Join the p2p.wrox.com. Wrox Programmer to Programmer. Beginning. Python. Using Python 2.6 and Python 3.1. James Payne

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1 Join the p2p.wrox.com Wrox Programmer to Programmer Beginning Python Using Python 2.6 and Python 3.1 James Payne

2 Programmer to Programmer Get more out of wrox.com Interact Take an active role online by participating in our P2P p2p.wrox.com Wrox Online Library Hundreds of our books are available online through Books24x7.com Wrox Blox Download short informational pieces and code to keep you up to date and out of trouble! Join the Community Sign up for our free monthly newsletter at newsletter.wrox.com Browse Ready for more Wrox? We have books and e-books available on.net, SQL Server, Java, XML, Visual Basic, C#/ C++, and much more! Contact Us. We always like to get feedback from our readers. Have a book idea? Need community support? Let us know by ing wrox-partnerwithus@wrox.com

3 Beginning Python : Using Python 2.6 and Python 3.1 Introduction xxvii Part I: Dipping Your Toe into Python Chapter 1: Programming Basics and Strings Chapter 2: Numbers and Operators Chapter 3: Variables Names for Values Part II: Python Language and the Standard Library Chapter 4: Making Decisions Chapter 5: Functions Chapter 6: Classes and Objects Chapter 7: Organizing Programs Chapter 8: Files and Directories Chapter 9: Other Features of the Language Chapter 10: Building a Module Chapter 11: Text Processing Part III: Putting Python to Work Chapter 12: Testing Chapter 13: Writing a GUI with Python Chapter 14: Accessing Databases Chapter 15: Using Python for XML Chapter 16: Network Programming Continues

4 Chapter 17: Extension Programming with C Chapter 18: Numerical Programming Chapter 19: An Introduction to Django Chapter 20: Web Applications and Web Services Chapter 21: Integrating Java with Python Part IV: Appendices Appendix A: Answers to the Exercises Appendix B: Online Resources Appendix C: What s New in Python Appendix D: Glossary Index

5 Beginning Python

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7 Beginning Python Using Python 2.6 and Python 3.1 James Payne Wiley Publishing, Inc.

8 Beginning Python : Using Python 2.6 and Python 3.1 Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN Copyright 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: Manufactured in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) , fax (201) , or online at Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising here from. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (877) , outside the United States at (317) or fax (317) Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Python is a registered trademark of Python Software Foundation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

9 To my patient and loving wife, Whitney, who believed in me before I did. And to my parents, Ronnie and Sharon Payne, who raised me to believe I could do anything I put my mind to, even when I told them I wanted to be Santa Claus. For my brother, Ron, who read my work even when it was bad, Dorjan, Eric, Clem, and Nick because they know things about me and will tell them if I don t include them.

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11 About the Author James Payne (Margate, FL) is Editor-in-Chief of Developer Shed, Inc. and has been writing and programming since the age of seven years old. Proficient in many languages, he has written over 400 articles covering practically every major programming language. As a contractor, he develops proprietary software for the financial industry using Python and likes to dabble in Django in his spare time.

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13 Executive Editor Carol Long Project Editor Ed Connor Technical Editor Chris McAvoy Production Editors Amy Weintraub and Tim Tate Copy Editor Kim Cofer Editorial Director Robyn B. Siesky Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Marketing Manager David Mayhew Credits Production Manager Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher Barry Pruett Associate Publisher Jim Minatel Project Coordinator, Cover Lynsey Stanford Proofreaders Scott Klemp and Kristy Eldredge, Word One Indexer Ron Strauss Cover Image istockphoto.com/frank_u

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15 Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the gang at Developer Shed: Jack and Jay Kim, whose constant hatred is an inspiration, Charles Fagundes, who made me an editor and not just a writer, Keith Lee, who provided coding support, and a special thanks to Jenny Ruggieri, who got me the job that got me this book. Lastly, I d like to thank all of the people that worked on the previous editions of this book for laying the groundwork, and the Editors Carol Long, Jenny Watson, Ed Connor, and Chris McAvoy who helped me meet deadlines no matter how much I didn t want to. I would also like to acknowledge Guido Von Rossum, without whom there would be no language to write about.