Introduction to semantic networks and conceptual graphs

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Introduction to semantic networks and conceptual graphs"

Transcription

1 Introduction to semantic networks and conceptual graphs Based upon a lecture from Bertil Ekdahl respeo@telia.com

2 Some useful links Logic notions and basic articles: The DARPA Agent Markup Language: The OWL language: 2

3 Language Meaning is created in our brain, based upon our sensations. That is why one may create a mocking world, good or bad. There is no point in having a well developed mechanism for conceptualising the sensations, if we were not capable of communicating these concepts. Here language comes into play. Language allows us to communicate ideas, which implies the possibility of having a social meaning. Without language, we each live in our own separate mental world. With language, we can share the world inhabited by others. With a language it is possible to influence the mind of another individual. 3

4 From subjectivity to objectivity Language bear our cognitively created concepts. How is it possible that subjective meanings then become objective facilities? The same question is raised by Gärdenfors: But, if everybody can mandate his own cognitive meaning, how can we then talk about the meaning of an expression? And how can somebody be wrong about the meaning? Gärdenfors claims that the meanings are individually constructed but the social meaning of a sentence is not determined by the mental conceptual structure of a single individual. Instead the jointly (social) meaning, together with a semantic power structure, determines the social meaning. 4

5 Semantics The meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text. Example: Susan saw the man in the park with a dog. Susan saw the man in the park with a statue. Susan saw the man in the park with a telescope We must have a notation where these differences can be described. 5

6 Semantics The meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text. Example: Susan saw the man in the park with a dog. Susan saw the man in the park with a statue. Susan saw the man in the park with a telescope We must have a notation where these differences can be described. 5

7 Semantics The meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text. Example: Susan saw the man in the park with a dog. Susan saw the man in the park with a statue. Susan saw the man in the park with a telescope We must have a notation where these differences can be described. 5

8 Semantics The meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text. Example: Susan saw the man in the park with a dog. Susan saw the man in the park with a statue. Susan saw the man in the park with a telescope We must have a notation where these differences can be described. 5

9 Semantic Net is used as a knowledge representation is a directed graph consisting of nodes, representing concepts, and edges, representing relations between concepts. 6

10 What is a concept? An Idea, especially an abstract idea Philosophy: A general idea or notion that corresponds to some class or entities and that consists of the characteristic or essential features of the class. From Latin conceptum something received or conceived. 7

11 Cat has Spine Fur has isa has Animal isa Mammal isa Bear isa isa Whale Fish lives in Water lives in

12 A is part of B (Meronymy) Examples. Blue is a Color Doctor is a Professional St Paul s Cathedral is a Church of England Mammal is an animal

13 B has A as part of itself (Holonymy) Examples. Tree has bark Tree has trunk Tree has limb Mammal has vertebra

14 A is a kind of B (Hyponymy) Example. Scarlet, vermilion, carmine all is a kind of red Not: Pine is a kind of tree. Pine is a tree!

15 A is a kind of B (Hyponymy) Example. Scarlet, vermilion, carmine all is a kind of red Not: Pine is a kind of tree. Pine is a tree! Red

16 A is a kind of B (Hyponymy) Example. Scarlet, vermilion, carmine all is a kind of red Not: Pine is a kind of tree. Pine is a tree! Red Tree Pine Birch

17 Membership isa is part of Subset Properties of members and sets.

18 A is superordinate of B (Hypernymy) The opposite of is a kind of. Example. Transportation includes/comprises train, airplane, automobile.

19 Synonym: has the same meaning. Examples of synonyms. Cat and feline. Baby and infant Smart and intelligent.

20 Antonyms: opposite in meaning. Examples. Up and down. Hot and cold.

21 Mammal isa Person has Head instance of Trombone Plays Bertil Ekdahl Orchestra HBB

22 Mammal isa These relations are not interesting! Person has Head instance of Trombone Plays Bertil Ekdahl Orchestra HBB

23 Fly Bird action (can) has Wings instance Ostrich action (can) Run

24 This relation means most Fly Bird action (can) has Wings instance Ostrich action (can) Run

25 Mammal blood temp Warm kind of Elephant color Grey isa Robin favorite food Cookies

26 kind of Mammal blood temp Strange modelling! Warm Elephant color Grey isa Robin favorite food Cookies

27 Common types of semantic nets Existential graphs (Charles S. Peirce) Conceptual graphs (John F. Sowa) Formal Concept Analysis (Rudolf Wille)

