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1 University Texas Press S. R. : A Personal Tribute Author(s): Ravindra N. Sharma Source: The Journal Library Hisry ( ), Vol. 14, No. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp Published by: University Texas Press Stable URL: Accessed: 27/02/ :36 Your use the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance JSTOR's Terms and Conditions Use, available at. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue a journal or multiple copies articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at. Each copy any part a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-prit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and ols increase productivity and facilitate new forms scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jsr.org. University Texas Press is collaborating with JSTOR digitize, preserve and extend access The Journal Library Hisry ( ).

2 S. R. RANGANATHAN: A PERSONAL TRIBUTE Ravindra N Sharma In the hisry library science, it is generally agreed that two great minds are responsible for the development the field. One is Melvil Dewey the United States, invenr the widely used "Decimal" classification, who could be said have created mod ern librarianship. The second is Dr. S. R. India, invenr the "Colon" classification system. He is also called the father Indian librarianship. The development modern libraries in India was very slow before became a librarian in He made India library-conscious in particular and he influenced the thinking the library world in general. Indeed, it was mainly due Rangana than's efforts that library science has become a subject study and research. Sir Maurice Gwyer, former vice chancellor, Delhi Uni versity, once called the "prince among librarians." had only one goal in mind: improve libraries and extend library service the public. In the pursuit his goal, had an impact on Indian libraries and gained the re spect librarians around the world. It has been said that " gave a purpose, direction and vision the pression Library Science in India, and in do ing so, he directed the eyes the world Library Science ward India for the first time."1 His qualities?originality, intelligence, and dynamism?were applauded, respected, and acknowledged by librarians all over the world. It is not a surprise that an eminent pressor library science in the United States, Jesse Shera, wrote: "If there is any single individual who merits being called a 'one man library movement,' certainly he [] has earned that distinction through his accomplishments in India."2 The Amer ican Library Association called him the "world librarian." was born on 12 August 1892 in Shiyali, Tanjore district, in the province Madras. After he was graduated from the local Hindu High School in Shiyali, he attended Christian Col lege in Madras. He received the B.A. degree in mathematics and physics from Madras University in decided not go on with graduate study because his parents' financial posi tion was not very sound. Pressor Edward B. Ross Christian Journal Library Hisry, Vol. 14, No. 1, Winter 1979?1979 by the University Texas Press /79/ $01.30

3 59 5. i?. ( ) Pho courtesy Library Journal

4 60 JLH/5. R. College knew that was a hardworking and brilliant student. He therefore decided pay 's tuition for graduate studies. In 1916 completed his master's de gree in mathematics and in 1917 he received a degree in pres sional education from Teachers College, Saidapet, Madras. He was appointed assistant lecturer mathematics in 1917 at Government College in Mangalore. In , he taught at Government Col lege, Coimbare, and in 1921 he was appointed assistant pres sor at Presidency College, Madras, where he taught for two years. As a pressor mathematics he started a classroom library for his students in Mangalore. This was a new idea and the principal the college liked it. was successful in implementing the idea libraries in his teaching positions at other institutions. Thus he had a humble beginning and he might have become an en tirely different person if Pressor Ross had not helped him go graduate school. In 1924, was fered the position head librarian at the University Madras. This was a very crucial year in his life, for he had decide between librarianship or the teaching math ematics. In his own words, "I had never dreamt in my life that I would ever become a librarian; nor had I used a library either at school or at college when I was a student, for the simple reason that there was no library worth mentioning and for the additional reason that no teacher ever mentioned any book other than the prescribed textbook."3 In fact, began see the chal lenges in the field librarianship. Perhaps this was one the main reasons that he decided accept the position head librarian at the University Madras. Thus, "India lost one her most enthu siastic mathematics teachers, and librarianship acquired a man whose mental approach was a strictly scientific and mathemat ically exact nature."4 went London for a year receive pressional training in librarianship. He graduated with honors in 1925 from the School Librarianship, University London. While in London, he met W. C. Berwick Sayers, a famous British librarian, "whose wisdom and kindness put in debt British librarian ship for the rest his life."5 At that time, probably would never have dreamed that some day he would become an in ternational figure in librarianship and that he would be called the father Indian librarianship. Upon returning Madras, ok up the task improving the university library. He developed a new classification system called "colon classification," because he felt that the "Dewey

