the panel display reads Disconnected, then: Check for proper genlock Check panel connection cables Check Memory Card. The panel VFD also provides user feedback information. Any change to a button, fader, or knob will display data of the action. User prompts are also displayed, eg: pushing Set KeyMem will prompt Press Fill Source. LED STRIP ; Cross-point Display The LED strip above the Program bus should show Input names and X-point assignments (mapping) as they are designated in the User Configuration file. See the Operation: User Configuration section of the manual for information on naming and mapping the sources. Figure 6.3 LED Source Names and Assignment indicators 23

24 Transition Rate Indicators LED indicators next to fader bars and Auto / Cut switches show current transition rates. Figure 6.4 Transition rate indicators Aux Output selection Opera has twelve routable, timed outputs. Output selection can be from: Any source, internal or external. Program ME0 Preview ME0 Cleanfeed ME0 (Cleanfeed is the output of the M/E less the keyers for that ME) Program ME1 Preview ME1 Cleanfeed ME1 (Cleanfeed is the output of the ME less the keyers for that ME) To select the output of an Aux, select the desired Aux on the Aux select bus. Then select the desired source from the Aux Select bus. Repeat for any Aux output in use. When an Aux output is selected on the Aux Select bus, the current route is displayed on the Aux X-point bus. Figure 6.5 Aux Selection 24

25 Transitions Switching from one video source to another is the primary function of a video switcher. The functional block that performs this operation is the mix/effect block (ME). The ME accepts two video inputs and makes a single output (Figure 7). Normally, the program input is passed directly through to become program out. During a transition, program out is a combination of program input and preview input, eventually becoming entirely preview (Figure 8). Program In Program Out Preview In Figure 7 Mix/Effect block Figure 8 Transition example At the end of a transition, the sources applied to the program and preview inputs change places to return to the initial state of passing program input directly through the block (Figure 9). To indicate this flip-flop, the highlighted buttons on the program and preview buses of the panel are exchanged. If you complete a transition by moving the fader bar down, you initiate the next transition by moving the fader bar up. The direction will generally alternate between up and down after each transition. The fader bar indicator next to the fader bar displays the position and progress of the current transition. 25

26 Figure 9 Source flip-flop after a transition Transition Types The mix/effect block (ME) performs three types of transitions: Cut: Switch immediately to the preview source. Mix: Gradually fade from program to preview. Output is a linear combination of program and preview. Wipe: Use a moving borderline to reveal the preview and cover the old program. There are three types of background transitions available in the Take sections of each ME: Cut, Mix & Wipe. Cut is always available as a transition. Either Mix or Wipe will always be active. 26

27 Cross-points (x-points) Each ME bank and the Aux bus have 16 direct X-points for accessing sources. Sources assigned to the X-points are consistent across the buses, i.e. X-point 6 on the Program bus (ME0, A bus) accesses the same source as X-point 6 on ME1, B bus. ME0 (Pgm, Pvw) also has dedicated X-points for ME1. Figure 7.1 ME0 X-point buses Holding down the shift button provides another 16 shifted X-points. Figure 7.2 Location of SHIFT button When selecting a source assigned to a direct X-point, press the X-point. When selecting a source assigned to a Shifted X-point, hold down Shift and press the X-point for that source. A selected Shifted X-point will blink whereas a direct X-point will be lit solid. Changing the X-point selection on a single bus will switch cleanly between the selected sources. Once a source is selected on the A bus of an ME, and another source selected on the B bus of the same ME those sources can be switched between as a background transition. At the completion of a transition, the operator composes the next video scene on the preview input, then switches the scene to program at the desired time by using a cut, mix or wipe. 27

28 Flip-Flop mode In Flip-Flop mode, the ME background buses swap their selected sources. Therefore, the A bus is always the on-line bus, and the B bus is always the preview, or go to bus. This way the next source can be reliably selected on the B bus without disturbing the on-line image. For example, if a transition begins with X-point 1 selected on the A bus and transitions to X-point 2 on the B bus, when the transition ends, X-point 2 will now be selected on the A bus. X-point 1 will be selected on the B bus. With Flip-Flop mode off, the on-line source X-point will be illuminated brighter than the off-line X-point when that ME is on-air. ME0 (the Prog, Prev buses) are always in Flip-Flop mode. ME1, by default, is NOT in Flip-Flop mode. Flip-Flop mode for ME1 can be enabled using the setting in the User configuration file. See the section of the manual for Operation, user Configuration for instructions on enabling Flip- Flop mode for ME1. Cut Cut performs a single frame transition between sources. Cut is executed by pressing the Cut button. For the keyers, Shift + Key Auto (for the selected keyer) will perform a cut. 28

29 Mix Mix transition mode is selected by pressing the Mix button, in the Take section of either ME. A mix transition is executed by moving the adjacent Fader bar or pressing the Auto button. Using the Fader bar will allow manual timing of the mix, and even mixing back and forth at any point in the transition. Auto will perform the transition in the time designated by the Take Rate (M/E0) or the M/W Rate (M/E1). Pressing Auto during an auto transition will pause the transition and the Mix button will blink, indicating that the transition was not completed. Pressing Auto again will complete the transition. Wipe A Wipe is a patterned transition (see following paragraph on Wipe Patterns for how to select a wipe). Wipe transition mode is selected by pressing the Wipe button. A wipe transition is executed by moving the adjacent fader bar or pressing the Auto button. Using the Fader bar will allow manual timing of the wipe, and even wiping back and forth at any point in the transition. Auto will perform the transition in the time designated by the Take Rate (ME0) or the M/W Rate (ME1). Pressing Auto during an auto transition will pause the transition and the Wipe button will blink, indicating that the transition was not completed. Pressing Auto again will complete the transition. Wipes default to a normal direction. Press the Reverse button to reverse the direction. In non flip-flop mode, both normal and reverse can be selected so that every other transition will be normal or reverse. Mix to a Wipe / Wipe to a Mix Mix and Wipe can be combined to create a complex transition. Setup a wipe as described above, but only execute part way, leaving the Wipe button blinking. Now select Mix. Use the Fader bar (or Auto) to mix in or out of the set wipe. Do the reverse to wipe to a set mix. 29

30 Transition Rates The current transition rates for auto transitions are shown (in frames) in the display under each ME s Fader bar. For each ME there is a separate rate for mix and for wipe for a total of four background transition rates. To change a rate, select Mix, then locate the Rate / Fbuf button group and the numeric entry button group on the panel. Enter the desired rate. The entry is read in Seconds:Seconds:Frame:Frame, i.e., to enter a 1 second rate, enter 30 (30 frames) OR 100 (1 second, 00 frames). Then press the appropriate rate button. For a ME0 (Pgm, Pvw) background transition rate press Take Rate. For a ME1 background transition rate press M/W Rate. Select Wipe, and repeat the procedure, then repeat for the other ME. When you switch between Mix and Wipe the current rates for each mode will appear in the display under each ME s Fader bar. NOTE: All switcher adjustments that require a numeric entry; enter the number, then the function button. Wipe Patterns Wipe patterns are selectable for the take transitions. Each ME can be loaded with a different pattern. 1 through 22 are Standard wipes and 100 through 199 are Organic wipes. If the 1000-Wipe expansion option is installed then 100 through 599 are organic wipes. Diagrams of the wipe patterns follow this chapter. To select a wipe, refer to the wipe pattern card supplied with the manual, and enter the number of the wipe. Locate the Pattern Select button group on the panel. Press the white Pattern Select button for M/E0 or the yellow Pattern Select button for ME1. The number of the selected wipe will appear in the Wipe display in the DVE/Wipe control group. If an organic wipe has been selected the matte can be viewed on Org0 (ME0) or Org1 (ME1) X-points, if these sources are mapped to a X-point. 30

31 Figure 7.4 Wipe selection section Classic Wipe Patterns Classic wipe patterns include circles, squares, crosses, diamonds, horizontal and vertical bars. To select a wipe, press the button with the shape that you want to use for the next transition. The aspect ratio and center of some classic wipes can be adjusted. If the wipe is positionable, the joystick can move the center of the pattern horizontally and vertically around the screen. The aspect ratio can be adjusted using the Symmetry Knob or the Z axis of the Joystick. Adjusting the Symmetry will allow you to change circle and square wipes into ellipses and rectangles. Organic Wipes Organic wipes are controlled by the contours of a grayscale wipe image. The possible effects are complex matrix wipes, multiple rotary wipes and free flowing shapes. The control images for the 100 standard wipes are included in an appendix at the back of this manual. An organic wipe is selected by entering the number of the desired pattern on the numeric keypad, then pressing the Organic button on the menu page. The light flashes briefly as the image is read from the Opera memory card. If an organic wipe is already selected, pressing the Organic button displays the number of the current pattern in the upper right corner of the display. Wipe Direction Wipe patterns have a normal direction by convention. The normal direction for closed patterns such as circles, diamonds and boxes is to grow from the center of the screen and progress outward. When a wipe is reversed, closed patterns close in from the edges of the screen toward the center. To change the direction of a wipe, select REVERSE for the selected ME transition. 31

