HUSSERL AND HEIDEGGER ON BEING IN THE WORLD

Transcription

1 HUSSERL AND HEIDEGGER ON BEING IN THE WORLD

2 PHAENOMENOLOGICA SERIES FOUNDED BY H.L. VAN BREDA AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE HUSSERL-ARCHIVES 173 SØREN OVERGAARD HUSSERL AND HEIDEGGER ON BEING IN THE WORLD Editorial Board: Director: R. Bernet (Husserl-Archief, Leuven) Secretary: J. Taminiaux (Centre d études phénoménologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve) Members: S. IJsseling (Husserl- Archief, Leuven), H. Leonardy (Centre d études phénoménologiques, Louvain-la- Neuve), D. Lories (Centre d études phénoménologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve), U. Melle (Husserl-Archief, Leuven) Advisory Board: R. Bernasconi (Memphis State University), D. Carr (Emory University, Atlanta), E.S. Casey (State University of New York at Stony Brook), R. Cobb-Stevens (Boston College), J.F. Courtine (Archives-Husserl, Paris), F. Dastur (Université de Nice), K. Düsing (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), J. Hart (Indiana University, Bloomington), K. Held (Bergische Universität Wuppertal), K.E. Kaehler (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), D. Lohmar (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), W.R. McKenna (Miami University, Oxford, USA), J.N. Mohanty (Temple University, Philadelphia), E.W. Orth (Universität Trier), P. Ricœur (Paris), C. Sini (Università degli Studi di Milano), R. Sokolowski (Catholic University of America, Washington D.C.), B. Waldenfels (Ruhr-Universität, Bochum)

3 SØREN OVERGAARD Danish National Research Foundation: Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark HUSSERL AND HEIDEGGER ON BEING IN THE WORLD Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

4 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

5 CONTENTS Acknowledgements... vii Abbreviations... viii Introduction...1 Chapter I: Natural Attitude and Everyday Life Objects in the Lifeworld Subjects in the Lifeworld Inside or Outside the Natural Attitude The Thesis of the Natural Attitude Anxiety...27 Chapter II: The Question of Constitution The Need for the Question of Constitution The Epoché The Transcendental Reduction The Noematic Correlate Reduction and Constitution Constitutive Phenomenology...61 Chapter III: The Question of Being The Need for the Question of Being Phenomenology Husserl s Epoché Formal Indication Fundamental Ontology The Destruction of the Ontological Tradition Phenomenological Ontology Chapter IV: World Object-Intentionality and World World as Horizon World as a Referential Whole The Phenomenon of World Chapter V: Subjectivity Intersubjectivity...131

6 vi CONTENTS 2. Transcendental vs. Mundane Subjectivity: Some Initial Considerations Dasein: Some Initial Considerations Transcendental Subjectivity and the Body Subjectivity Chapter VI: Constitution, Transcendence, and Being Understanding of Being and Intentionality Constitution and Transcendence Understanding the Being of Equipment: Some Clarifications The Being of Equipment The Mundane Subject The Being of the Subject Conclusion Bibliography Index of Names...224

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation presented at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, in The revision was funded by the Carlsberg Foundation and carried out at the Danish National Research Foundation: Center for Subjectivity Research (University of Copenhagen). Thanks are first of all due to the staff of the Husserl-Archives at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven for their help during my short stay there in January 2000, and to the director of the archive, Rudolf Bernet, for allowing me to consult, and quote from, unpublished manuscripts. I am indebted to Maxine Sheets-Johnstone for her kind support, and for the many conversations I have had with her, stretching back to long before I began writing this book. I also want to express my gratitude to Donn Welton for his help with arranging my stay at Stony Brook in He also read and commented on the first draft of Chapter I, and he took the time to engage in stimulating discussions with me. For that I am especially grateful. A number of people read and commented on an earlier version of the manuscript. I am thus indebted to Hans Ruin, Anders Moe Rasmussen, and Jim Jakobsson for their valuable suggestions and constructive criticism. Special thanks are due to Dan Zahavi for his many insightful comments on the manuscript. More than anyone else, he has helped me make a publishable manuscript of my dissertation something for which I am particularly grateful. I am also very much indebted to Thomas Schwarz Wentzer for the way he has tried, with perceptive comments and encouragement, to keep me on the right track through all stages of this work. Especially in the early stages of the work, his confidence in me (often greater than my own) was invaluable. And the fact that he not only tolerated, but even encouraged me to develop my own argument, even when it conflicted with his views which I think it did more than once stands for me as a model of academic virtue. I am grateful to my colleague Deborah Licht for reading the manuscript and suggesting many stylistic and linguistic improvements, and to Maja de Keijzer of Kluwer Academic Publishers for helping me with formatting the manuscript. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude to my wife, Deborah Vlaeymans. Without her, I doubt that I could have completed this work. I dedicate this book to her.

8 ABBREVIATIONS Works by Husserl published in the Husserliana are cited as Hua, followed by volume number (Roman numerals) and page number. Works by Heidegger published in the Gesamtausgabe are cited as GA, followed by volume number (Arabic numerals) and page number. (I thus refer to volumes of the collected works of Husserl and Heidegger in the standard ways. Information about these volumes is found in the Bibliography, not in the list below.) I list only the author and title. Full information about all works can be found in the Bibliography. BZ EU HuDo II/1 HuDo II/2 HW KPM LV Martin Heidegger, Der Begriff der Zeit Edmund Husserl, Erfahrung und Urteil Eugen Fink, VI. Cartesianische Meditation. Teil 1 [Parts written by Husserl] Eugen Fink, VI. Cartesianische Meditation. Teil 2 [Parts written by Husserl] Martin Heidegger, Holzwege Martin Heidegger, Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik Edmund Husserl, Phänomenologische Methode und phänomenologische Philosophie. <Londoner Vorträge 1922> PIA Martin Heidegger, Phänomenologische Interpretationen zu Aristoteles: Anzeige der hermeneutischen Situation RB SZ WDF Edmund Husserl, Randbemerkungen Husserls zu Heideggers Sein und Zeit und Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit Martin Heidegger, Wilhelm Diltheys Forschungsarbeit und der gegenwärtigen Kampf um eine historische Weltanschauung

9 ABBREVIATIONS ix WM ZSD Martin Heidegger, Wegmarken Martin Heidegger, Zur Sache des Denkens The present work is based on my study of the original German editions of Husserl s and Heidegger s works. The majority of the quotations presented in this book are the standard English translations. However, I have sometimes modified the translations slightly, without indicating it. When English translations were not readily accessible, I translated the relevant passages myself (fully aware of all the dangers this entails, when neither language is one s mother tongue). All page numbers refer to the German editions of Husserl s and Heidegger s works. The original page numbers are retained in the English translations for the most part. However, there are a few works from which I quote several times where this is not the case. Here I have included section numbers as well as page numbers, when this has been possible and only when I quote directly from the texts. (Husserl s Erfahrung und Urteil, Logische Untersuchungen, and the main text of the Krisis are cases in point.) Square brackets ( [ ] ) within quotations indicate additions or changes made by me this usually entails the original German phrases when important, or when I am uncertain about the translation. Angle brackets ( < > ) indicate additions and changes made by the editor of the original German work, or by the English translator. I have not insisted on using entirely consistent terminology. Instead, I have attempted to keep a certain openness of terminology hoping that this will help the reader understand the issues, rather than concentrate on learning a particular Husserlian or Heideggerian jargon. (Vorhanden is here a case in point. I generally translate it with present-at-hand, following Macquarrie and Robinson, but I also sometimes use on hand and occurrent. )