5 61 decimal" system was inadequate. The colon system was first in troduced at the Madras University Library on a trial basis, and ac cording observers it worked very well. Therefore introduced this system the rest the world in "Colon classification follows Aristle in observing the five fundamental divisions time, space, energy, matter, and personality."6 The colon classification has thirty-three main classes and ten extra classes with generalia, divided between the sciences and humani ties.7 This classification has become popular with many libraries in Asia and the Commonwealth, though a few libraries and cata loguers find the scheme impractical. It is, however, used success fully by the British Museum in preparing the British National Bib liography. The edir this world-famous work, A. J. Wells, once wrote: "We the British National Bibliography are pleased acknowledge our debt India and in particular Dr. Rangana than by whose work and inspiring we friendship have progressed a new concept the classified catalogue."8 A. J. Wells admits that 's influence on bibliographical services was indirect rather than direct. He did not have as much influ ence on the design the Indian National Bibliography, for example, as he would have liked. He thought that it should be classified, as you might expect, by Colon, and that there should be a series fascicules printed in the scripts the several languages. [I may add here that there are fifteen ficial languages in India.] He felt very strongly that, not only should the scripts be preserved (he was, as we all know, steeped in his country's traditions) but he thought each re gion should be responsible for its own regional bibliography. By this means, he argued, the region could be expected exercise greater control over the deposit material, and regional catalogues, being in the regional scripts, would reach those who read only in their native language. The na tional bibliography, as he saw it, would be an assemblage all these fascicules. However, it seemed me that he overlooked two very important facrs. In the 1950s, some the languages had no printable scripts; and in most states no adequate regional centre existed on which base the operations a bibliographic centre.... Indirectly, as a re sult being based upon the British National Bibliography, the Indian National Bibliography reimported some Ran ganathan's ideas. It provided a classified arrangement with "features," and it had a chain index.9

6 62 JLH/5. R. In spite 's few fixed ideas, his system was best in the 1950s and that is the reason that his ideas not only became the basis the British National Bibliography and the Indian Na tional Bibliography, but also Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) National Bibliography, Malaysian National Bibliography, and Singapore Na tional Bibliography. was the opinion that "sharpness in thinking, clarity in expression, expedition in response and exactness in com munication depend ultimately on the deliberate exercise the in nate power classification."10 In the words Pressor B. C. Vickery the University College, London, "Over the years, Ran ganathan developed his Colon classification. We learnt new terms: facet, phase, round, isolate, and the rest."11 These words are com monly used day by many authors in their books on indexing, classification, and information retrieval, and by many practicing librarians and computer experts. It can easily give us an idea how 's ideas have penetrated not only theory and practice indexing, but classification also. The colon classifica tion has been revised seven times since it was introduced in Madras University Library once used the closed stack system, but introduced open access the library stacks. This was liked by everyone except a few workers, and since then the system has worked efficiently and successfully. He also introduced home delivery books for graduate students. was instrumental in founding the Madras Library Association in 1928 and helped the first state library association grow and become the leader in its own right. He wanted im prove librarianship and libraries in India and therefore wanted educate and train librarians in India rather than send them En gland. With the help the Madras Library Association, he suc ceeded in introducing the training course for librarians in At first the courses were taught at the headquarters the association and the response from the public was positive. The program was so successful that Madras University decided introduce a certificate course in librarianship. Thus in 1931 Madras became the first in stitution higher learning in India establish a School Library Science. 's method teaching was very different from ordinary pressors. He preferred the discussion method over the usual practice the lecture method, because he thought the for mer was more pritable, especially for small classes. Further, he always believed that librarians learned more on the job than in the classroom. Therefore he decided assign each student in his class work under the supervision a senior reference librarian and