32 Wipe manipulation The position and symmetry of most Standard wipes can be controlled. The position and symmetry of Organic wipes is fixed. To adjust position or symmetry of a Standard wipe, locate the DVE / Wipe Control button group. The white Wipe Pos button assigns the joystick to control the positioning and symmetry of the M/E0 wipe transition. The yellow Wipe Pos button assigns the joystick to control the positioning and symmetry of the M/E1 wipe transition. Use the X and Y-axis control of the joystick for positioning and the Z-axis for symmetry. Figure 7.5 Wipe positioning Borders Borders can be applied to wipe transitions and DVEs. Opera offers a unique selection of sources for borders. By using the Aux Selection buses any source to the switcher can be used as a wipe transition border. To create a wipe transition border for ME0 (Pgm, Pvw) locate the Take / Transition group. Select Wipe. Use the Fader bar to partially execute the transition. Find the Left/Border knob and turn clockwise. This setting determines the pixel width of the border. (Note: Left is a shifted knob function for mask settings and does not relate to border setup) To soften the border, turn the Right/Soft knob (in the Mix / Wipe group) clockwise to increase the softness. (Note: Right is a shifted knob function for mask settings and does not relate to border setup) To soften a single edge of the border, hold down the selected x-point on either the A or B ME x-point bus as you turn the Soft knob. TIP: To create a soft edge wipe, select either active x-point being used for the transition as the border fill. Figure 7.6 Border size and softness control 32

33 To fill the border with a source, locate the border select group, to the right of the Aux selector bus. Press Take Border. Then use the Aux x-point bus to select a source to use as the transition border. For M/E0, any source and any M/E1 output (ME1 Pgm, ME1, Pvw, ME1 Clfd) can be used. Note that the ME1 output select x-points are shifted x-points. Figure 7.6 Wipe transition border selection To create a wipe transition border for ME1, locate the Mix / Wipe group. Select Wipe. Use the Fader bar to partially execute the transition. Find the Border knob and turn clockwise. This setting determines the pixel width of the border. To fill the border with a source, locate the border select group, to the right of the Aux selector bus. Press ME1 Border. Then use the Aux x-point bus to select a source to use as the transition border. For ME1, any source can be used as a fill. ME0 and ME1 outputs are not legal sources. 33

34 Color Sources Adjusting Colorizers The switcher has 2 color matte generators that can be used as direct sources, for borders, or for key mattes. Select Clr1 on Program so it can be viewed on a monitor. Locate the Colorizers group, and select Color1. When Color1 is selected, the knobs for adjusting Saturation (Sat), Luminance (Lum), and Hue are dedicated to Color1. Color 2, or the DVE border colors will not be affected. To adjust Color 2, select Color 2, and so on. Figure 7.7 Color matte generator controls Saving and Recalling Colors Color settings can be saved so that a particular color can be recalled. To save a color, enter a number, then press Save Color. To recall a color, enter the number of the color saved, then press Recall Color. A color saved when using a color generator can be recalled for any color generator, i.e., while setting using Color 1, save a color 10. Press DVE 1 Border, to control that color generator. Enter 10, then press Recall Color to load that color to the DVE 1 Border. 34

35 Frame buffer The switcher has 1 internal Frame Buffer (Fbuf). The Fbuf is used for capture and display of still images from video. Stills are saved globally and can be accessed by any operator Mode. (See the Chapter on Operation User Configuration.) Stills are stored on the Compact Flash card supplied with the switcher. There is room on the supplied CF card for approximately 200 stills. NOTE: Stills are nov files, a proprietary format. Graphics Utility Tool. For importing and exporting stills, use the optional Echolab Fbuf Sources Any source or ME output can be routed through the Fbuf, except Fbuf. Locate the Aux Selection and Aux x-point buses. To the right of the Aux Selection Bus are the selections for Borders and Fbuf. Select Fbuf Source and then select a source on the Aux x-point bus. Figure 7.8 Frame buffer source selection Capture Select the Fbuf x-point on Program so it can viewed on a monitor. This step is for monitoring only Fbuf does not need to be selected on a x-point to Save or Recall a still). Select a source for the Fbuf (preferably with a moving image). The source should pass through the Fbuf. Press Freeze Fbuf to capture a frame. Pressing Freeze Fbuf again will release the frame and return to pass through. 35

36 Figure 7.9 Frame buffer (FBUF) controls After capturing the desired frame, the Fbuf can be viewed as a frame or as a field. (Viewing as a field will reduce or eliminate inter-field jitter) To change the view, press Freeze Field. Pressing Freeze Field will toggle between frame and field views. Saving a still To save a still created in the Fbuf, enter a number and press Save Fbuf. The still will be written to the Memory disk as a frame. Stills are saved globally and can be accessed by any operator Mode. Caution: there is no over-write protection for stills. Be careful not to overwrite other desirable stills. You may want to copy your stills to a computer or another compact Flash card. Recalling stills To recall a still, enter the number of the still and press Recall Fbuf. Note: Recalling stills are not instantaneous. You will see jittering as the still writes to the frame buffer. If it is desirable to recall stills on-air, make sure that Freeze Field is selected (lit). Now the stills will load and visually appear to transition as a horizontal wipe. Deleting stills Stills can be deleted from the Memory card by editing on a computer. Locate the stills folder, and delete the still. Another options would be to overwrite the still, preserving the file and number. 36

37 Fade to Black Press the FTB button to transition the Program output of the switcher to black, at a predetermined rate. To change the FTB rate, enter the desired rate. The entry is read in Seconds:Seconds:Frame:Frame, i.e., to enter a 1 second rate, enter 30 (30 frames) OR 100 (1 second, 00 frames). Then press the FTB Rate button in the Rates / Fbuf control group. 37

38 Keying Overview Keyers create a layered video output by combining three input signals: Fill video source Key signal Background video source The key signal defines an area of the fill video that will be inserted into the background video (Figure 15). The inverse of the key signal is used to cut a hole in the background video. The switcher then adds the two pieces together, inserting the fill into the hole that has been created in the background. Visually, it appears that the fill source has been cut into or layered over the background image. Echolab gives you many powerful ways to use keyers in your production. This section will show you how to set up each kind of key. There are two things that must be done to set up a keyer: 1 Choose the fill video 2 Generate the key signal The method of generating and adjusting the key signal is what distinguishes the different types if keys. Fill Video Key Signal Keyer Background Video Figure 15. Keying signal flow The output of a keyer may become the background source of another keyer. This creates multiple layers of effects. When keyers are arranged in series, the last keyer in the chain has the highest priority. Its fill source will be the topmost layer of the resulting image. The initial step to setting up a key is to set which key type is desired. These selections are made using the EFF KEYS or DSK KEYS menus. 38

39 Luminance Key In a luminance key, the key signal is generated by processing the luminance channel of a cut source video signal (Figure 16). The cut signal may be selected from any source that is available in the crosspoint array. An external character generator will typically produce cut and fill video signal, which will be connected to the external inputs of the switcher. Fill Video Cut Video Luminance Processing Key Signal Keyer Clip Gain Reverse Shaped Background Video Figure 16. Luminance key signal flow : A luminance key cuts out the background according to the luminance of the key source signal. To perform a luminance key, the same source is selected as the Key Cut and Key Fill. Linear key A linear key is a type of luminance key, where the cut source contains no chrominance information, allowing for a cleaner cut-out of the background. Character generators commonly provide separate cut and fill sources. The cut source is generated as an alpha, or black and white version of the fill. Translucent areas may also be used in the cut source to allow some background to show through. The luminance levels in the cut source determine where and how deeply the background will be replaced. Chromakey A chroma key image is generated by using a key signal based on a particular color to cut out the background. The remainder of the key signal, known as the foreground, is then added to the background to form a composite image. This is commonly used with objects or people in a chromakey scene in front of a single colored backdrop. When composited with the background image, the keyed objects or people become the foreground. 39

