BNCE VR03: Video Recorders (VRs) Government Standards Evidence Base 2009: Policy Scenario

Transcription

1 BNCE VR03: Video Recorders (VRs) Government Standards Evidence Base 2009: Policy Scenario Version 1.1 This Briefing Note and referenced information is a public consultation document and will be used to inform Government decisions. The information and analysis forms part of the Evidence Base created by Defra s Market Transformation Programme. 1 Introduction The Policy Scenario is a projection of what would happen if a defined set of new product-specific and related cross-cutting policies were implemented. The policies in the policy scenario have not yet been agreed or funded but represent those policies which are expected to be introduced as well as likely future revisions to existing policies and, in some cases, novel policy options. These policies aim to improve the average efficiency of products in the stock through a variety of mechanisms (e.g. minimum standards, product information and labelling, procurement, incentives) and thus reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions resulting from to these products. As product policy is considered within the context of climate change policy, the UK government considers policies with a net UK costs of up to around 20 per tonne of CO2 saved (compared to the reference scenario). The ambition level, at a minimum, matches the Least Life Cycle Cost (LLCC) level to society of increased energy efficiency of products. The costs for each policy, where known, are also included, separated out for government, consumer and industry. Product definition Domestic VR devices are those products which record or playback a video stream to an external display - the product will not include a tuner except where the media is removable. Definitions of each VR type are included in Table 1. Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

2 This product group comprises domestic audio visual (AV) players and recorders, using for example, Disc ( 1 /BD 2 ) 3, SSD 4, but not including, products whose primary function is the reception of broadcasting (e.g. Set-top boxes (STBs) for TVs) and battery operated personal multimedia products with an AV storage and playback function 5. Video Cassette Recorders (VCRs) are included Table 1 Definitions of VR types VR Type VCR player recorder (R) recorder with hard disk drive (R ) HD player HD recorder Blu-ray player Blu-ray recorder (BDR) Blu-ray recorder with hard disk drive (BDR ) Other new VR format Definition Video Cassette Recorder Digital Versatile Disk player Digital Versatile Disk recorder Digital Versatile Disk recorder with built in hard disk recorder High Definition Digital Versatile Disk player developed by Toshiba but recently discontinued in the market in favour of Blu-ray High Definition Digital Versatile Disk recorder developed by Toshiba but recently discontinued in the market in favour of Blu-ray High Definition successor to player, (Note - BD is the industry acronym for Blu-ray) High Definition successor to recorder High Definition successor to recorder with built in hard disk recorder As yet unidentified new technology assumed to be based on some form of solid state format (eg,ssd = Solid State Drive) 1 includes High Definition (HD ) 2 BD = Blu-ray, 3 = Hard Disk Drive recorders 4 SSD = Solid State Disk devices with flash memory or SD card or similar technology 5 Description taken from first stakeholder questionnaire for ecodesign prep study lot 3 Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

3 2 Scenario outputs Figure 1 Annual energy consumption in GWh Table 2 Summary energy consumption and savings and CO 2 6 emissions and savings Energy Consumption (GWh) VCR BD BD-Players BD-Recorders Players Recorders HD-Players HD-Recorders Other-New TOTAL Energy Savings (GWh) VCR BD BD-Players Refer to BNXS01 Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for UK Energy Use for further details on factors used. Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

4 BD-Recorders Players Recorders HD-Players HD-Recorders Other-New TOTAL CO 2 Emissions (MtCO 2 ) VCR BD BD-Players BD-Recorders Players Recorders HD-Players HD-Recorders Other-New TOTAL CO 2 Emissions Savings (MtCO 2 ) VCR BD BD-Players BD-Recorders Players Recorders HD-Players HD-Recorders Other-New TOTAL Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