7 63 get some practical training before graduating from the university. Furthermore, even in the 1930s he felt that library instruction for users was essential and he always taught his students the art in structing patrons. was rapidly becoming very popular and successful in library circles. In 1930 he was made a fellow the British Li brary Association. In the same year he was elected secretary the Library Service Section the First All Asia Educational Confer ence. He also authored the "Model Library Act" which became popular with everyone. In 1931 published his world-famous Five Laws Library Science. They are: books are for use; every reader his or her book; every book its reader; save the time the reader; and a library is a growing organism. These laws not only guided Rangana than's life, but in fact, revolutionized the thinking librarians all over the world. A British librarian once openly said that "in truth, they (the laws) should be the guiding principles librarians everywhere."12 In 1933 helped found the Indian Library Association, an organization which has become the true representative for Indian librarianship. In 1934, he drafted a new classified catalogue code, which is the only completed such code in the world day, and it is an achievement without equal in the hisry world librarianship. The British Indian Government rec ognized and appreciated the contribution the field librarianship and conferred the title "Rao Sahib" on him in January remained in Madras as university librarian and head the Library Science Department until 1944, when he be came university librarian at Banaras Hindu University at the spe cial invitation Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, then the vice chancellor the university. In 1947, on the invitation Sir Maurice Gwyer, then vice chancellor Delhi University, moved Delhi and became the university librarian-cum-head the Depart ment Library Science at the University Delhi. He served in this capacity until It was due his efforts that the master's and Ph.D. programs in library science were started at the Univer sity Delhi. Thus India became the first country in Asia and in the Commonwealth introduce advanced programs in library sci ence. In 1948 the degree D.Litt. was conferred on him by the University Delhi and in 1964 the University Pittsburgh also honored him by giving him an honorary docrate. From he was a visiting pressor library science at Vikram Uni versity in Ujjain.

8 64 JLH/5. R. Finally, in 1957, the government India also rewarded his la bor and contributions by awarding him the "Padma Shri," one the highest honors a citizen can get. The award was presented him at a special ceremony by the president India, the late Dr. Rajindra Prasad. To the surprise all, in 1957, gave 100,000 rupees from his personal savings the University Ma dras create an endowed chair in library science in honor his second wife, Sharda. His first wife, Rukmani, whom he married in 1907, died in 1928 at the young age thirty-two. married Sharda in The Sharda Chair was the first endowed chair in library science in the world librarianship. He also founded scholarship prizes at Sanskrit College in Sriperam bur, Ujjain, and at Government College in Mangalore. In 1962, founded the Documentation Research and Training Centre at Bangalore and served as its president, advisor, and an honorary pressor until Because the establishment this center, India became the first country in the world train and produce documentalists. Another honor in his life came in 1965 when he was appointed the National Pressor Library Science in India by the government India. was the first librarian in his country achieve this great honor. Appreci ating and commenting on this honor, D. J. Foskett once said, "I think that it is a credit the Indian nation, and an action from which we in the West could learn, but haven't, that the very few National Pressors which were created by the Indian Government, was one. They acknowledged the contribution that he had made not only librarianship, but the life the na tion."13 In 1970 he was awarded the American Margaret Mann Citation Award for cataloging and classification for his colon clas sification. In the same year, he was awarded the Grand Knight Peace award by the Mark Twain Society the United States. wanted free book service for everyone and cham pioned the cause throughout his life by writing and lecturing all over the world. In 1948 he taught at the UNESCO International School on Public Librarianship in England and in 1956 he came back England on a lecture ur the library schools. His speak ing was so successful that in 1958, 1960, and again in 1964 he was invited give lectures in American and Canadian library schools. During the summer 1964, Dr. was Direcr the M.A. and Ph.D. programs at the Graduate School Library Sci ence, University Pittsburgh, and taught a few courses also. Li brarians and library students were fascinated by his teaching meth ods and lecture style. He was direcr the International Seminar

9 65 on Colon Classification held in November 1964 at the Rutgers University, which was attended by many librarians from all over the world. He was certainly a dynamic speaker and prolific writer. He published over fifty-five books and hundreds articles on var ious aspects librarianship, including reference, administration, bibliography, library legislation, and documentation. In 1967, Asia Publishing House a published major bibliographical work, An Essay in Personal Biography: Festschrift: Volume 2: A Bib liography Writings on and by Dr. S. R., compiled and edited by A. K. Das Gupta. It is an excellent and most detailed bibliographical ol for researchers who are interested in Rangana than and his writings. founded and edited three library journals: Abigila, from ; Annals Library Science, ; and Library Science with a Slant Documentation, He always encouraged librarians write on various aspects the pression and share their ideas with other pro fessionals, the way he himself did. In fact, was one those rare men who spent his life in learning, writing, teaching, improving, and building library science for the people. He was an excellent investigar and he was always successful in influencing fellow librarians all over the world with the results his brilliant investigations library matters and problems. He was always will ing take on and solve even the most difficult problems li brarians and librarianship. No one knows where he got the bound less energy and the time do everything he did. It is well known that was a self-made man who rose international fame through his hard work and brilliant ideas. He was active, not only in India, but in the entire world librar ianship. He was instrumental in establishing the policies the new library the United Nations opened in New York in 1948 "for otherwise it would probably have been much more an American than international library."14 From he served on the International Bibliographical Committee UNESCO, and suc cessfully encouraged the committee take many elaborate biblio graphical projects for the benefit the world readers and research ers. He was regularly invited UNESCO for consultation on prac tically all library matters. All his papers dealing with UNESCO and its library committees can be consulted at the UNESCO fice in Paris by everyone for research purposes. He acted as the rapporteur general for the Documentation Classification Section the Inter national Federation for Documentation from , and he was vice-president the organization during and again from "When he lectured at UNESCO and IFLA