40 Shaped Keys A shaped key is when the fill source matches the cut source by having black everywhere except where the cut appears. In this case, the keyer does not need to add black to the fill to shape the key. Character generators and external DVEs typically provide shaped fill signals. A fill signal that does not match the cut needs to be processed by the switcher, adding black to those areas outside the cut. To use a shaped key source, select the cut and fill sources as described in the following paragraphs, then hold down Shift and press Matte/Ckey. (See Figure 8.1) Key Setup Locate the ME1, Keys control block. There are 2 keyers for ME1. Most controls for the keyers are shared between them. When Key1 Select is selected, these controls will only affect Key1. Selecting Key2 Select will allow control of Key2. Separate Key1 Auto and Key2 Auto buttons allow independent use of the keyers. (See Figure 8.1 ME1 Key control section). Figure 8.1 ME1 Key control section Selecting Key Sources Any source can be used as a Key Cut or Key Fill source. ME1 can be a Key source for the DSKs. Sources are selected by using the Key Select buttons and the Key bus x-points on the M/E. To select a Cut source, hold down a Key Select button, and select the desired source on the corresponding M/E Key bus (ME0 for the DSKs). 40

41 Figure 8.2 ME1 Key Selecting Cut source Release the Key Select button and use the Key bus to select the fill source. Figure 8.3 ME1 Key Selecting Fill source Each keyer can have it s own set of cut and fill selections. When that keyer is selected using the Key Select button, those selections will be lit on the corresponding ME Key bus. Locate the ME0 (Pgm, Pvw), Downstream Keys control block. There are 2 Downstream Keyers (DSK1 and DSK2). Most controls for the keyers are shared between them. When DSK1 Select is selected, these controls will only affect DSK1. Selecting DSK2 Select will allow control of DSK2. Separate DSK1 Auto and DSK2 Auto buttons allow independent use of the keyers. Figure 8.4 DSK (Downstream Keyer) Key control section Key Transitions Each keyer has a Key Auto button. Pressing Key Auto will turn the keyer on or off at the rate specified for that keyer. Pressing Shift + Key Auto will cut the keyer on or off. Keyers for M/E1 can also be activated using the Key Fader bar. Key Rates The current transition rates for each keyer are shown (in frames) in the displays for the key control blocks. The rate displayed is for the currently selected keyer. To change a rate, locate the Rate / Fbuf button group and the Numeric Entry button group on the panel. Enter the desired rate. The entry is read in Seconds: Seconds: Frame: Frame i.e., to enter a 1 second rate, enter 30 (30 frames) OR 100 (1 second, 00 frames). Then press the appropriate key rate button. Pressing Shift + Key Auto will defeat the rate (but not change it) and cut the keyer on or off. 41

42 Key Tie Each keyer also can be tied to the ME take transition by using the Key Tie for that keyer. If the key is to activate on the next transition, press Key Tie for that keyer before the transition. If the key is to deactivate on the next transition, turn the keyer on, then select Key Tie before the transition. At the conclusion of the take transition, key tie will turn itself off. (Key tie can be set for manual defeat. See Operation: User Configurations) Activating DSK Key Tie will automatically activate Key Preview, and the Key image will appear in Preview. Figure 8.5 DSK Key Tie selection Figure 8.6 ME1 Key Tie selection Downstream Key Preview The downstream keyers can be viewed on Preview before taking to air. Press the Prev button in the DSK control group to see the selected key on preview. To preview both DSKs, press Prev, then select the other DSK and press Prev again. Taking the key removes it from preview. M/E1 Key Layer In ME1 the background bus that is to be keyed over can be selected. By default Over A and Over B are both on, placing the key over the entire M/E. By selecting only Over A, then regardless of transition, the key will only appear over the source selected on the A bus. By selecting only Over B, then regardless of transition, the key will only appear over the source selected on the B bus. In Flip-Flop mode, the key will stay locked to the source that was selected on that bus before the next transition. 42

43 Figure 8.7 ME1 Key Layer and Key Order selection Key Order You can change the key priorities of the 2 keyers in ME1 or of the 2 DSKs. By default, Key2 is downstream, or over, Key1. To reverse the keyers and put Key1 over Key2, press Key Order. Press again to return to default. Note that Key Order is lit when the order is reversed. Figure 8.8 ME0 (Pgm/Pvw) Key Order selection Key Signal Adjustments for Luminance and Linear keys Locate the Key control blocks. There are several adjustments for the signal settings for creating and displaying the key. Figure 8.9 ME0 (Pgm/Pvw) Key adjustment rotary encoders 43

44 Figure 8.10 ME1 Key adjustment rotary encoders Clip Clip adjusts the part of the cut source signal that will be used to cut the hole in the background. The range is from using the entire signal to using none of the signal. Gain Gain adjusts the softness of the key edges. A luminance key would typically have a high gain setting. A linear key would typically have a low gain setting, preserving the softness of the cut edge. Often, the trick to setting up a good key is the gain adjustment; too low allows imperfections of the cut signal to show through and too high creates ragged edges. Hue Hue is only used for chroma keying. Hue determines the primary color to be suppressed when creating the key. Reverse You can reverse the cut signal for a key. For example, with a typical alpha matte cut source, reversing the key would cut a whole with the black instead of the white part of the signal. To reverse a key, press Shift + Key Select (or DSK Select). Repeat to turn off. Mask Turn on Mask to conceal portions of the key. Shift + Mask resets the mask edges to minimum. Use the Left, Right, Top and Bottom knobs to bring in the edges of the mask. For M/E1: Left edge = Shift + Left / Top knob Right edge = Shift + Right / Bottom knob Top edge = Left / Top knob Bottom edge = Right / Bottom knob For M/E0: Left edge = Shift + Left / Border knob Right edge = Shift + Right / Soft knob Top edge = Shift + Top / Clip knob Bottom edge = Shift + Bottom / Gain knob 44

45 Shape As noted earlier, the switcher can process either shaped or unshaped cut signals. To turn on shape, press Shift + Matte/Ckey. Repeat to turn off. Key Signal Adjustments for Chroma keys Locate the Key control blocks. There are several adjustments for the signal settings for creating and displaying the key. (See Figure 8.1 and 8.4) Enable Chroma key To enable the chromakeyer press the Matte/Ckey button. Repeat to turn off. Select the source (usually a camera) to be composited as your Key Fill. (See Selecting Key Sources in this chapter) Matte viewing When Ckey is selected, pressing Shift + Matte/Ckey will display the key matte. This can be helpful in setting up a precise chroma key composite, especially if using a vectorscope. Hue Hue determines the primary color to remove from the background to create the composite. When setting up a Ckey, start by adjusting hue. Y suppression With Ckey on, the Clip knob adjusts the Y suppression of the signal. This is used to attenuate the luminance in the foreground to match the background. Gain Gain adjusts the softness of the key edges. A luminance key would typically have a high gain setting. A linear key would typically have a low gain setting, preserving the softness of the cut edge. Often, the trick to setting up a good key is the gain adjustment; too low allows imperfections of the cut signal to show through and too high creates ragged edges. Key Lift Key lift allows for fine adjustment of the level of saturation of the color selected to key out. Key lift is used to control spill suppression, removing shades of the keyed out color that have tainted the foreground objects or people. Key Memory The switcher can save settings for commonly used keys. Key memory saves the sources used for cut and fill as well as clip, gain, reverse, shape, and chroma key settings. This allows for 1 button recall of different keys, even on the same keyer and on-air if necessary. 45

46 Figure 8.11 KeyMem Activate and Set controls When Key Memory is on, the saved settings are recalled by selecting the fill source for any keyer. All the other settings are linked to the fill source. Another advantage of using Key Memory is to save from accidentally adjusting the key when on-air. When Key Memory is on, the key control block knobs are locked. Creating Key Memories Set up the key. Make sure to properly adjust all settings. Locate the Set Keymem button in the Take / Transition group. Hold down the Set Keymem button and then press the fill source for the key. The VFD should read Key Memory Set. Repeat for all common key configurations. Once a Key Memory is set, it can be recalled on any keyer. Using Key Memories Locate the Keymem On/Off button in the Take / Transition group. Press to turn on. When Key Memory is on, the button will be lit. Turn on a keyer and select the set Fill source. Selecting a Fill source that has been saved as a KeyMem will automatically recall the type of key, the cut source, and all other adjustments for the keyer. Saving Key Memories Key memories, like other recalls (See Recalls) should be saved to the Memory disk. To save, locate the Save Keymem button in the Memory group. Hold down the Save Keymem button and press Set Keymem in the Take / Transition group. The VFD should read KeyMem Saved followed by a short display of File Written. Figure Save KeyMem 46

