TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE... INTRODUCTION...

Transcription

1 PREFACE INTRODUCTION VII XIX PART ONE JEAN-FRANÇOIS LYOTARD CHAPTER ONE FIRST ACQUAINTANCE WITH LYOTARD I. The Postmodern Condition: The End of the Grand Narratives 6 1. The Limits of Systems Theory Science, Technology, and Performativity Intermezzo: Personal Enjoyment and Technological Innovations II. Lyotard s Language Pragmatics Basic Vocabulary: Phrase, Regimes of Phrases, Discourse Genres The Question of Justice III. Transition Towards the Sublime CHAPTER TWO KANT S NOTION OF THE SUBLIME AND ITS APPROPRIA- TION BY LYOTARD I. Kant on the Difference between the Beautiful and the Sublime The Beautiful The Sublime II. The Sublime as Contrast Experience The Various Phases of the Contrast Experience The Clash between Mind and Nature as the Core Experience of the Sublime Enthusiasm as a Modality of the Feeling of the Sublime. 40 III. Lyotard s Revised Reading of the Sublime Signs of the Sublime in History? The Solely Indicative Function of as if Presentations: No Guidelines for Political Action

2 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER THREE TRANSPOSING KANT TO THE KEY OF THE POSTMODERN 57 I. Why this Interest in Kant? and Which Kant? II. Lyotard s Distinctive Reading of Kant s Critique of Judgment The Tautegorical : The Felt Presence of Thought to Itself Erasure of the Substantial Subject Sensus Communis Does Not Imply Unanimity The Importance of Feelings in the Faculties Contact with the Supersensible Unification of the Faculties through Their Affinity in the Felt Contact with the Supersensible III. Postmodern Features in Lyotard s Reading of Kant Clearing Up a Possible Misunderstanding Five Postmodern Features IV. Some Methodological Considerations CHAPTER FOUR THE ROLE OF FEELINGS IN LYOTARD S POLITICAL JUDG- MENT I. Just Gaming: The Felt Obligation: Judging without Criteria Obligation Cannot Be Derived from Theoretical Knowledge; it Comes from Listening Kant s Categorical Imperative: The Role of Reflection II. Lyotard s Political Judgment: From Just Gaming to The Differend. The Refusal to Stifle the Differend III. The Feeling Left by Auschwitz IV. Auschwitz: Remember! Heidegger and the jews V. Testifying to the Unpresentable: The Vocation of the Artist. 128 VI. The Jewish Roots of the Feeling of the Sublime CHAPTER FIVE UNIVERSALITY REVISITED I. Rupture with Modernity or Radicalization of Modernity? Invention of the Rules: Beyond Habermas Consensus Theory Lyotard s Response to Nihilism the Awareness of the Little of Reality The Meaning of Always too Early/Always too Late : In Search of the Rules

3 XV II. The Questionable Universalization Inherent in the Speculative Phrase III. Towards a Universality without Exclusion Only an Attitude of Bearing Witness to the Unpresentable Creates an Openness towards True Universality The Jewish Methodology of the Concrete The Notion of True Universality: Justice of Multiplicity Sharpening our Working Hypothesis PART TWO JACQUES DERRIDA CHAPTER SIX THE NIETZSCHEAN INFLUENCE I. Nietzsche s Vitalism and Perspectivism Perspectivism Vitalism II. Derrida s Appropriation of Nietzsche Weakening of Nietzsche s Vitalism The Legacy of Nietzsche s Perspectivism III. Radicalization of Heidegger s Deconstruction of Western Metaphysics Heidegger and the Question of Being Derrida s Critical Assessment of Semiotics Derrida s Criticism of Heidegger Back to the Nietzschean Influence CHAPTER SEVEN DERRIDA AND PHENOMENOLOGY I. Husserl s Phenomenology From Static to Genetic Phenomenology Comparison with Kant s Tanscendental Approach II. Derrida s Notion of Deconstruction III. The Rise of Deconstruction: Derrida s Early Studies of Husserl Genesis and Structure in Husserl s Phenomenology The Problem of Genesis in Husserl s Phenomenology a) The Temporality of the Perceiving I b) Questioning Husserl s Idealistic Concept of Science Introduction to Husserl s Origin of Geometry

4 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS a) Criticism of Husserl s Univocal Use of Language b) The Kantian Idea Cannot be Phenomenologically Perceived CHAPTER EIGHT DERRIDA S EXPLORATION OF EXTERIORITY AND ANTE- RIORITY I. Violence and Metaphysics: The Question of Exteriority Derrida s Positive Appreciation of Levinas Totality and Infinity Problematization of Levinas Metaphysics of the Infinite The Strange Coupling of Judaism and Hellenism II. Speech and Phenomena: Introduction to the Problem of Signs in Husserl s Phenomenology The Idealistic Bias in Husserl s Theory of Signs The Role of Non-Presence in the Constitution of Presence Elements in Husserl that Prepared the Way for Différance 263 III. The Mythical Anteriority of Trace, Différance, and Khôra Trace Différance Khôra CHAPTER NINE DERRIDA S POLITICAL ETHICS: FOUNDATIONS I. The Desire for the Impossible : Derrida s Move beyond Phenomenology The Impossible Gift On the Gift: A Discussion between Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion II. Derrida and the Question of Justice Has Deconstruction Anything to Say about Justice? The Mystical Foundation of Authority In Search for an Impossible Justice beyond Legality III. Walter Benjamin s Critique of the Force of Law: A Source for Derrida? Law-Instituting Force and Law-Preserving Force : A Questionable Separation Demythologizing Benjamin s Apocalyptic Interruption of History

5 XVII CHAPTER TEN DERRIDA S POLITICAL ETHICS: FURTHER ELABORATIONS. THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE I. Derrida and the Legacy of Marx Spectrality Criticism of Fukuyama Plea for a New International Derrida s Notion of Messianicity II. Cosmopolitanism: The Right to Hospitality Who and What Is the Stranger? The Right to Asylum Welcoming the Stranger: Beyond Mere Tolerance III. Impossible Forgiveness Lies in Politics and the Confession of Crimes against Humanity Clarification of Some Basic Notions Impossible Forgiveness and Its Impact on the Political and Juridical Order GENERAL CONCLUSION I. A New Kind of Universality II. The Influence of Jewish Thought III. Practical Applications