10 66 JLH/5. R. meetings, his outlook was consistently international.... [but] There was a weakness, a small weakness I have noticed. He had a blind eye for any other European language. French, Spanish, Ger man, just did not exist for him! And he really made very little ef fort understand or use them. It is surprising that, in spite his great ability, these languages were outside his kin."15 In 1957 he was made honorary vice-president for life the British Library Association. He was also the president the International Study Conference on Classification held in Dorking, England, in 1957 and Elsinore, Denmark, in When the Membership Honour was conferred on him by the International Federation for Docu mentation in 1957, the president the IFD said: "Dr. Rangana than is an outstanding figure in the world documentation and li brary science. He was elected an honorary member, the highest rec ognition which the international body can besw, and an honor which is so seldom awarded."16 Long active in the World Associa tion for Adult Education and the International Library Commit tee, he found many national and international library associations consulting him on library matters, taking his advice, and inviting him give lectures. Thus he was truly a world librarian and the uncrowned king the library world from "He was an intellectual who absorbed much from the West and outdid us all in the application scientific method librarianship."17 His seventy-first birthday was celebrated all over the world in On this occasion, the American Library Association wrote him: "... your ideas are universal. You answer the challenge the fu ture with a challenge. Most us are not your disciples; all us are your students. For a generation you have forced librarians think. We are proud be in your debt."18 Even his former teacher, Berwick Sayers, called this period the "Age." It is commonly said that the status librarians have attained is greatly due the efforts,19 and "due Dr. Ran ganathan's deep researches in Library Science, it became possible for the pression rise from a mere skill one the most highly recognized disciplines... From a field which came people when they had nothing better do, the Library Science has emerged as a branch learning which are converging the cream schol ars."20 devised many new ways guiding the art li brarianship in the science librarianship, and he laid the foun dation a new type librarianship and a new school thought analyze, design, and build the pression for the modern gen eration. Compared other librarians his time, especially in

11 67 India, he was ahead in his thinking and planning. "In many ways he has probably helped bridge the gap between library aumation and information srage and retrieval better than most the writ ers and workers in the field, without having had firsthand experi ence with computers. This has been possible because he has stressed the fundamentals underlying the intellectual processes we are try ing perform."21 Pressor Pauline Athern Syracuse Univer sity states that "Although he has spent most his life in a coun try with a strong pull the past and a tremendous struggle make great strides in the present, his words and writings have stim ulated workers in countries where progress and technology were advancing quite rapidly."22 Today we talk about and practice the retrieval system in our pression librarianship. According A. J. Wells, "... without the single minded devotion Rangana than himself, I doubt whether it would have been possible at all."23 's singlehanded contributions Indian librarian ship are practical, unique, matchless, and superb. Due his devo tion, dedication, and hard work, he was able influence tremen dously the development Indian librarianship. He was a true believer in unity among all types libraries and always emphasized that there should be no barriers among academic, public, special, and other kinds libraries.24 " had a genial person ality, because he was deeply interested in what he was doing, be lieved others be and so his discourse was more a sharing experience than an attempt convince.... he could be cold and fhand. This made enemies for him... but not so many as he imagined; many them were puzzled friends."25 D. J. Foskett the University London recently said was a "whole man" who, in his writings, interpreted his approach the pression?but not completely; because he could not do this except in so far as he was himself a physical presence.... He had, I think, an infinite capacity for tak ing pains, which has been defined as the basic element genius. He had also an infinite capacity for communicating with anybody. I think that this is one the most precious elements his pressionalism that I like remember.... what he said one was so clear and transparent that it was very difficult resist his persuasive powers, and I know that none my friends felt any difficulties or barriers technical and pressional jargon; and he was, my mind, one the pre-eminent communicars what we under stand by library and information service day.26