47 Aux Selection Depending on your model of Echolab switcher, you will have between 8 and 12 fully routable auxiliary outputs available to you that are controlled from the AUX section of the panel. When selecting an auxiliary output, using the Top Bus. Assign the source to feed the designated selected output. All sources are available as a selection. As well as Program, Preview, and Clean-feed for each ME. This BUS can also be used to select the border transition source for ME1, for program preview, and the input source for my internal frame buffer. 47

48 Operation: DVE DVE Overview Opera comes standard with 2 Digital Video Effects generators (DVEs). One is for Key 1 and the other is for Key 2. These are shared by the MEs. If DVE 1 is on in DSK1, then it cannot be used simultaneously in ME1, Key1. DVE Selection To assign a DVE to a keyer, turn on the keyer, select the fill source on the ME Key bus, and press Reset/DVE. The selected source should appear half-screen and centered. If Border/Rotation is set to a value above 0, the border will also be applied. Locate the DVE / Wipe Control group. The respective DVE control selector should be lit, i.e., if DSK1 is selected with the DVE on, the DVE 1 button should be illuminated. Figure 8.1 Key control section, DVE highlighted DVE Reset To reset all DVE settings, press Shift + Reset/DVE for that keyer. The DVE will go full screen with no border. DVE Control Locate the DVE / Wipe Control group. Select the DVE to be controlled: DVE 1 for Key1 or DSK1, DVE 2 for Key2 or DSK2. Figure 8.2 DVE control selection for joystick 48

49 DVE Size and Positioning The joystick will control positioning and size of the DVE. Horizontal and vertical movement of the joystick will position the DVE accordingly. Rotating the joystick (z-axis) will adjust the size of the DVE. Turning the Soft/Size knob will also adjust the size. Horizontal and vertical size can be controlled independently. This is purposefully a two-switch action to prevent accidental distortion of the video. To adjust the horizontal size only, hold down Split HV and turn the Border/Rotation knob. To adjust the vertical size only, hold down Split HV and turn the Soft/Size knob. DVE Rotation To rotate the DVE, turn the Border/Rotation knob. DVE Border To apply a border to the DVE, hold down Shift and turn the Border/Rotation knob. The DVE color generators fill the border for the DVE. (See Operation: Sources and Transitions, Colors) To soften the border edge, hold down Shift and turn the Soft/Size knob. DVE Moves DVE moves can be set for immediate use, saved, and recalled later. Each move consists of 2 user-defined keyframes: A and B. From each keyframe, other moves are executable. Opera will interpolate the DVE action between the keyframes to create a smooth motion path. Figure 8.2 DVE move and keyframe control Setting Keyframes Locate the Keyframe block in the Memory group. There are 2 blocks of eight buttons. The left block is for DVE1. The right block is for DVE2. Position the DVE for Keyframe A (start of move). Press Set Keyframe A. Position the DVE for Keyframe B (end of move). Press Set Keyframe B. 49

50 Executing Keyframe moves After A and B keyframes are set, a number of moves are possible: When the DVE is at Keyframe A, Set Keyframe A will be lit. When the DVE is at Keyframe B, Set Keyframe B will be lit. To move from A to B, press Run to B. The move will execute at the rate specified as the Recall Rate. (See Operation: Sources and Transitions, Rates) To cut from A to B, press Shift + Run to B. The move will execute in 1 frame. To move from B to A, press Run to A. The move will execute at the rate specified as the Recall Rate. To cut from B to A, press Shift + Run to A. The move will execute in 1 frame. To move from either keyframe to full screen, press Run to Full. The move will execute at the rate specified as the Recall Rate. To cut from either keyframe to full screen, press Shift + Run to Full. The move will execute in 1 frame. To move from either keyframe to infinity (straight back from current position), press Run to Infinity. The move will execute at the rate specified as the Recall Rate. To cut from either keyframe to infinity, press Shift + Run to Infinity. The move will execute in 1 frame. After moving to infinity, press either Run to A or Run to B to return from the last infinity location. Run to Infinity also offers other executable moves. By entering a numeric argument, the DVE will move from it s current position to infinity, in a specified direction. Directional table for Run to Infinity: 1. Upper left 2. Upper center 3. Upper right 4. Left center 5. Center 6. Right center 7. Lower left 8. Lower center 9. Lower right Note: The table corresponds with the location of the numbers on the numeric keypad. To save a DVE move, enter a number and press Save Move(1) for DVE1, or Save Move(2) for DVE2. 50

51 Recalling Keyframe moves To recall a DVE move, enter a number and press Recall Move(1) for DVE1, or Recall Move(2) for DVE2. The DVE will always recall to Keyframe A. Creating Multi-keyframe moves You can link Saved Moves to create multiple keyframe moves. Position the DVE for Keyframe A (start of move). Press Set Keyframe A. Position the DVE for Keyframe B (end of move). Press Set Keyframe B. Enter a number (for this example, enter 10) and press Save Move(1) for DVE1, or Save Move(2) for DVE2. DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THE DVE POSITIONING OR SIZE. Press Set Keyframe A. Position the DVE for Keyframe B (end of move). Press Set Keyframe B. Enter a number (for this example, enter 11) and press Save Move(1) for DVE1, or Save Move(2) for DVE2. Repeat the above process until you have saved all the keyframes for the move. Recalling Multi-keyframe moves Recall (for this example 10). The DVE will position at Keyframe A. Then, Run to B. Recall (for this example 11). Because Keyframe A of DVE Move 11 is the same as Keyframe B of DVE Move 10, the DVE will not change. Then, Run to B. Repeat the above process until you have recalled all the keyframes for the move. 51

52 Partner Product Control Partner products are external devices that the switcher has been programmed to control via Ethernet, RS422 or RS232 connections. These protocols are optional. Check with your administrator to make sure which protocols were ordered with your switcher. Each protocol for controlling partner products is supplied with a Supplemental Manual for installation and control. Please refer to the Supplement for information. 52

53 Changing Switcher Configuration User Configurations and Memory The Opera's system-on-chip architecture provides for centralized storage of firmware and hardware configuration updates on a Compact Flash memory card. Up to eight custom or previous versions can be stored on the card. Multiple versions on the card allow for different users to customize their switcher for show-specific needs. User Configuration File Settings Opera has user options for functionality. More options will be added in future releases. There are 8 Modes available for users. Each Mode can have different user settings, recalls, and Key Memory settings. Wipes and Stills are shared by all user Modes. The optional settings are contained in User Configuration files on the Memory Card. Opera ships with 8 identical Modes. To access a user s Mode, select the Mode by number using the Mode Select switch on the chassis. Turn on the chassis. Opera will boot using that Mode. Editing User Configurations Remove the Memory Card (or use the second supplied card) and insert into the supplied Card Reader. Plug the card reader into a USB port of a separate computer and follow that computer s instructions to mount the Memory Card as a removable drive. Now you can view the contents of the Memory Card and edit files using MS Notepad or an equivalent program. Do not change the directory structure of the Memory Card. Do not delete config.txt or system.ace files. Do not format the Memory Card. Using Windows Explorer, or an equivalent program, open the Echolab folder to view the Mode folders. Select an operating Mode (0 through 7) and open the folder. Locate the file config.txt, and open using MS Notepad or an equivalent program. This is the User Configuration file for that Mode. Each Mode has a separate config.txt file. The User Configuration file will allow you to change software settings for the switcher. 1. Input source naming 2. X-point mapping of all sources 3. Tally mapping 4. GPI event settings 5. GPO event settings 6. M/E1 Flip-Flop option 7. Key Tie persist option 53

