INDEX 253. Kant, 1., 101, 105 Keats, J., 24 Knight, H., 100 Knowledge, certain. 136; intuitive, 1I0; pre-analytical, IIof., II7; postanalytical,

Transcription

1 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aldrich, V., "Pictorial Meaning, Picture-Thinking and Wittgenstein's Theory of Aspects," Mind, vol. LXVII, No. 265 (January, 1958). Arnheim, R, "Agenda for the Psychology of Art," Journal Of Aesthetics And Art Criticism, vol. X (June, 1952). Ayer, A. ]., Language, Truth And Logic. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., Ayer, A. J. et. al., The Revolution In Philosophy. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1957 Bar-Hillel, Y., "Analyses of 'Correct Language,'" Mind, vol. LV, No. 220 (October, 1946). - "Indexical Expressions," Mind, vol. LXIII, No. 251 (July, 1954). Black, M., Critical Thinking: An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Language A nd Philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, "The Paradox of Analysis," Mind, vol. LIII, No. 211 (July, 1944). Black, M., ed. Philosophical Analysis. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, Butler, R J., "Other Dates," Mind, vol. LXVIII, No. 269 (January, 1959). Elton, W., ed., Aesthetics And Language. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Flew, A., ed., Essays In Conceptual Analysis. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., Logic And Language. Second Series. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Friedberg, R M. et. al., "A Learning Machine," IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 2, NO.1 (January, 1958). Gallie, W. B., "Art As An Essentially Contested Concept," The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 6, No. 23 (April, 1956). Goodman, N., "About," Mind, vol. LXX, No. 277 (January, 1961). Gotshalk, D. W., "A Next Step For Aesthetics," Journal Of Aesthetics And Art Criticism, vol. XVIII (September, 1959). Hall, E. W., "The Adequacy of a Neurological Theory of Perception," PhilOSOPhy and Phenomenological Research, vol. XX, No. I (September, 1959). Henle, P., "Do We Discover Our Uses of Words?" The Journal Of Philosophy, vol. LIV, No. 32 (November, 1957). Hirst, R J., The Problems of Perception. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1959 Holloway, J., Critical Notice of Antony Flew Logic And Language, First Series. Mind, vol. LXII, No. 245 (January, 1953). Kant, I., Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. by J. M. D. Meiklejohn. London: G. Bell And Sons Ltd., Khatchadourian, H., "Art-Names and Aesthetic Judgments," Philosophy, vol. XXXVI, No. 136 (January, 1961).

2 250 BIBLIOGRAPHY Khatchadourian, H., "Common Names and 'Family Resemblances,'" Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. XVIII, No. III (March, 1958). - "On Existence," Methodos, vol. 9, Nos (1957). - The Coherence Theory Of Truth: A Critical Evaluation. Beirut. American University of Beirut, 196I. - "Vagueness," Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 12, No. 47 (April, 1962). - "What is rationality?" Theoria, vol. XXIV, 3; "Works of Art and Physical Reality," Ratio, vol. II, No. 2 (January, 1960). Krzywicki, H., "The Analytic and the Synthetic," PhilosOPhy Of Sciences, vol. 26, NO.2 (April, 1959). Kurtz, P. W., "Has Mr. Flew Abandoned 'The Logic of Ordinary Use'?" Philosophical Studies, vol. IX, Nos. 5-6 (October-December, 1958). Lewis, C. r., An Analysis Of Knowledge And Valuation. La Salle, Ill.: The Open Court Publishing Co., [1946]. Lewis, H. D., ed., Contemporary British Philosophy. Third Series. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., Linsky, L., ed., Semantics and the Philosophy of Language. Urbana, Ill.: The University of Illinois Press, Macdonald, M., ed., PhilOSOPhy And Analysis. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Mace, C. A., ed., British Philosophy In the Mid-Century. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., Moore, G. E., Philosophical Studies. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Principia Ethica. New York: Cambridge University Press, Morris, C., "Philosophy, Psychiatry, Mental Illness and Health," PhilOSOPhy & Phenomenological Research, vol. XX, NO.1 (September, 1959). Muirhead, J. H., ed., Contemporary British Philosophy. First Series. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., Munro, T., "The Psychology of Art: Past, Present, Future," Journal Of Aesthetics And Art Criticism, Spring Nagel, E., Review of P. A. Schilpp (ed.) The Philosophy of G. E. Moore, Mind, vol. LUI, No. 209 (January, 1944). Nowell-Smith, P., Ethics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ogden, C. K., The Meaning of Meaning. London: Kegan Paul Ltd., Pap, A., Semantics And Necessary Truth. New Haven: Yale University Press, Pole, D., The Later Philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein. London: University of London, The Athlone Press, Proceedings Of the XII International Congress Of Philosophy, Venice, 1958, vols. I & V: Casa Editrice G. C. Sansoni, Florence, Quine, W. V. 0., "Designation and Existence," The Journal Of Philosophy, vol. XXXVI, No. 26 (December, 1939). Rader, M., ed., A Modern Book of Esthetics. Revised Edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., Russell, B., A History Of Western PhilOSOPhy. Sixth Printing. New York: Simon & Schuster, [1965], [1945]. - The Analysis Of Mind. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., Portraits from Memory and Other Essays. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., [1956]. - "Vagueness," Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 1 (1923); 88. Ryle, G., Philosophical Arguments. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, The Concept of Mind. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. [1949]. Schilpp, P. A., ed., The Philosophy of G. E. Moore. Evanston & Chicago: North-