5 Table 3 Summary costs and benefits 7 Average annual energy savings ( m) Average annual product & policy cost increases ( m) Net Benefit ( m) Cost Effectiveness (traded) ( /tco 2 ) VR VR products spend the majority of their time in mode; and this is the mode which offers the greatest opportunity for improvement. However, the reference scenario already incorporates the effect of the ErP power directive - thus setting an upper limit for further efficiency improvement of these devices. Nevertheless, the best (currently) available technology products already have levels below the 2013 ErP level of 0.5W, and so it is possible that via ErP a further revision to a lower level of 0.3W in 2013 could be implemented. Industry sources advise that all this year s (2009) product ranges already incorporate an auto- power down feature to switch to a short time after playback has finished. 7 Refer to BNXS26 Rationale for Policy Cost Estimates used in MTP Policy Briefs for further details on CBA factors used. Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

6 Table Government standards and Standby Policy Ave BDR BD player BDR R player R HD HD R Other New Tech VCR year Percentage sales BDR BD player BDR R player R HD HD R % 1% 11% 69% 11% - - 1% - Typical stock unit energy consumption (kwh) Average BDR BD player BDR R Other New Tech player R HD HD R VCR Other New Tech VCR The performance levels and timings for each of the policy measures in the policy mix are given below. Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

7 Table 5 Current policies & measures, Policy Scenario Year Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPs) /ErP 2013 BD player: 3W/0.3W on-idle/ BDR: 5W/0.3W on-idle/ BDR : 12W/0.3W on-idle/ player: 2W/0.3W on-idle/ R: 4W/0.3W on-idle/ R : 11W/0.3W on-idle/ New other : 3W/0.3W on-idle/ 2015 BDR : 5W on-idle R : 5W on-idle Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

8 3 Potential future policies & measures In this model it is assumed that it will be possible to introduce an ErP revision of power to an even lower level of 0.3W in 2013 Table 6 Potential future policies & measures, Policy Scenario Policy name Regulation (EC) 1275/2008 implementin g Directive 2005/32/EC. Standby ErP vertical implementin g measure on Sound and Imaging (with measure for video recorders) Period in force From Assumed supersed ed in , 2015 second requirem ent Table 4a: Test Standards Test Standard name Description Impact Cost Justification 1W/2W for 2010 (in reference line) Assumed 2013: 0.3W. Onidle for VRs with to be equivalent to Regulation (EC) 107/2009 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC. Simple set top boxes. for all other devices 5W or less. 2015: power for VRs with 5W. Date in force Description 100% of the market affected 100% of the market affected None None Comments Superseded by vertical ErP IM for VRs. Standby time constitutes a large proportion of total energy consumption; manufacturers have already demonstrated 0.3W in products on the market. IEC 62087: Methods of measurement for the power consumption of audio, video and related equipment Does not cover BD products specifically, but does cover VCR. Used where applicable IEC 62301: Household electrical appliances Measurement of power IEC 62301:2 Currently at 2 nd Household electrical appliances committee draft Measurement of power stage anticipated publication date July 2009 Used for measurement of and active Will supersede edition 1 - Use for measurement of and active mode. Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

9 3.1 Policy timeline The following policy timeline identifies when policies come into effect, including future revisions Policy name Regulation (EC) 278/2009 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC. External power supplies Regulation (EC) 1275/2008 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC. Standby New ErP vertical implementing measure for Sound and Imaging (video recorders) Current specifica tion in force Entry into force April 2009 Entry into force Jan 2009 Agreed first tier active mode efficien cy and no load power require ments Agreed first tier 1W/ 2W power. Agreed second tier active mode efficien cy and no load power require ments Revisio n no later than 2013 Supers eded by ErP measur e for VRs Propos ed first tier. Standb y 0.3W : 5W (no ) 12W (with ) Propos ed second tier. : 5W for VR with Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