12 68 JLH/S. R. was the chairman the library committee the University Grants Commission and many other library committees in India, and it was due his initiative and efforts that Indian li brarians achieved faculty status and improved salaries. He wanted every state in India have library legislation bring effective and efficient service in librarianship, and it is unfortunate that all the states in India have not yet passed such legislation. His home state, Madras, was the first state pass legislation in 1948, and it was followed by a few other southern states. With the help UNESCO, he succeeded in establishing a model public library in Delhi in was the president the Indian Li brary Association from and president the Madras Library Association for many years. Despite his influence, Rangana than was not able change many his dreams in realities be cause the noncooperation higher authorities, a few fellow librarians, and lack funds. In spite ups and downs in the pro fession, he was the opinion that "India's contributions in all branches library science were original and scientific, and had influenced the library-thought throughout the world."27 Once a group librarians asked if he had achieved what he wanted as a librarian?the prompt was: reply "I find that even af ter forty-five years continuous work in the pression the more I do the more remains be done; and I find new things be thought out."28 According him, India was in a state cultur al exhaustion as far as librarianship is concerned, a few decades ago.29 Indian librarians do agree that librarianship in India was really in bad shape before joined the pression and brought much-needed reforms and changes. Although he had fame and greatness, lived a sim ple life. He never believed in pomp and show; he had only one sim ple meal a day. He never drank cfee or tea, and worked under a kerosene lamp sitting on a mat. Preferring simple clothes, he ok long walks every morning and he worked up fifteen hours a day, seven days a week. Once Pressor P. N. Kaula, now the Banar as Hindu University, visited 's house in Madras be cause they had never met each other. Pressor Kaula did not rec ognize and thought he was talking the servant the master, probably due the simple clothes was wearing. Pressor Kaula apologized and became a true disciple his guru. was a very warm person, although sometimes short tempered. He used stammer, but by the age twenty-two he had overcome this disability without any treatment. It is said that

13 69 he gave more time and money his pression than his family. He was not selfish or greedy, but like a yogi, he wanted give everything he had the library pression, not expecting any thing in return. He made as librarianship precise as mathematics and as as deep philosophy and in general "progressed as an asund ing star in the international sky library science."30 To Indians was what Melvil Dewey was Amer icans and James Brown the English. "Dewey's influence spread only through his classification and that o in slow degrees. Ran ganathan's influence has extended in a much shorter time all the corners the World through his classical contributions on all aspects library science."31 Even his teacher, Berwick Sayers, agreed that ok all aspects librarianship seriously whereas most the students chose and specialized in only one area librarianship. There is no doubt that was a man rare ability and great talent, and an invenr and a scholar.32 D. H. Borchardt Tasmania University was so much impressed by that he once wrote him: "Your contribution the philosophy librarianship and the concept the indivisi bility life and knowledge, will ever remain a fertile ground where succeeding generations will find encouragement and inspiration."33 It seems that Indian librarianship and, some extent, librarian ship in general would have gone a different way if had not become a librarian and helped guide the pression. Many librarians all over the world and especially in India owe their success. Anis Khurshid, head the Department Library Science at the University Karachi, Pakistan, speak ing at Varanasi in 1963, said: "India is fortunate in having the Li brary Genius Dr., who has raised the status librar ies and librarians in that country; who has evolved the scientific techniques for the efficient library service; and who is responsible for enriching library education throughout the World."34 was very accurate in his predictions for libraries and librarians. In the 1950s he rightly predicted that "aumation will soon add considerably the duration leisure. More power ful techniques than the extension service day will have be forged."35 As far as librarianship was concerned, he was very op timistic and in talking about the future the pression, he once said, "I find library service making great strides, and receiving un grudging help from the industries, the governments and the com munity. I also find library science being accepted by the universities as a discipline co-ordinate in status and potentiality with all the other disciplines. I find library service keeping step with new social