54 8. Aux Monitor Option / Selection 9. Lamp Saver Time out duration 10. PAL/NTSC selection 11. Ethernet settings When editing config.txt, do not move items or edit tables. Simply highlight and replace the values. It is recommended that you save a copy of the Memory Card to another location on your computer before you edit any files. When editing config.txt, do not move items or edit tables. Simply highlight and replace the values. Be Careful not to add, delete, or alter any punctuation. It is recommended that you save a copy of the Memory Card to another location on your computer before you edit any files. Editing User Configurations (see appendix) Opera 3716 Command List This is the list of Commands used in the Opera, mostly for installation and configuration. On the panel, enter the Command Number using the numberic keypad, then push COMM, and follow the instructions that apply to that Command. COMM Description 4 Displays software version 6 GVG On/Off: Use + to toggle. Only applies to systems with optional GVG protocol installed. 40 Inputs Format. Select Input on Preview bus. Initiate COMM 40. Use + to cycle through available analog formats, use - to toggle Framesync On/Off. 41 Aux Outputs Analog Format. Select desired Aux on Aux Slection bus. Initiate COMM 41. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 46 SAVE I/O Format selections. Initiate COMM 46. Use + to confirm. 50 Displays switcher IP address 51 Displays partner server IP address. Only applies to systems with X option server. Opera 3732 & 3932 Command List This is the list of Commands used in the Opera, mostly for installation and configuration. On the panel, enter the Command Number using the numberic keypad, then push COMM, and follow the instructions that apply to that Command. COMM Description 4 Displays software version 6 GVG On/Off: Use + to toggle. Only applies to systems with optional GVG protocol installed. 40 Inputs Format. Select Input on Preview bus. Initiate COMM 40. Use + to cycle through available analog formats, use - to toggle Framesync On/Off. 41 Aux Outputs Analog Format. Select desired Aux on Aux Slection bus. Initiate COMM 41. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 42 Pgm Out 1 Analog Format. Initiate COMM 42. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 43 Pgm Out 2 Analog Format. Initiate COMM 43. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 44 Pvw Out Analog Format. Initiate COMM 44. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 45 CLFD Out Analog Format. Initiate COMM 45. Use + / - to cycle through analog formats. (SDI output is always active) 46 SAVE I/O Format selections. Initiate COMM 46. Use + to confirm. 50 Displays switcher IP address 51 Displays partner server IP address. Only applies to systems with X option server. 54

55 Memory Recalls For each Mode, snapshots of panel settings can easily be saved and recalled. These are saved in the Recalls folder. The groups of recalls are: 1. Panels 2. Aux settings 3. Colors 4. DVE moves Recalls are not global. They are saved for the current operating Mode only. Each Mode has it s own set of recalls. To share recalls, they must be copied to the corresponding folder for the other Modes. Each group can have up to 99 recalls. Panels Panel memories are the most comprehensive recall. A panel memory saves ALL panel information. There are 99 panel recalls per Mode. All other recall categories are subsets of panels. Recalling a panel memory will override previous subset recalls (if different). Panel memories also recall KeyMems. (See Operation: Keyers, Key Memory) To Save a Panel: Locate the Memory group on the panel. To save a panel memory, enter a number and press Save Panel. To Load a Panel: To recall a panel memory, enter the number of the desired panel memory and press Recall Panel. The panel settings will instantly load to the switcher panel. NOTE: Program selection is part of a Panel. Loading a panel may change your current selection on Program. Recalling only ME1 Just the ME section of a Saved Panel may be recalled. In this way, Pgm, Pvw, and Aux settings will not be affected. To recall only the ME section of a Saved Panel, select ME1 Recall for ME1. Aux settings An Aux memory will recall the selected sources for all 8 Aux outputs. To Save an Aux recall: Locate the Memory group on the panel. To save an Aux memory for recall, enter a number and press Save Aux. To Load an Aux recall: To recall an Aux memory, enter the number of the desired Aux memory and press Recall Aux. The Aux outputs will switch immediately. 55

56 Colors Custom colors can be saved and recalled. A color memory saved for any colorizer can be recalled for that or any other colorizer. To Save a Color: Locate the Colorizers group on the panel. To save a color memory, enter a number and press Save Color. To Load a Color: Color Memory To recall a color memory, select the colorizer to recall to, enter the number of the desired color memory, and press Recall Color. DVE Moves DVE Moves can be saved and recalled. A DVE Move saved for either DVE can be recalled for that or the other DVE. To Save a DVE Move: Locate the DVE Control group on the panel. To save a DVE move, enter a number and press Save Move(1) for DVE1, or Save Move(2) for DVE2. To Recall a DVE Move: To recall a DVE move, enter a number and press Recall Move(1) for DVE1, or Recall Move(2) for DVE2. The DVE will always recall to Keyframe A. Memory Card Overview The Opera comes standard with a 256 Mb CompactFlash memory card, pre-loaded with a default configuration from the factory. This card must be present when the switcher is first turned on, but can then be removed at any time after the switcher has booted without affecting switcher operation. It must however, be present for any file I/O operations to take place. The Opera CompactFlash memory card interface has 2 main functions: Booting up the Opera hardware and software configuration Providing an industry-standard storage medium for stills and effects. Memory Card Slot / Compact Flash card 56

57 Supported Card Types The Opera switcher has been certified to operate with SanDisk CompactFlash memory cards up to 2 Gb in size. Due to the use of the FAT16 file system, cards larger than 2 Gb are not currently supported. Also, CompactFlash memory cards by manufacturers other than SanDisk Corp. are not certified to be compatible with the Opera, though other brands may be compatible. Some CompactFlash manufacturers, such as Lexar, have implemented high-speed caching for fast writes in digital photography applications. Memory cards with high-speed caching are not compatible with the Opera switcher. Disk Formats Opera supports a FAT16 file system, similar to many digital cameras. It has a further requirement that the card must have a maximum of 1 reserved sector in the Master Boot Record. This is compatible with the way Windows 98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000 format a FAT16 file system. Cards can be successfully re-formatted under any of the above operating systems using the following syntax: format volume [/fs:file-system] [/a:unitsize] for example: FORMAT D:/FS-FAT /A:1024 Formatting Memory Cards with Windows XP In Windows XP, the DOS format command formats the CF card with 2-8 reserved sectors depending on the density of the CF card. The DOS format command under Windows XP does not allow you to specify the number of reserved sectors needed, so an alternate formatting tool should be used. Some CF card readers are delivered with a disk formatting (or disk initialization) utility that formats the CF card with the expected default value of one reserved sector. You can install this utility or other third-party disk format utilities (that allow you to specify the number of reserved sectors) on your Windows XP machine and use it to format the CF card. Alternatively, you can use a non-windows XP machine or a digital camera to format the CF card. Once the CF card is correctly formatted, you can use Windows XP to perform normal file access (read/write) operations without causing any additional problems. Echolab has also found a third-party utility on the web that can be used to successfully re-format a CF card to make it compatible with the Opera switcher. This utility, mkdosfs.exe, can be found at the following Web site: Use the default mkdosfs command to format the CF card. For example: c:\> mkdosfs D: The default mkdosfs command automatically formats the CF card in either FAT12 or FAT16 format, with at least two sectors-per-cluster, and only one reserved sector. 57

58 Opera File and Directory Structure See Figure 21 for a sample of a typical directory image of a Opera CF card image Root directory Starting from the root directory, there is a single file named xilinx.sys that must not be edited or removed. This is an Echolab-generated file that points Opera to the appropriate sub-directories to boot the Opera system. There is also one file folder named echolab. This also must not be re-named or moved. See example chart overleaf. 58

59 Figure 21. Typical memory card directory structure 59

60 Mode Sub-Directories Within the Echolab folder, there are eight different mode directories, named appropriately mode0 through mode7. These correspond to the mode switch on the back-panel of the Opera, and contain the system and user files for each of the eight boot modes available on the mode switch, The system.ace file is a large binary file containing all the hardware and software files used to boot and run Opera. There are no user-editable functions within the system.ace file. Each mode sub-directory also has a config.txt file that stores user preferences for the way the switcher boots up in that mode. These user preferences include source naming and mapping, tally mapping and many other functions associated with customizing the switcher. See Appendix B on page 85 for more details about this file. There may also be a key.mem file in the mode sub-directory. If any key memories have ever been set up and saved while operating in this mode, this is the binary file where all those key memory parameters such as clip, gain and key source will be stored. No user editable functions here key memories are set up and saved from the switcher frontpanel only. NTSC and PAL Sub-Directories While the mode sub-directories hold information specific to a certain boot mode, the NTSC and/or PAL subdirectories contain files that are globally known from any boot mode. It is here that there are common storage sub-directories for full color stills, luminance-only alpha stills, and the targa files used for organic wipes. Stills This directory contains full 24-bit color stills used with the Opera s color frame-buffer functions. Stills in this directory are sequentially named as STILLxxx.nov, so that the stills can be recalled by number from the front-panel. The stills are stored in an Echolab specific.nov file format, in native 4:2:2. A Photoshop plug-in is available to read and write files in this format, as well as a pc-based graphics utility for file conversions. Alphas This directory contains 8-bit alpha s that can be recalled into the alpha frame buffer. These files are also sequentially named ALPHAxxx.tga, for easy recall. Note that these files are stored in a standard, un-compressed 8-bit TARGA file format. Wipes This directory contains all the organic wipe patterns used by Opera. These files are sequentially named WIPExxx.tga, for easy recall. Note that these files are stored in a standard, un-compressed 8-bit TARGA file format, just like the alpha-channel files. Root Sub-Directory This sub-directory contains html files that are served up by the internal web-server when the Opera switcher is called up on a network. 60