10 4 Efficiency 4.1 Summary Three power modes are addressed in the power efficiency: o On power when the device is actively playing or recording media. o power when the device has finished playing/recording and is displaying either a waiting screen or TV from integrated tuner o Standby power when device is providing no function other than reactiviation function and status light The energy efficiency modelling is based upon the kwh power level consumed by the product over one year. This is built up from the modal power consumption (in Watts) and an estimate of the amount of time the product spends in each of three modes on, on-idle and (in hours per year). The majority of consumption data was derived by measurement for each type and forms the basis of the model, except for the other new technology based on SSD, where it is assumed that the new technology will be designed to meet the policy line. These products spend most of their time in on-idle mode and modes. The assumed policy measures will reduce the amount of time spent in on-idle mode (and limit the power consumption in that mode), thereby further increasing the time spent in mode. Standby mode dominates the usage cycle and, in addition to on-idle, is the efficiency metric reported. The efficiency data is summarised in the following tables: Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

11 Table 7 Efficiency data, showing on-idle and power consumption by product category Policy Ave BDR BD player BDR R player R HD HD R Other New Tech VCR year Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

12 Efficiency data, showing % sales by product category BDR BD player BDR R player R HD HD R % 17% 2% 11% 62% 8% - - 1% % 26% 4% 10% 49% 5% - - 5% % 31% 5% 9% 33% 2% % % 32% 4% 6% 20% 1% % % 30% 2% 4% 8% % % 22% 0% 2% 4% % % 13% - 1% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % - Other New Tech VCR Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

13 Table 8 Product efficiency On power Year BDR BD player BDR R player rec HD player HD R VR New VCR Table 9 Product efficiency on-idle Year BDR BD player BDR R player rec HD player HD R VR New VCR Table 10 Product efficiency - Year BDR BD player BDR R player rec HD player HD R VR New VCR Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

14 Figure 2 Efficiency On power Figure 3 Efficiency Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

15 Figure 4 Efficiency - Standby 4.2 Data sources efficiency Table 11 Efficiency data sources Year Reference Reference date 2010 Expert assumption 2013 Expert assumption 2015 Expert assumption Author 2009 MTP Technical Expert 2009 MTP Technical Expert 2009 MTP Technical Expert Justific ation Based on ErP Tier 1 regulation Proposed ErP regulation No available data proposed 5W limit for on-idle power for Confidence in sources (High/Low) Low Low Low Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

16 VR with Note: Historic data sources are included in BNCE VR02 Reference Scenario 4.3 Methodology & key assumptions efficiency The duty cycle of these products would imply that and on-idle have a major impact on energy consumption. It is assumed that the Lot 3 Sound and Imaging Equipment preparatory study work currently underway will recommend a more stringent VR power than the current regulation, introducing new measures for VRs as follows: o Revision to the target for 2013 from 0.5W to 0.3W. o On idle for a VR with to be equivalent to the ErP SSTB regulation 8 by 2013, and 5W or less for all other devices. Some products will achieve this sooner than others, so the treatment in the model has been to phase in compliance from 2010 with 100% compliance by o No restriction of the maximum play/record power level. This would not be practicable as these devices include a wide array of additional features. Labelling of power consumption is unlikely to be effective at these low powers, and would risk category manipulation by measurement uncertainty in testing. While these devices can access the internet via a network connection, it is at the user s discretion to do so. It is assumed that in the future these devices will not become network connected devices for which a permanent connection to the network is required as by definition, they are not products whose primary function is the reception of broadcasting, such as set-top boxes (STBs) for TVs. Methodology & key assumptions for historic data are included in BNCE VR02 Reference Scenario Future data Table 12 Extrapolation & background calculations efficiency Year Methodology & assumptions On power assumed unchanged from Reference scenario because policy measures not practicable Standby power unchanged from reference scenario Standby power smoothed and interpolated/extrapolated using two sided exponential window, two pass (kalman filter and lagrange multiplier) using 2011 and 2013 data points Standby power unchanged from 2013 assumption due to lack of data On idle power assumed unchanged from reference scenario 2013 On idle for VR with assumed to be equivalent to SSTB regulation by 2013, and 5W or less for all other devices. Proposed new level of 0.3W by This could take 2 years to negotiate so phase in from 2010 with 100% compliance by Commission Regulation (EC) No 107/2009, implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for simple set-top boxes, (4 February 2009) Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