3 BIBLIOGRAPHY western University Press, Now published by The Open Court Publishing Company. Sellars, W. and Hospers, J., eds., Readings In Ethical Theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., Schlagel, R. H., "Language and Perception," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. XXIII, NO.2 (December, 1962). Shwayder, D. S., "=," Mind, vol. LXV, No. 257 (January, 1956). Smith, T. V. and Grene, M., eds., Selections: From Descartes To Locke. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Strawson, P. F., Individuals: An Essay In Descriptive Metaphysics. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., Introduction To Logical Theory. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., Taylor, P. W., "Moral Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy and the Science of Morals," The Journal Of PhilosoPhy, vol. LVI, No. 17 (August, 1959). Toulmin, S., The Philosophy Of Science. Fourth Impression. London: Hutchinson Publishing Group Ltd., Urmson, J. 0., Philosophical Analysis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, [1958], [1956]. Warnock, G. J., English Philosophy Since I90o. London: Oxford University Press, White, A. R., G. E. Moore. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Investigations. Trans. by G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Trans. by C. K. Ogden and F. P. Ramsey. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1922; trans. by D. F. Pears and B. F. McGuiness. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Woozley, A. D., "Ordinary Language and Common Sense," Mind, vol. LXII, No. 247 (July, 1953).

4 INDEX Absolute, 149 Absurdity, Aiken, H. D., IIO, 122 Aldrich, V., 31 Ambrose, A., 133, 138, 140, 152 Analysandum, 4f., 64ff., 129, 134, 215, 217, 240 Analysans, 5., 64f., 214 Analysis, viii-ix, 3, Sf., 65ff., 90, 96f., 2Io., 212ft., ; conditions of, 4f., 73, 87ff.; content mode, 240, 242; as distinction, 64, 69; as division, 64, 159; exhibition analysis, 8f., II, 64f., , 129ff., 151, 164, 167, 207f., 214, 219, 232, 234; extra-linguistic, 9, 63, 70f., 92, :;uoff., 219ff., 240ff.; formal, 8; forms of, 7ff.; functional mode, 240; as inspection, 64f.; philosophical, vii-viii, 3, 63f., 67; reductive, 65ff., 212f.; replacement, 129ff., 134, ; semantic, viii, 8ff., 63ff., 91, 123, 129ff., 134, 157, 193,207,210,228,230, 240ff.; types of, vii-ix, 7ff. Analyticity, criterion of, 193 Argument, direct, 162f., 171, ; indirect, 162ff., Aristotle, 14 5, 2 I 2 Arnheim, R., 226 Assimilation, 144 Austen, ]., 203 Austin, ]. L., 96 Axiom, 164ff. See Postulate Ayer, A. ]., 33, 158, 160 Bar-Hillel, Y., 17, 134, 151, ISS Belief, commonsense, 241 Bell, c., 141, 212 Bergson, H., 183 Berkeley, G., 105, 153 Black, M., 77ff., 83ff., 98, 107, 133, 138, 186, 190, 194, 234 Bolyai, 172 Bondi, H., 225 Borderline Cases, 145ft., 236f. See Marginal indeterminacy & Open texture Bradley, F. H., 148, 153, 167, 189 Brain, R., 227 Butchvarov, P., 198, 203 Butler, R. ]., 189 Canons of induction, 2II Category, 101f., Category violation, Coleridge, S. T., 237 Common sense, IIf. Common sense belief, IIi., 241 See Belief Complement, 181 Comprehension, II6, 218 Concept, 23ff., 33ff., 64ft.; broadening of, 136f., 143; formal, 171; inconsistency in, 143; logical content of, 38; modification of, 237, ; reconstruction of, 2 13; replacement of, 142; restriction of, 136ff., 140, 143 Condition, standard & non-standard, 98 Connotation, conventional, 36ff., 93, IISf., 247. See Intension Contradiction, 174 Cosmological argument, 169 Couturat, L., 167 Criterion-feature, 41, II6 Criterion of truth, 200 Croce, B., 141 Crusoe, R., 177 Definiendum, IS8f. Definiens, 158f. Defining feature, 41,!I3f.,!IS, 195, 197 Definite description, 16off. Definition, 66f., 69f., 72, 82, 100, III, 114, 133, 164ft., 193, 201, 214, 216, 218; in use, IS8f., 16Sf.; ostensive 160, 195, 201, 207f.; real, 216; stipulated, 168; verbal,216