61 Network Interfaces The Opera Video Switcher executes three network services to help you manage your switcher. Opera may also act as a client, and contact servers that contain the Echolab Partner Products, such as a Character Generator or Clip Store. Servers Opera runs the following services: Server Description Protocol Port HTTP Status Web Pages TCP/IP 80 TFTP Trivial File Transfer UDP 69 XML_RPC Remote Procedure Call TCP/IP 6000 PING ICMP Finding Your Opera All devices on a network must have an IP address. You must know the address of your Opera before you can access it over the network. Opera may obtain an IP address by two methods. Static IP address: The IP address is assigned manually, and must be included in the switcher configuration file. DHCP: Opera will search the network for a DHCP server, that will assign an available IP address to the switcher automatically. DHCP must be enabled in the switcher configuration file. It is disabled by default. To display the current IP address of the switcher, pres the IP ADDR button on the IO Menu Page. The current IP address will be shown in the display. If the display reads then the switcher is still trying to contact the DHCP server. Check the network connections, and the status of your DHCP server. Ping is a common network utility that is used to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible. It works by sending low level communication packets to a device, and waiting for a reply. Once the switcher obtains an IP address, it becomes ping-able. Ping is only used for network troubleshooting. 61

62 HTTP Server The HTTP server allows you to read status and configuration information from the switcher using a standard web browser. You access the home page at using the switchers current IP address, by entering into the URL line of your web browser as follows. TFTP Server The TFTP server allows image files to be transferred between the switcher's frame buffers a computer across the network. You will most often use this server indirectly through the Graphics Import Utility, described in Importing and Exporting Opera Graphics. The server supports the transfer of two file types: Color images are transferred in a file format that matches the native resolution and colorspace of video signals. The image is 4:2:2 YCbCr interlaced, with dimensions that match the active region of either NTSC or PAL video. A Photoshop Format Conversion Plugin is supplied to make seamless conversions between this format and all popular graphics formats. The format conversion plugin is described in Importing and Exporting Opera Graphics on page 71. The Alpha channel frame buffer is loaded with a standard, 8 bit monochrome Targa image. These files can be read and written with most popular graphics and paint applications. The files are not written directly to the switcher's Compact Flash Card. They are loaded into one of the framebuffers. The framebuffer can then be saved to the Compact Flash Card by using the Framebuffer Menu Page of the front panel. Opera determines the destination of the file transfer by examining the extension of the file name used for the file transfer. Rows File Name Format Columns NTSC PAL *.nov 4:2:2 YCbCr interlaced *.tga Monochrom Targa

63 XML-RPC Server The switcher may be controlled remotely through the XML-RPC server. XML_RPC allows software running on disparate operating systems, running in different environments to make procedure calls over the Internet. It is remote procedure calling using HTTP as the transport and XML as the encoding. XML-RPC is designed to be as simple as possible, while allowing complex data structures to be transmitted, processed and returned. The XML-RPC home page can be found at It contains a list of implementations, that permit you to build a client in just about any language you may be working in, including many internet scripting languages. The XML-RPC server is documented in a separate Developers Kit. Partner Product Control Opera controls Echolab Partner Products using a proprietary protocol to communicate with the computers that contain the Partner Applications and Hardware. These protocols are optional. Check with your administrator to make sure which protocols were ordered with your switcher. You will use this interface indirectly though the Partner Product Menu pages of the Opera front panel. See Partner Product Control and the Supplemental Manual for your partner product option for details. The PC that controls the partner product must be properly configured, and accessible on the network. The IP addresses of the Partner Product PCs must be known by Opera. They are entered in the switcher configuration file. See Appendix B: Configuration File Format (page 85) for detailed information about editing the configuration file. The protocol uses small, fixed length packets, transmitted over the UDP. Opera contacts the servers on port 34000, and listens for return traffic on port

64 Importing and Exporting Opera Graphics The Opera family of switchers has optional software that enables you to use graphics effectively with your video production. The Opera Graphics Utility The Opera Graphics Utility is an optional software application for exchanging images between a computer running the Windows operating system and the frame buffer of the Opera switcher. It also converts image files to and from the following formats: File Format Opera proprietary image format Targa Files 24 and 32 bit Windows Bitmap Image Graphics Interchange Format Joint Photographic Experts Group Portable Network Graphics Extension.nov.tga.bmp.gif.jpg or.jpeg.png Photoshop Format Conversion Plug-In The utility software includes a plug-in module for Adobe Photoshop image-editing software. If you have Photoshop software, installing this plug-in allows you to open and edit.nov files with Photoshop. It also converts any Photoshopcompatible image with the appropriate color mode and size directly to the.nov format. System Requirements The Opera Graphics Utility is compatible with computers running the Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system. Image Size and Aspect Ratio The Opera switcher operates in both PAL and NTSC video standards. Both PAL and NTSC video monitors have an aspect ratio of 4:3, but the active image areas have different numbers of pixels. Standard Horizontal Pixels Vertical Pixels NTSC PAL Neither standard has the square pixels that are customary in the world of graphics on computer displays. You must work with your image editing tool to control aspect ratio distortion when your graphics are displayed on video screens with non-square pixels. The gamut, or acceptable color range, of video images is smaller than the gamut of computer images. Very saturated and bright colors produce gamut errors when converted to video. Some image editing tools provide filters to help you work within the limited range of legal video colors. There are many external references that contain helpful information on managing the aspect. Installation and Setup 64

65 Installing and Setting Up the Utility To install and set up the Opera Graphics Utility: 1 Insert the Opera CD into the CD-drive of your computer. 2 Wait for the installation program to start. (If it does not, click the Windows Start button, click Run, click Browse, navigate to the CD-drive, double-click setup.exe, and then click OK.) 3 Follow instructions on the screen to complete the installation. 4 Remove the CD from the drive. 5 Click the Windows Start button, point to Programs, point to Opera, and then click Opera Graphics Utility. 6 When the utility starts, click the Settings tab. 7 Type the network IP address for the Opera switcher in the Opera IP Address box. 8 Type the path to the local or network-drive folder you use for storing image files or click the browse button and select the folder. 9 Select a default video format (NTSC or PAL) for your images. Installing the Photoshop Plug-In If you are running Adobe Photoshop software and want to install the Opera plug-in for opening and editing.nov files with Photoshop, follow these steps: 1 If you have not already done so, install and set up the Opera Graphics Utility as described in the previous section. 2 Exit from the Photoshop program if it is running. 3 Copy the file EcholabOpera.8bi from C:\Program Files\Echolab Opera\Echolabs Graphics Utility\PhotoshopPlugin to the \PlugIns\File Formats sub-folder in the Photoshop program files folder. 4 Restart the Photoshop program. Transferring Images to the Opera Frame Buffer Use the steps below to transfer an image from your computer to the Opera frame buffer. The Opera switcher and the computer must be connected to the network and the switcher IP address must be entered on the Settings tab as described in Installation and Setup on page 73, before images can be transferred between the computer and the switcher. 1 From the Conversion tab, click Open and select the file to be transferred. Note: You can also drag the image file from a Windows Explorer window and drop it into the picture area of the Conversion tab. 2 To transfer the color image to the Opera frame buffer, click Export Color. To transfer only the alpha channel of the image, click Export Alpha. Note: The image is in the frame buffer and is not stored on the Opera memory card. To save the image on the memory card, see page XX. If the selected image is not of the exact size required for video display, the software will re-sample the image, and convert it to the correct dimensions before sending it to the Opera. This may distort the aspect ratio of your image when it is displayed. 65

66 Capturing Images from the Opera Frame Buffer Use the steps below to save the image from the Opera frame buffer on your computer local or network drive of your computer. 1 From the Conversion tab, click Import to display the image from the Opera frame buffer in the image area of the Conversion tab. 2 Click Save As and select a drive and folder for the image file. Select a file format, type a file name, and click Save. Converting Images Use these steps to convert an image file to another format: 1 From the Conversion tab, click Open and select the file to be converted. Note: You can also drag the image file from a Windows Explorer window and drop it into the picture area of the Conversion tab. 2 Click Save As and select a drive and folder for the image file. Select a file format, type a file name, and click Save. Using the Photoshop Plug-In Module When using Adobe Photoshop and the Opera Graphics Utility plug-in to save an image in the.nov format, you must resize the image to 720x486 pixels (NTSC) or 720x576 pixels (PAL) and convert the image color mode to RGB before saving. Attempting to save an image with other dimensions or a different color mode will display a file-format module interface error. For more information about resizing images or changing color mode, see your Photoshop instructions or online help. 66

