Books Include the Author or Editor s last name, First name initial. (date of publication). Book title. Place of publication: Name of publisher.

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1 Libraries Dobbs Ferry Campus AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) STYLE FORMAT FOR CITING REFERENCES When writing a research paper, you must indicate exactly where you found the information you present in your paper. Your sources are briefly cited throughout your paper as in-text citations and documented more fully at the end of your paper in a References list. This list includes all the sources used in the research and writing of your paper. The list should be in alphabetical order by the authors last names (or by title when no author is given.). If you are using the style for Copy Manuscripts, double-space all lines. Single-space all lines and skip a line between references if you are using the Final Manuscripts style. This brief guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5 th edition (2001). If the type of work you need to cite is not included in this guide, check the APA Publication Manual, available in the Reference collection and at Reserve in the library. (Call number: BF 76.7 P83) Links to other guides that include in-text and reference list examples are at the end of this guide. Books Include the Author or Editor s last name, First name initial. (date of publication). Book title. Place of publication: Name of publisher. Authored book, one author Reference example: Scheff, T. J. (1984). Being mentally ill: A sociological theory. New York: Aldine. In-text example: (Scheff, 1984) Note: For in-text direct quotes, add page numbers: e.g., (Scheff, 1984, p.101) Authored book, two to six authors Klein, M.D., & Chen, D. (2001). Working with children from culturally diverse backgrounds. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning. In-text: (Klein & Chen, 2001) Edited book Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. In-text: (Gibbs & Huang, 1991) 1

2 Book, no author or editor Merriam-Webster s collegiate dictionary (10 th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster. In-text: Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary (1993) defines. Article or chapter in an edited book Include the Author s last name, First name initial. (date of publication). Title of article or chapter. Book editor s first name initial and Full last name (Ed.). Book title (article or chapter page numbers). Place of publication: Name of publisher. Dickens, D. (1979). Phenomenology. In S. G. McNall (Ed.). Theoretical perspectives in sociology (pp ). New York: St. Martin s Press. In-text: (Dickens, 1979) Encyclopedia article Lundin, R. W. (1994). Functionalism. In Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 2, pp.45-46). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Note: If an entry has no author, place the title of the article in the author position. In-text: (Lundin, 1994) Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles Include the Author s last name, First name initial. (date of publication). Article title. Periodical Title, volume number, page range. Journal article, one author Bekerian, D. A. (1993). In search of the typical eyewitness. American Psychologist, 48, Note: If a journal is continuously paginated throughout the year (the page numbers pick up where they left off in the previous issue), include the volume number but not the issue number. If you are uncertain, cite the article as if it were paginated by issue (see Klimoski example below) and include both the volume and issue numbers. In-text: (Bekerian, 1993) 2

3 Journal article, two authors, journal paginated by issue Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), In-text: (Klimoski & Palmer, 1993) Journal article, three to six authors Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, In-text: (Borman, Hanson, Oppler, Pulakos, & White, 1993) Magazine article, one author Posner, M. I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the mind. Science, 262, Note: Give the date shown on the publication: year and month for monthly magazines or year, month, and day for weeklies. In-text: (Posner, 1993) Magazine article, no author Investors can play the punch card. (2000, December 11). Newsweek, 136, 82. In-text: ( Investors Can Play the Punch Card, 2000) Newspaper article, no author New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12. Note: Alphabetize works with no author by the first significant word in the title. In the text, use a short title for the parenthetical citation ( New Drug, 1993). Precede page numbers for newspaper articles with p. for one page (p. 3) or pp. for more than one page (pp. 3-6). In-text: ( New Drug, 1993) 3

4 Personal Interview Note: unpublished interviews do not need a reference list entry because they are considered to be personal communications which do not provide data that can be recovered by someone else. They should, however, be cited in-text. In-text: (L. Lapovsky, personal interview, November 20, 2003) Audiovisual Media Videotape Harrison, J. (Producer), & Schmiechen, R. (Director). (1992). Changing our minds: The story of Evelyn Hooker [Motion picture]. (Available from Changing Our Minds, Inc., 170 West End Avenue, Suite 25R, New York, NY 10023) Note: For other non-print media -- audiotapes, slides, charts, works of art-- use the same format and specify the medium in brackets. In-text: (Harrison, 1992) Technical and Research Reports Report from the Government Printing Office National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM ). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office. Note: Government Documents available from GPO should show GPO as the publisher. In-text: According to the National Institute of Mental Health (1990). Report from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Robins, M., & Gilbert, R.N. (1998). Welcome to our world: Realities of high school students. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED ) Note: Give the ERIC number in parentheses at the end of the entry. Do not use a period after the ERIC document number. In-text: (Robins & Gilbert, 1998) 4

5 Electronic Media Electronic copy of a journal article retrieved from a database McNulty, M.A. (2003). Dyslexia and the life course. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36 (4), Retrieved January 26, 2004, from the Wilson OmniFILE Full-Text Select database. Note: Add a statement that includes the date you retrieved the article and the name of the database. In-text: (McNulty, 2003) Specialized reference database Hoover s. (2004). Sony Pictures Entertainment company profiles. Retrieved January 18, 2004 from Hoover s Online database. In-text: (Hoover s, 2004) Article in an Internet-only journal Frederickson, B.L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from In-text: (Frederickson, 2000) Online newspaper article Reference Hilts, P.J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from In-text: (Hilts, 1999) Stand-alone document on the Internet Include authors whenever possible, a document title or description, a date (either the date of publication or update or the date of retrieval, and the URL for the document. Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community, Task Force on Teen and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.). Who has time for a family meal? You do! Retrieved October 5, 2000, from Note: When an Internet document comprises multiple pages (different sections have different URLs), provide a URL that links to the home page for the document. Use n.d. (no date) when a publication date is not available. In-text: (Greater New Milford Area Healthy Community Task Force on Teen and Adolescent Issues, n.d.) 5

6 Other examples of APA format guides: Electronic References (from APA Style.org) Citation Style for Research Papers (from Long Island University): Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format (from Purdue University Online Writing Lab): APA Documentation (from the Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison) How to Cite Resources (from Pace University Library and WALDO): Revised 2/2004 kw 6