IOT OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON ALICE AND EMMA AT DARESBURY LABORATORY
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1 IOT OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON ALICE AND EMMA AT DARESBURY LABORATORY A. Wheelhouse ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory ESLS XVIII Workshop, ELLETRA 25 th 26 th November 2010
2 Contents Brief Description ALICE Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments EMMA Electron Machine of Many Applications RF Sources IOT Operational Experience ALICE EMMA Summary
3 The ALICE Complex Booster Gun Linac Parameter Units Nominal Gun Energy 350 kev Injector Energy 8.35 MeV Circulating Beam Energy 35 MeV RF Frequency 1.3 GHz Bunch Repetition Rate MHz Nominal Bunch Charge 80 pc Maximum Train Length 100 μs Maximum Train Repetition Rate 20 Hz Maximum Average Current 13 μa
4 Energy Recovery Linac Energy Recovery Linac Arc FEL or Interaction point 8 MeV Compressor IR-FEL Photoinjector Laser Booster LINAC Linac 35 MeV Acceleration 8 MeV High brightness electron source Deceleration
5 SRF Modules 2 x Stanford/Rossendorf cryo-modules 1 Booster and 1 Main LINAC. Fabricated by ACCEL. Booster module: 8 MeV gradient. 52 kw RF power. Main LINAC module: 27 MeV gradient. 13 kw RF power.
6 SRF Modules
7 IOT RF Power Sources CPI K51320W e2v IOT116LS Thales TH713 Parameters CPI K51320W e2v IOT116LS Thales TH713 Units Frequency GHz Max CW Power kw Gain 21 > db Beam Voltage kv Bandwidth 4.5 >4 >5 MHz Efficiency 63.8 > %
8 Operational for 3 years Typically 16 hours/day Approximately 6 months/year All IOTs powered from a single 50kV power supply HV limited to ~28kV CPI IOT limited to ~ 21kW RF Requirement Initially a 18mS 10Hz Now a 5ms IOT Operation
9 Operational Reliability Issues Numerous ancillary power supplier failures Grid, filament and ion pump supplies Single 50kV HVPS Stored energy issues under fault conditions due to long HV cable runs (~60m) Various types of IOTs had different requirements Filament settings Ion pump reference (cathode and body) Wiring could not be standardised Extensive crowbar testing of the HV system Individual IOTs and complete system Earthing issue discovered Reliable operation with Grid and heater supplies referenced at the HVPS Spare HV cable + ultra fast diodes used to control energy discharge In house grid supplies were installed Improved output isolation to protect against reverse voltages Grid protection diodes added at the power supply and IOT Spark gaps added between cathode and grid at the IOT
10 Isolation Window Failure Failure occurred with 300W of forward power! Booster fully inspected and cleaned No obvious failure mechanism discovered Failure similar to one at Rossendorf under CW conditions Improvements made to isolation vacuum interlocks Broadband RF detectors added to the reflected power monitoring Booster Cavity 1
11 Tube failure After ~18 months Tube gassed up on application of filaments Tube unable to sustain HV Failure believe to be due to the tube being operated with too high a quiescent current Leading to a melted collector or body Poisoned cathode due Cu deposition Additional protection added to HV PLC DC current trip level included HV PLC program Individual IOT current monitoring IOT Issues e2v IOT116LS
12 Issues encountered with loss of output power Discovered the input cavity had moved off frequency Difficult to tune and maintain a good input return loss Similar issue encountered on spare IOT system Resolved by tuning the input whilst tightening the screws on the input base plate An improved input cavity has been supplied To be installed and evaluated IOT Issues CPI K51320W
13 Issues encountered with loss of output power Input stub very sensitive to movement Poor input match IOT Issues Thales TH713
14 Energy Recovery 20.8MeV
15 RF Cavities Waveguide Distribution System EMMA Electron Machine of Many Applications Proof of principal Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator Machine High Parameters Power RF Amplifier Value System Units Frequency 1.3 GHz Number of Straights 21 Number of Cavities 19 Total Acc per Turn 2.3 MV Upgrade Acc per Turn 3.4 MV Beam Aperture 40 mm Pulse Length 1.6 ms RF Repetition Rate 5-20 Hz Phase Control 0.3 Amplitude Control 0.3 %
16 Cavity Design & Specification Parameter Value Frequency (GHz) 1.3 Shunt Impedance (MΩ) 2.5 Realistic (80%) 2.0 Qo 20,000 R/Q (Ω) 100 Tuning Range (MHz) -4.0MHz to +1.5MHz V acc (kv) P diss (kw) Ptot incl 30% Overhead* (kw) * LLRF + Distribution
17 High Power RF Amplifier Load Circulator Solid State Amplifier HVPS CPI s VIL409 Heatwave TM IOT-based RF high power amplifier 50kV capacitor charging power supply 90 kw CPI IOT (VKL9130B) 1.5 kw solid state amplifier produced by Bruker, (BLA1500 RF SSPA) Embedded processor providing: System control Interfacing with the EMMA EPICS control system IOT Charging Capacitor
18 IOT Operational Experience VKL9130B IOT was developed specifically for EMMA broadband application 90kW peak power 1.6ms pulse, 1 20Hz GHz Installation and site acceptance completed 2 nd October 2009 Presently commissioning EMMA IOT typically run at <30kW at 1.3 and 1.301GHz. Operating at 3Hz due kicker power supply limitation To date no operational issues with the IOT During system testing at CPI, the input cavity was replaced for a new one An improved design spare was also supplied, but not yet installed
19 EMMA Operation RF system commissioned in 3-days Cavity phasing Co-phasing initially set roughly using the known phase offset due to the ToF. Individual cavity phase set by beam loading analysis using Libera LLRF system Global phase analysed 1000s of turns with no RF 10s -100s of turns with RF Cavity tuning Cavity amplitude and phase Global amplitude and phase
20 Summary & Future Plans ALICE Experience gained in the operation of 3 types of IOTs Reliability issues experienced Reliability of HVPS and ancillary systems improved RF protection systems improved Energy Recovery achieved Future work: Linac replacement: DICC 7-cell cryomodule to be installed 2011 Replacement of CPI input Development and testing of a digital LLRF system EMMA Commissioning on-going Future work: Optimisation of the RF system for operation Develop the RF set-up Increase RF power
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