17 BD player: [ 3W / 0.3W ] ( on-idle / ) BDR: [ 5W / 0.3W ] ( on-idle / ) BDR : [ 12W / 0.3W ] ( on-idle / ) player: [ 2W / 0.3W ] ( on-idle / ) R: [ 4W / 0.3W] (on-idle / ) R : [ 11W / 0.3W ] ( on-idle / ) New other : [ 3W / 0.3W ] ( on-idle / ) 2015 Using more efficient storage interfaces and flash memory to buffer media drive start up, it is assumed that idle power for VRs with is the same as an basic SSTB BDR : 5W on-idle R : 5W on-idle power for VRs with no smoothed and interpolated/extrapolated using two sided exponential window, two pass (kalman filter and lagrange multiplier) using 2009 and 2013 data points power for VRs with no unchanged from 2013 assumption due to lack of data power for VRs with smoothed and interpolated/extrapolated using two sided exponential window, two pass (kalman filter and lagrange multiplier) using 2009 and 2013 data points power for VR with unchanged from 2015 assumption. 4.4 Data issues efficiency This section flags any areas of uncertainty, both in general and for specific data points, along with a description of how this has been dealt with in the model. Table 13 Data issues efficiency Issue/risk Other New format without knowing the detail of the format, it is difficult to estimate whether such devices would require permanent network connections. Approach taken/rationale As a class of product, VRs are assumed to use a network only when required by the user. This assumption can be reassessed in later model revisions as more trend data becomes available. 4.5 Confidence level efficiency This section provides an indication of overall confidence in the data set (i.e. data points, calculations, interpolation and projections). It is not possible to project future VR efficiency accurately, especially considering the wide range of product types and the expected shift to a new, as yet undefined technology. Data quantity / size of data set HIGH LOW Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

18 Figure 5 Confidence indicator for efficiency data 5 Usage 5.1 Summary LOW HIGH Source integrity / robustness of data Manufacturers have stated that all 2009 video players will have auto power down after a short period of time following the cessation of active use e.g. when a disk has finished playing and there has been no interaction from the user via the remote control or front panel buttons on the product. This will limit the amount of time that the VR will spend in on-idle mode and the purpose of the policy is to extend it to video recorders, using a similar requirement as the simple set top box ErP Implementing Measure (IM). It is assumed that policy focuses on reducing the power consumption in those states where the product spends most of its time and consumes the most energy e.g. or on-idle. It is assumed that the amount of recorded material that users watch will not change over time and that broadcast material (via satellite, terrestrial or download) will continue to form the majority of program material. Overall usage in on-mode is therefore assumed to remain constant over the forecast period up to Data sources usage Table 14 Usage data sources Year Reference Reference date Author Justific ation Confidence in sources (High/Low) Low 2013 Expert assumption 2009 MTP Technical Expert No available data Note: Historic data sources are included in BNCE VR02 Reference Scenario 5.3 Methodology & key assumptions usage This section describes what has been done with the data listed in Table 14 along with a rationale for any key assumptions (in particular any expert judgements listed in Table 14) and detail of any background calculations behind the data points. Methodology & key assumptions for historic data are included in BNCE VR02 Reference Scenario Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