5 INDEX 253 Denotation, 36ff., 93. See Extension Denotatum, 1I2f., 149f. Descartes, R., los, ISO, 169 Decision-question, 134ff., 231, Duncan-Jones, A. E., 96 Einstein, A., 246 Eliot, T. S., 24 Epistemological realism, 230 Euclidean geometry, 17Ii. Ewing, A. C., 213 Existence, 160f., 198ff., 203, 226, 229f. Existentialism, 212 Expression theory of art, 149, 2II Extension of an expression, 43ff.; extension of meaning, 144ff. Extension, primary, 44; infinite, 44; null (zero). 43; secondary, 43 Extentional isomorphism, 4Sf. Extreme rationalism, los Family resemblances S , 194, 197, 234 Fascism. 150 Field. G. C III Flew, A Frankena, W. 68 Frege. G Friday, 177 Friedberg. R. M. 239 Furlong, E.. viii Gallie. W. B. 99 God, IS3, 16S, 169f. Goodman. N., ff. Gotshalk. D. W. 226 Hall. E. W., 227, 230 Hegel, G. W. F., los, , 167 Henle, P., 109, 117, 126 Heraclitns, 150 Hilbert, 172 Hirst. R. J., 198, Hitler, A., 147 Hobbes, T., 212 Holloway, J., 94 Hospers, J., 28, 67, 21S Hume, D., 212 Huxley, A., 203 Idealism. 105, , 149, 153 Identity of indiscernibles, principle of, 168f. Indeterminacy, marginal, 45. See Open texture Induction, canons of. 2II. See Canons Inference, deductive, Intension, 46f., 133; sameness of, 46f. Internal relations. doctrine of. 129 Interpretation, 184 Intuition, 141 Kant, 1., 101, 105 Keats, J., 24 Knight, H., 100 Knowledge, certain. 136; intuitive, 1I0; pre-analytical, IIof., II7; postanalytical, II I; probable, 136 Korner, S. 8, 91, 130f., 134, 158 Kurtz, P. W., 140, Lake, B., 141 Langford. C. H. 64, 70, 74, 77 Language, alternative, ls4; artificial, 155f.; inconsistencies in, 139f.; misuse of, 105, ; natural, 53f. ordinary, IIff., , 135ff., 139f., 149, 155f., 184, 192ff., 204, 207, 222, 232, 241, ; reformed , 155; sense of, 15 Language game, 121, 24:2 Language-neutral, 18, 22 Language-specific, Law of parsimony, 161 Learning, ostensively, 195, 197, 207if., 209 Leibniz. G. W., 167f., 170, 188 Lewis, C. 1., 43ff., :u8 Lewis, H. D., 103 Linguistics. 63 Lobachevsky, 172 Logical atomism, 65 Logical consistency, demands of, 153 Logical empiricism, 151, 158 See logical positivism Logical power, 171, 174 Logical type, 154 See Logical category. Macbeth, 126 Macdonald. M. 7, 42 Marginalindeterminacy, 98, 109. II2, , 143, 152, 194 See Open texture Marginal question, 220ff. Marhenke, P., 73 Materialism , 153 Mates. B., 42, 52ff. 56ff. McTaggart, J. M. E., 183 Meaning. 23ff., 33ff., 176; actual, 22; extension of, 144ff.; modification of , , 247; possible, 22; restriction of, 202; shift of, 152 See Uses, modification of Meiklejohn, J. M. D., 101 Metaphysics, 101 Mill, J. S., 2II Moore. G. E ff., , 109, IIof., II9, 159f., 212f., 216f. Morris, C., 225 Muirhead, J. H., 160 Munro, T., 226 Nagel, E., 7, 89 Naturalistic fallacy, 69, 79

