Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of Renaissance)

Transcription

1 Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of Renaissance)

2 13/1/2018 (Sat) Notes - Humanities - Renaissance I RENAISSANCE ( 文藝復興 ) 1. In Wordings (Literal Definition) - Rebirth ( 重生 ) Rebirth what? - Great interest in classical learning and value (During the ancient greek and ancient rome - Greco-roman Culture) 2. Time Period - 14th Century to 17th Century - A period in European (Western) History where there is a great and fantastic development in different aspects Concept - Humanism ( 人道主義 ) Humanism - Humans were placed in the center/middle of the universe Center of the universe - All human thinkings locate in the center (Most important) Human Needs, values and talents > Religion and superstitions Renaissance - People thinkings are being respected, less superstitions Started in renaissance - people disbelieve the church due to their malpractices ( 弊端 ) and fakeness Renaissance - Rise of universities - Keep books of Greco-roman culture where Start to discuss more human affairs and secular( 世俗 ) matters Emphasize on inquiring mind Impact properties: 1. People became more interested in human affairs and secular (non-religious matters) 2. People began to value the use of reason, instead of blindly following the church

3 and Modern History Causes of Renaissance Black Death Black death disease break out -> People trust the church that their sin is not enough so the pray more with loyalty -> However, the black death still break out -> people questioned the church the faith and challenge whether it is really the problem of loyalty -> People start to think more on the truth -> People trust science -> Find evidence to prove something -> Renaissance

4 Decline of Church Church is corrupted (Selling indulgence) -> Indulgence is useless in healing the black death -> People doubt on the honesty of the church and its teachings Impacts of the Crusaders People died in Crusades-> did not understand why they need to fight with Muslims-> they didn t join Crusades but received no punishment-> people questioned the church Decline of Feudalism Noble and knight fighting with king to seek more power-> lords refuse to pay tax to king-> king did not give any pressure-> feudal System cannot sustain Spread of Eastern Knowledge Crusaders brought Arabic knowledge to Europe-> Arabs studied Greco-Roman classics and have advanced knowledge

5 of math, science, medicine and astronomy. Crusaders also bring back fine art and painting-> sold them and be rich. Rise of towns and middle classes Rise of universities Crusaders bought back their freedom-> freeman-> settled in Towns and became traders-> trade centre such as Venice and Genoa were well developed-> earn money by selling artwork to east Europe-> those people spent more time on supporting art, science, architecture. They also explored the world due to curiosity. Universities were set up at 12th century-> kept large collection of books about Greco-Roman ideas-> not controlled by church-> more people educated-> inquiry minds developed-> used scientific knowledge to solve problems-> humanism

6 Features of Renaissance 1. Art Renaissance Paintings All drawn from Leonardo Da Vinci ( 達文西 ) Painting Painting Name Mona Lisa (c.1503) The Vitruvian Man (c.1487) The Last Supper ( ) All drawn from Michelangelo ( 米開朗基羅 ) Painting Painting Name The Creation of Adam (c )

7 Sistine Chapel Ceiling (Book of Genesis) (c ) By Raphael The School of Athens (c )

8 Sculpture Sculpture sculpted by Michelangelo Painting Painting Name The Pieta (1496) The Moses (1505) 2. Science a. Astronomy By Copernicus - Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (Concept on Solar System) Medieval Age: The Earth is located in the center of the solar system. (Wrong Concept) (Geocentrism - 地心說 ) Renaissance: The Earth is not located in the center of the solar system. Instead, the sun is located in the center of the solar system. (Heliocentrism - 日心說, by Copernicus)

9 b. Machine Machines invented by Galileo ( 伽利略 ) Geometrical and Military Compass Knowing the direction of the geography First Astronomical Telescope A telescope observing the astronomy and space Machines invented by Leonardo Da Vinci Aerial Screw Flying Machine Armored Car Some sort of flying things Some sort of airplane Some sort of militarial car

10 3. Mathematics The Golden Ratio a. Golden Ratio Name Value Significance Phi Define Standard of Beauty Everything in this ratio has the most comfortable and beautiful looking. This is beauty Golden Ratio and Golden Sprawl Beautiful! Awesome! As the golden ratio is set, this defines the standard of beauty because this ratio product makes people comfortable. Therefore, many objects and architectures are designed base on this golden ratio.

11 4. Literature Literature Piece Literature Information and Description The Decameron (By Boccaccio) The book is structured as a frame story containing 100 tales told by a group of seven young women and three young men sheltering in a secluded villa just outside Florence to escape the Black Death, which was afflicting the city. Boccaccio probably conceived of The Decameron after the epidemic of 1348, and completed it by The Divine Comedy (By Dante) This shows the difference between rich and the poor, shows the society of capitalism where social class appears. The society has divided and their may be social division so this is divine comedy. 5. Architecture 3 properties of Renaissance Architecture: 1. Simplicity 2. Proportion (Golden ratio, shaped) 3. Balance (Symmetry and axis) 4 classical elements of Renaissance Architecture 1. Columns 2. Domes 3. Arches 4. Symmetry

12 (Greco-roman Culture Style) Columns/Orders Dome Arches Symmetry

13 6. of Discovery Christopher Columbus ( 哥倫布 ) discovered the Land of America The scale of the map is more accurate (Adjusting the more accurate size of the arctic and antarctica) (Mercator 1569 World Map) Voyages of Discovery - 15th century to 16th century