19 5.3.1 Future data Table 15 Extrapolation & background calculations usage Year Methodology & assumptions Usage assumed unchanged from Reference scenario 2013 Assumed new ErP measure requires auto power down of all recording devices after 3 hours of no user interaction to be enabled as default, similar to the SSTB ErP IM Assumed that because usage applies to all stock, to account for older stock, the reduction in time spent in on-idle is scaled back based on the proportion of stock sold pre-2013: post: Data issues usage This section flags any areas of uncertainty, both in general and for specific data points, along with a description of how this has been dealt with in the model Table 16 Data issues usage Issue/risk These devices could become fully networked devices requiring a permanent connection to the network These devices may become part of a settop box rather than stand-alone devices principle of convergence Approach taken/rationale It is difficult to estimate whether such devices would ever require permanent network connections. As a class of product, VRs are assumed to use a network only when required by the user. This assumption can be reassessed in later model revisions as more trend data becomes available. The policy changes assumed in this document correlate closely with those recommended by the SSTB 9 and CSTB 10 groups. If convergence of these products continues then the limits would be similar, but the numbers of product in the market would reduce. This can be reassessed in later model revisions as more trend data becomes available. 5.5 Confidence level usage This section provides an indication of overall confidence in the data set (i.e. data points, calculations, interpolation and projections). No clear future usage data related to policy scenario based on assumptions only. Data quantity / size of data set HIGH LOW LOW HIGH Source integrity / robustness of data 9 SSTB = Simple Set Top Box 10 CSTB = Complex Set Top Box Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

20 Figure 6 Confidence indicator for usage data 6 Cost All of the measures suggested are within the bounds of existing technology already in use on VR devices ( power) or proposed in similar technology areas, such as set top boxes (on-idle power) It is assumed that all necessary changes to design/production can be achieved within the proposed timeframe at no additional cost. This is because the technology will already be implemented at earlier dates for other product types, including set top boxes, or in video recorders. As a result the costs for development are already covered, and scales of economies have already been achieved, creating no additional cost. Industry sources have additionally advised that 2009 model ranges incorporate autopower down technology. The on-idle levels have been suggested by industry for similar functionalities in the set-top box voluntary agreement. 6.1 Summary No costs related to policy assumed for VRs. 6.2 Data sources cost Table 17 Cost data sources Year Reference Reference date 2013 Expert assumption 2015 Expert assumption Author 2009 MTP Technical Expert 2009 MTP Technical Expert Justific ation No available data No available data Confidence in sources (High/Low) Low Low 6.3 Methodology & key assumptions cost This section describes what has been done with the data listed in Table 17 along with a rationale for any key assumptions (in particular any expert judgements listed in Table 17) and detail of any background calculations behind the data points Future analysis Table 18 Extrapolation & background calculations cost Year Methodology & assumptions 2013 No cost assumed since technology has already been developed and produced in high volume No cost assumed since technology has already been developed and produced in high volume. Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

21 6.4 Data issues cost This section flags any areas of uncertainty, both in general and for specific data points, along with a description of how this has been dealt with in the model. Table 19 Data issues cost Issue/risk Some costs are incurred for any product design work and in theory any additional components create additional cost Approach taken/rationale No cost is assumed for design since it will be covered within existing product design budgets since no new technology is required. It is assumed no additional components are required to achieve the policies. 6.5 Confidence level cost This section provides an indication of overall confidence in the data set (i.e. data points, calculations, interpolation and projections). Costs have been accounted for in other ErP IMs or require no new technology. Data quantity / size of data set HIGH LOW LOW HIGH Source integrity / robustness of data Figure 7 Confidence indicator for cost data 7 Other issues No other issues considered. Related MTP information BNCE VR01: Government Standards Evidence Base 2009 Key Inputs, Video Recorders (VRs) BNCE VR02: Government Standards Evidence Base 2009 Reference Scenario, Video Recorders (VRs) BNCE VR04: Government Standards Evidence Base 2009 Best Available Technology (BAT) Scenario, Video Recorders (VRs) Last reviewed: 23/06/ of

22 Changes from previous version Cost and benefit figures updated. CEI calculation adjusted and figure updated. Minor changes to the template. Consultation and further information Stakeholders are encouraged to review this document and provide suggestions that may improve the quality of information provided, quoting the document reference, or call the MTP enquiry line on +44 (0) For further information on related issues visit Last reviewed: 23/06/ of