6 254 INDEX Nietzsche, F., 212 Nowell-Smith, P., 223 Objective intension, II6, 218 See Comprehension Ogden, C. K., 24 Ontological argument, 169, 189 Open question argument, II9 Open texture, 19, 98, 136f., 152, 182, 220, 233f. See Marginal indeterminacy Organic theory of reality, 133 Oxford analysts, viii-ix, 91, 94, 98, II9, 220,230 Pap, A., 28, 125 Paradigm case, 195, 200, 237, 239 Paradigm case argument, Paradox of analysis, 77ft. Parmenides, 150 Peirce, C. S., 124 Pericles, 202 Petain, Marshall, 147 Phenomenalism, 152 Philosophical doubt, 206 Philosophical puzzles, 162 Plato, 145, 212, 246 Platonic, 37, I 49f. Pole, D., 27 Popper, K., 153 Postulate, 164ff. See Axiom Principle of construction, 160f. Problem of evil, 205 Proposition, analytic, 163; synthetic, 163, 241 Quality, complex, 67, 70, 213; simple, 67, 70, 21 3 Question, categorial, 219ff., 231; categorial-cum-empirical, 22lff., 232ff.; decision-question, 233; empirical, 219ff. Quine, W., 203 Reconstruction, viii, , 213, 219, 23df., 247f. Redefinition, Reductio ad absurdum, 154, Reductive analysis, 65. See Analysis Richards, 1. A., 24 Riemann, 172 Ross, W. D., 218 Royce, J., 153 Rules of language, II7f., 127f. Russell, B., 8, 15, 68f., 107, 158ff., 161, 189, 219, 241 Ryle, G., 148, 154, 162, I 73ff., 180, 182, 224,228 Scepticism, extreme, 105 Schopenhauer, A., 212 Sellars, W., 28, 67, 215 Sensationalism, 105 Sense-datum, 65ff., 152, 159 Sense-perception, 200 Sentence-factor, 182f. Sentence-frame, 182f. Schlagel, R. R., 228 Shakespeare, W., 126 Shwayder, D. S., 74f. Smith, T. V., 167 Socrates, 100, 246 Spinoza, B., 164f., 170 St. Anselm, 189 Standard conditions, 98f., II4f., 196f. See Conditions, standard Stauffenberg Case, 147 Stevenson, C. L., 28, 30, 107, 131 Strawson, P. F., 17, 25, 31, 96, 99, 101, 106, 124, 15Sf., 213 Syllogism, 162f., 170. Synonymity of adverbs, 46ff.; conjunctions, 52f., 55; definite descriptions, 46ff.; general names, 43ff.; idioma~c phrases, 48; predicates, 43ff.; prepositions, 52f.; proper names, 50f.; sentences, 55ff.; verbs, 46ff., 52ft. Synonymity, conditions of, 40-60, 217; criteria of, 40, 59f.; definition of, 42 Synthesis, 9 System, 17, 155, 157, 164, 17d. Tartini, 237 Taylor, P. W., 240f. Terms, undefined, 171 Theory of descriptions, f. Theory of perception, 226ff. Theory of types, 139 Things-in-themselves, 105 Time, 149 Toulmin, S., 228 Truth, criteria of, Type, difference of, I 77ff. Type-violation, See Category violation Urmson, J. 0., 65, 198,205 Usage, 18f., 22, II9-126 Use of an expression, 18f. 22f., 45, II9-126, 208; extra-semantic, 3If.; modification of, 244; semantic, 3d.; senses of, 25ff. Vagueness, 19ff., 45, 60, 107, II7f., 132f., 136, 143f., 150, 197 Veblen, 172 Waismann, F. 98, Warnock, G. J., 6, 89, 109, 203 White, A. R., 64 Whitehead, A. N., 246 Wisdom, J., 153 Wittgenstein, L., 6f., 27, 29, 31, 91, 94, 96, 98, 100, 120, 194, 230