14 70 JLH/5. R. demands, fully backed by never-ending research in library science."36 It is good see that most his predictions have been proved cor rect. Dr. died in Bangalore on 27 September 1972 at the age eighty. India lost the father Indian librarianship and the library world became poor. On the occasion 's death, S. R. Bhatia, an eminent librarian India and the edir the Indian Librarian, a leading journal, wrote: "His genuine inter est in individuals acted as a magnet for confidences, and he prob ably knew more about librarianship and Library pression, high and low, than any single person in the country."37 According H. Coblans, edir the Journal Documentation, his was "a life unequalled productivity in every field documentation and librarianship."38 In the words Joel Downing, "made the most significant contribution librarianship and in formation studies during this century."39 Many other librarians from all over the world paid "their personal tributes... one [] whose simple but brilliant analysis, based upon an almost alien philosophy, penetrated problems which defied earlier solution, and who helped create a deeper appreciation the in ternational significance our work."40 In fact, it is very difficult write an account Dr. 's life, his contributions, his abilities, successes, and failures in any detail within one article. More research should be done on his philosophy and on every as pect his life, and books should be written for the benefit fu ture librarians because "master minds do not appear in every gen eration. They come shape hisry, create new ideas, new methods, and new eras.... Dr. [was] one those rare souls."41 The pression librarianship will not find another crusader for many years come.42 Notes 1. Claire Lilja, "Dr. and Librarianship in India," Herald Library Science 12 (1973): Jesse Shera, "Without Reserve?S. R.?One American View," Wilson Library Bulletin 37 (1963): S. R., "Unified View Education and Library Work," Herald Library Science 8 (1969): Charles A. Crossley, "The Contributions Librarian ship," Librarian and Book World 46 (1957): Bernard I. Palmer, "Dr. and His Impact on World Librar ianship," Herald Library Science 12 (1973): ", S(hiyali) R(amamrita)," Current Biography 26 (1965): 330.

15 71 7. Ibid., p Rama Tirth, "Dr. 's Contributions Library Science," Herald Library Science 2 (1963): A.J. Wells, "'s Influence on Bibliographical Services,,, in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley (London: The Library Association, 1974), p B. C. Vickery, "'s Contribution Indexing," in S. R. Ran ganathan , ed. Edward Dudley, p Ibid., p Crossley, "The Contributions," p D.J. Foskett, "'s Pressionalism," in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley, p H. Coblans, " in the International Scene," in 5. R. Ran ganathan , ed. Edward Dudley, p Ibid., pp P. N. Kaula, (ed.), What They Say (Banaras: Commemora tion Volume Committee, 1964), p D. W. Langridge, " and Mysticism," in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley, p K. Guru Dutt, "The Inwardness Dr.," Herald Library Science 12 (1973): "S. R. Mourned in India," Library Journal 97 (1972): Ibid., p Pauline Athern, "Dr. S. R.," Library Resources and Technical Services 14 (1970): Ibid., p A.J. Wells, "'s Influence on Bibliographical Services," in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley, p S. R., "India's Herald 1 (1958): 162. Leadership in Library Science," Library 25. B. I. Palmer, " as a Person," in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley, pp D.J. Foskett, "'s Pressionalism," in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley, p , "India's Leadership," p S. R., "Regaining the Standard Pressional Training," Herald Library Science 8 (1969): S. R., "System National Service Libraries," Herald Library Science 11 (1972): P. N. Kaula, ": A Study," in Library Science Today, Ran ganathan Festschrift, vol. 1, ed. P. N. Kaula (Bombay: Asia, 1965), p Ibid., p P. N. Kaula, "Some Less Known Facts about," Herald Library Science 12 (1973): K. Guru Dutt, "The Inwardness Dr.," p Anis Khurshid, "Homage Dr.," Herald Library Sci ence 2 (1963): S. R., "Library Service on the March," The ciation Record 59 (1957): Ibid., p S. R. Bhatia, "Dr. S. R.," Indian Librarian 27 Library (1972): Asso 61.

16 72 JLH/5. R. 38. H. Coblans, " in the International Scene," in S. R. Ran ganathan , ed. Edward Dudley, p Edward Dudley, "Foreword," in S. R , ed. Edward Dudley, p Ibid., p L. S. Shukla, "The Master Educationist," in Library Science Today, Festschrift, vol. 1, ed. P. N. Kaula (Bombay: Asia, 1965), p Kaula, "Some Less Known Facts," p. 123.