67 Appendix A: Warranty Information Echolab Opera Swap Limited Warranty Echolab, INC warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 3 years from the date of purchase. If a product proves to be defective during this warranty period, Echolab, INC will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. In order to obtain service under this warranty, you the Customer, must notify Echolab, INC of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Echolab, INC shall pay for the delivery of the replacement product to the Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which an Echolab, INC service center is located. The Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, insurance, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations. Upon receipt of replacement product, the Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to a designated service center nominated by Echolab, LLC, with shipping charges prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Echolab, INC shall not be obligated to perform service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Echolab, INC representatives to install, repair, or service the product, b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment, c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-echolab, INC parts or supplies, or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such a modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product. THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY ECHOLAB, INC IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. ECHOLAB, INC AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ECHOLAB, LLC S RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUTS IS THE WHOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEMDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER ECHOLAB, INC OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 67

68 Appendix B: Technical Terms and Abbreviations The following terms are used throughout this manual. Back Panel Value The input module position on the I/O frame. Commands Numeric extended controls for functions not accessible from the front panel. To access the commands, enter the command number on the numeric keypad and then press COMM. Front Panel Value The X-Point button which has a back panel value. The back panel value may be the same or different depending on whether remapping of sources has occurred. I/O Input, output. Panel The switcher control panel. Key The effect of electronically cutting one image into another including luminance, chroma, linear, and high gain. Each type of key provides a different method of cutting the foreground image into the background image. Keyer Dedicated controls on the control panel or Commander indicating the status and type of key used on an M/E. M/E A mix/effects bus, which includes the program/preview bus as M/E 0. Mix/Wipe Dedicated controls on each M/E which determine the type of transition between the A (Program) and B (Preview) bus. Opera Chassis The 16 Input / 8 Output or 32 Input / 16 Output main frame Operator and User The person operating the Opera switcher Remapping Assigning an input or back panel value to a X-Point. Transition A mix effect or wipe effect. VFD Vacuum fluorescent display, or the common display located at the top of the control panel next to the numeric keypad. X-Point The bus source or input button (crosspoint) 68

69 Appendix C: Configuration File Format The configuration file contains settings that customize your switcher for your local environment. The settings are grouped into the following categories: Video standard Source names and mapping GPIO Network configuration The complete list of config file keywords is in the following table. Configuration File Keywords Keyword Argument Type Description PAL 0 or 1 Select NTSC or PAL video standard 0 = NTSC 1 = PAL source_names Array of Strings Four character names for external sources button_map Array of Integers Mapping of sources to panel buttons tally_map Array of Integers Mapping of sources to tally outputs GPI_events Array of Integers Mapping of switcher actions to GP Inputs GPO_events Array of Integers Mapping of GP outputs to switcher actions DHCP 0 or 1 Select Static or Dynamic IP address mac_addr xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx Unique hardware address for ethernet ip_addr Dotted Quads IP address of the switcher ip_gateway Dotted Quads IP address of the gateway ip_mask Dotted Quads Subnet mask Configuration File Keywords (continued) Keyword Argument Type Description cg_address Dotted Quads IP address of the character generator computer store_address Dotted Quads IP address of the still store computer clip_address Dotted Quads IP address of the clip store computer dve_address Dotted Quads IP address of the DVE computer File Syntax Comments Everything following two consecutive slashes to the end of a line is a comment. Starting a line with two slash makes the entire line a comment. Use comments to document your configuration and make it easier to understand. Opera 1716/32 Check updates 69

70 Assignments The configuration file is a sequence of assignments. An assignment is defined as follows. Keyword = Argument ; The complete list of legal keywords are listed on page 85. Keywords are case sensitive. The types of arguments permitted are shown below. integer string IP addr MAC addr array Integers are a sequence of numeric digits [0-9] Strings are enclosed between quotation marks, and may contain any printable characters. IP addresses are entered in the familiar 'dotted quads' format used in networking. An address is four integers separated by periods. The integers must be in the range 0 to 255. No spaces are allowed within the IP Address. ExampleIP address: A MAC address is entered as six pairs of hexadecimal digits, separated by dashes. A hexadecimal digit is a numeric digit [0-9] or a letter in the range [A-F]. Example MAC address: B-DD-C1-3E. An array is enclosed in curly brackets. The brackets contain a list of elements separated by commas. Notice that there is n comma between the last element of the list and the closing curly bracket. Example array of integers: {9,19,60} { integer }, Example array of strings: {"foo","bar","echo","lab"} Whitespace Tabs, spaces and carriage returns are ignored between tokens. configuration file in a readable style. Use whitespace to format your { string }, Opera 1716/32 Check updates 70

71 Keyword Details PAL Set the PAL variable to choose the desired video standard. source_names PAL = 1; // Selects PAL 625 line standard PAL = 0; // Selects NTSC 525 line standard The source_names keyword accepts an array of source names that will be displayed above the crosspoint selection buttons of the Opera panel. The array must contain exactly 16 strings. Each string should be 4 characters long. The first element in the array is the name of the video source that is connected to the first physical BNC of the Opera chassis. The rest of the names follow in order through all of the inputs. Opera 1716/32 Check updates 71

72 button_map This array assigns sources to front panel crosspoint buttons. The sources that may be assigned to a crosspoint button are the external video inputs, as well as the internal sources such as colors and framebuffer. The array must contain exactly 32 elements The first 16 elements assign sources to the unshifted crosspoints The next 16 elements assign sources to the shifted crosspoints Each source number should be mapped to at most one key The complete list of source numbers is shown in the table below Unused buttons should be mapped to 99 Source Number Name Black Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Input 4 Input 5 Input 6 Input 7 Input 8 Input 9 Input 10 Input 11 Input 12 Input 13 Input 14 Input 15 Input 16 Genlock reserved Color 1 Color 2 Alpha Framebuffer Unmapped Opera 1716/32 Check updates 72

73 GPI_events This array assigns switcher events that are triggered when a contact closure is detected on the general purpose inputs. The events that may be assigned are shown in the table below. Event Number 0 off Name 1 Cut 2 Auto 3 DSK1 Auto 4 DSK2 Auto 5 FadeToBlack The first element of the array is the event that will be triggered when a contact closure is sensed on GPI1. GPO_events This array assigns switcher events to will trigger GPO relay closure. The list of events that may trigger a GPO is the same as above. The first element of the array is the switcher event that will cause the relay on GPO1 to close. DHCP Determines whether the switcher will attempt to contact a DHCP server to obtain an IP address. If DHCP is enabled, any static IP address specified for the switcher in the configuration file will be ignored. mac_addr Each device on a network must have a unique hardware address assigned to it. The MAC address of your switcher has been assigned at the factory from a pool of unique addresses assigned by the IEEE Registration Authority. You should never need to change this address. ip_addr Assigns a statically allocated IP address to the switcher. You should obtain a static IP address from your Network Administrator ip_gateway The address of your local gateway. You should obtain the address from your Network Administrator ip_mask Defines the subnetwork mask. Consult your Network Administrator to determine the proper value for network. Commonly is the correct value. Partner Product Servers The addresses of the computers that are hosting the partner products must be know by the switcher to allow control from the Opera panel. Consult your Network Administrator to determine their addresses. cg_address clip_address store_address dve_address Opera 1716/32 Check updates 73

74 Editing User Configurations Input source naming: External sources can be named by editing the following section: // Supply Names for the 16 SDI Inputs // // Maximum of four characters displayed on panel LED strip // source_names = { "In1", // Input 1 "In2", // Input 2 "In3", // Input 3 "In4", // Input 4 "In5", // Input 5 "In6", // Input 6 "In7", // Input 7 "In8", // Input 8 "In9", // Input 9 "In10", // Input 10 "In11", // Input 11 "In12", // Input 12 "In13", // Input 13 "In14", // Input 14 "In15", // Input 15 "In16" // Input 16 Only external input sources can be named. When editing, highlight the current name and replace with new name, not to exceed four characters, for example, "In1", // Input 1 can be changed to "Cam1", // Input 1. User Configurations and Memory (con t) Editing User Configurations Crosspoint (x-point) mapping Any input can be mapped to any available crosspoint (x-point). Opera 1716/32 Check updates 74

75 Refer to the following table: // Table of Crosspoint Values (Do not edit!) // // Black = 0 // Input 1 = 1 // Input 2 = 2 // Input 3 = 3 // Input 4 = 4 // Input 5 = 5 // Input 6 = 6 // Input 7 = 7 // Input 8 = 8 // Input 9 = 9 // Input 10 = 10 // Input 11 = 11 // Input 12 = 12 // Input 13 = 13 // Input 14 = 14 // Input 15 = 15 // Input 16 = 16 // Color 1 = 17 // Color 2 = 18 // Alpha 0 = 19 // Alpha 1 = 20 // Frame Buffer = 21 // // Empty = 99 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 75

76 Editing User Configurations To assign an input to an x-point, refer to the above table and edit the following: // Assign sources to control panel buttons // button_map = { 0, // Button 1 2, // Button 2 3, // Button 3 4, // Button 4 5, // Button 5 6, // Button 6 7, // Button 7 8, // Button 8 9, // Button 9 10, // Button 10 11, // Button 11 12, // Button 12 13, // Button 13 14, // Button 14 15, // Button 15 16, // Button 16 1, // Shifted Button 1 99, // Shifted Button 2 99, // Shifted Button 3 99, // Shifted Button 4 99, // Shifted Button 5 99, // Shifted Button 6 99, // Shifted Button 7 99, // Shifted Button 8 99, // Shifted Button 9 99, // Shifted Button 10 99, // Shifted Button 11 17, // Shifted Button 12 18, // Shifted Button 13 19, // Shifted Button 14 20, // Shifted Button // Shifted Button 16 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 76

77 For example, to map Input 6 to X-point 14, the line should read: 6, // Button 14 Editing User Configurations (con t) GPI event settings General purpose input triggers can be assigned. Refer to the following table: // Table of GPIO Events (Do not edit!) // // Off = 0 // // ME0_CUT = 1 // ME0_AUTO = 2 // ME0_K1_AUTO = 3 // ME0_K2_AUTO = 4 // // ME1_CUT = 5 // ME1_AUTO = 6 // ME1_K1_AUTO = 7 // ME1_K2_AUTO = 8 // // FadeToBlack = 9 To assign, edit the following: GPI_events = { 2, // GPI_1 -> ME0_AUTO 3, // GPI_2 -> ME0_K1_AUTO 9 // GPI_3 -> FadeToBlack To change GPI 1 to trigger a ME1 Cut, the line should read: 5, // GPI_1 -> ME1 Cut (editing the description is optional) Opera 1716/32 Check updates 77

78 Editing User Configurations (con t) GPO event settings General purpose output triggers can be assigned. Refer to the following table: // Table of GPIO Events (Do not edit!) // // Off = 0 // // ME0_CUT = 1 // ME0_AUTO = 2 // ME0_K1_AUTO = 3 // ME0_K2_AUTO = 4 // // ME1_CUT = 5 // ME1_AUTO = 6 // ME1_K1_AUTO = 7 // ME1_K2_AUTO = 8 // // FadeToBlack = 9 To assign, edit the following: GPO_events = { 0, // GPO_1 event -> off 0 // GPO_2 event -> off To change GPO 1 to be triggered by a M/E1 Cut, the line should read: 5, // GPO_1 event -> off (editing the description is optional) Opera 1716/32 Check updates 78

79 Editing User Configurations (con t) Flip-flop mode for ME1 (On/Off): Flip-flop mode for ME1 means that when a transition is executed, the selected x-points on the A and B busses will exchange placement. In Flip-Flop mode the on-line source is always on the A bus. This replicates ME0 (Program / Preview). Turning Flip-flop mode off will leave selected crosspoints on their respective buses and the brighter x-point lamp will indicate the on-air source. This is the default setting. To turn Flip-Flop for ME1 on, edit the following: me1_flip_flop = 0; // 0: default, not in flip-flop mode // 1: Make ME1 flip-flop The new line should read: me1_flip_flop = 1; // 0: default, not in flip-flop mode // 1: Make ME1 flip-flop NOTE: ME1 Pvw always displays the off-line bus, in flip-flop or non flip-flop. Key tie persist By default, Key tie turns off following the next take transition. (See Operations: Keyers, Key Tie) To keep Key tie on (persist) until it is manually turned off, edit the following: key_tie_persist = 0; // 0: Key Tie is cleared after one transition // 1: Key remains tied through multiple transitions The new line should read: key_tie_persist = 1; // 0: Key Tie is cleared after one transition // 1: Key remains tied through multiple transitions Opera 1716/32 Check updates 79

80 Editing User Configurations (con t) Aux Monitor selection Any of Aux 1 through 12 can be assigned as an Aux output monitor. This will enable the user to view the currently selected output of any aux output through the selected Aux Monitor output. The default is that no Aux output is designated as the Aux Monitor output: aux_monitor = 0; To assign an Aux output as the Aux Monitor output, edit the following to show the number of the desired Aux output (1 through 12). For example, to assign Aux 8, the new line should read: aux_monitor = 8; Lamp Saver timeout The panel lamps will turn off after a specified time after the last panel event. The time limit can be assigned by editing the following line: lamp_saver_time = ; Note: as stated in the config file, the time is entered as frames. PAL/NTSC selection Opera Version 1.1 is NTSC or PAL switchable by making a change in the Configuration file. Find the section of the file: // PAL/NTSC selection // // 0 -> NTSC // 1 -> PAL // PAL = 0; Note the value on the line, PAL =0;. If the value is 0, the system is set for NTSC. To change to PAL, change the value to 1, i.e. PAL =1;. Opera 1716/32 Check updates 80

81 Ethernet hardware The Ethernet port is T-base 10/100. The network settings can be adjusted in the Configuration file. Find the section of the file: // Ethernet hardware MAC address // mac_addr = BC ; // // Configure the TCP/IP port // ip_addr = ; ip_gateway = ; ip_mask = ; DHCP = 0; hostname = "EcholabOpera"; The system comes with an assigned, legal mac address. You should not change this address. Use the ip addressing section to assign hard address information, if you are not using a DHCP server on your network. If you choose to use DHCP, change the line DHCP = 0 to DHCP = 1. You can also change the hostname is you desire. At any time you can confirm the IP address of the switcher by pressing the IP ADDR switch. The IP address will display on the panel. NOTE: On X systems, if you change the address of the Opera switcher, you must also make this change on the Echolab server. Launch the Echolab Workstation Settings from the icon on the desktop. Enter the new ip address in the box under Opera Network Settings / Switcher IP address. After making the changes, reboot the server. Opera 1716/32 Check updates 81

82 Tally Mapping The 32 tally connections are available for any input to the switcher. The tally connection can be set in the Configuration file. Find the section of the file: tally_map = { }; 1, // Tally Connector 1 2, // Tally Connector 2 3, // Tally Connector 3 4, // Tally Connector 4 5, // Tally Connector 5 6, // Tally Connector 6 7, // Tally Connector 7 8, // Tally Connector 8 9, // Tally Connector 9 10, // Tally Connector 10 11, // Tally Connector 11 12, // Tally Connector 12 13, // Tally Connector 13 14, // Tally Connector 14 15, // Tally Connector 15 16, // Tally Connector 16 1, // Tally Connector 17 2, // Tally Connector 18 3, // Tally Connector 19 4, // Tally Connector 20 5, // Tally Connector 21 6, // Tally Connector 22 7, // Tally Connector 23 8, // Tally Connector 24 9, // Tally Connector 25 10, // Tally Connector 26 11, // Tally Connector 27 12, // Tally Connector 28 13, // Tally Connector 29 14, // Tally Connector 30 15, // Tally Connector // Tally Connector 32 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 82

83 Editing User Configurations (con t) Tally (con t) There are 16 tally positions on the table. By default the inputs are mapped directly; Input 1 to tally 1, Input 2 to tally 2Assign any input to any position. For example, to have Input 1 trigger tally 1 AND tally 3, the table would look like this: tally_map = {,etc. 1, // Tally Connector 1 2, // Tally Connector 2 1, // Tally Connector 3 4, // Tally Connector 4 5, // Tally Connector 5 6, // Tally Connector 6 Tallies 1 through 8 are physically on Tally A. Tallies 9 through 16 are on Tally B. Tallies 17 through 23 are on Tally C. Tallies 24 through 32 are on Tally D. Opera 1716/32 Check updates 83

84 Appendix D: Organic Wipe Library Standard Organic Wipes Opera 1716/32 Check updates 84

85 2 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 85

86 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 86

87 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 87

88 Optional Organic Wipes Opera 1716/32 Check updates 88

89 6 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 89

90 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 90

91 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 91

92 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 92

93 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 93

94 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 94

95 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 95

96 13 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 96

97 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 97

98 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 98

99 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 99

100 Opera 1716/32 Check updates 100

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