28 Conceptual graphs (CGs) are a system of logic based on the existential graphs of C. S. Peirce and the semantic networks of artificial intelligence. They express meaning in a form that is logically precise, humanly readable, and computationally tractable. With a direct mapping to language, conceptual graphs serve as an intermediate language for translating computer-oriented formalisms to and from natural languages. ( )

29 CG: John is going to Boston by bus.

30 As a mnemonic aid, an arrow pointing toward the circle may be read "has a(n)"; an arrow pointing away may be read "which is a(n)"; and any abbreviations may be expanded to the full forms. Go has an agent which is a person John. Go has a destination which is a city Boston. Go has an instrument which is a bus.

31 has which is CG for the sentence: Conceptual graphs. A conceptual graph is a graph or network of two kinds of nodes: Concepts and Relations. The nodes have arcs between them. The arcs are always directed, i.e., they have a direction. This is indicated by an arrow head.

32 Concepts Relations Person: Alfred Drive which is has Agent Car: Afred s car Thme

33 Concepts Relations Person: Alfred Drive which is has Agent Car: Afred s car Thme Alfred is driving Alfred's car

34 Example: Bird which is Agent has Sing A bird sing. Bird is an agent of Sing. Sing has an agent which is a bird

35 Nested graphs Person: Bertil Expr Believe Thme Proposition: Sun # Agnt Shine Bertil believes that the sun is shining.

36 John gave Mary flowers. Person: John Agnt Flower:{*} Thme Give Rcpt Person: Mary

37 John gave Mary flowers. But what about time? Person: John Agnt Flower:{*} Thme Give Rcpt Person: Mary

38 John gave Mary flowers. But what about time? Person: John Agnt Flower:{*} Thme Give Rcpt Time: past When Person: Mary

39 Online Course in Knowledge Representation using Conceptual Graphs Aalborg University

40 End For this time

Lesson THINKING OPERATIONS. Now you re going to say the rule that starts with no chairs. (Pause.) Get ready.

Lesson THINKING OPERATIONS. Now you re going to say the rule that starts with no chairs. (Pause.) Get ready. THINKING OPERATIONS EXERCISE 1 DEDUCTIONS: With all and every The first Thinking Operation today is Deductions. 1. I ll say rules with all or every. You say them the other way. What two words are we going

More information

Foundations in Data Semantics. Chapter 4

Foundations in Data Semantics. Chapter 4 Foundations in Data Semantics Chapter 4 1 Introduction IT is inherently incapable of the analog processing the human brain is capable of. Why? Digital structures consisting of 1s and 0s Rule-based system

More information

Lexical Semantics: Sense, Referent, Prototype. Sentential Semantics (phrasal, clausal meaning)

Lexical Semantics: Sense, Referent, Prototype. Sentential Semantics (phrasal, clausal meaning) Lexical Semantics: Sense, Referent, Prototype 1. Semantics Lexical Semantics (word meaning) Sentential Semantics (phrasal, clausal meaning) 2. A word is different from its meaning The three phonemes in

More information

Introduction to WordNet, HowNet, FrameNet and ConceptNet

Introduction to WordNet, HowNet, FrameNet and ConceptNet Introduction to WordNet, HowNet, FrameNet and ConceptNet Zi Lin the Department of Chinese Language and Literature August 31, 2017 Zi Lin (PKU) Intro to Ontologies August 31, 2017 1 / 25 WordNet Begun in

More information

Semantic Analysis in Language Technology

Semantic Analysis in Language Technology Spring 2017 Semantic Analysis in Language Technology Word Senses Gintare Grigonyte gintare@ling.su.se Department of Linguistics Stockholm University, Sweden Acknowledgements Most slides borrowed from:

More information

Lecture 13: Chapter 10: Semantics

Lecture 13: Chapter 10: Semantics Lecture 13: Chapter 10: Semantics Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321 Semantics Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. Conceptual & associative

More information

Contents. sample. Unit Page Enrichment. 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive...

Contents. sample. Unit Page Enrichment. 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive... Contents 6A Unit Page Enrichment 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will... 2 38 2 Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive... 6 * 4 Conjunctions(1): so that, because... 8 * 5 Relative Pronouns...

More information

1. As you study the list, vary the order of the words.

1. As you study the list, vary the order of the words. A Note to This Wordbook contains all the sight words we will be studying throughout the year plus some additional enrichment words. Your child should spend some time (10 15 minutes) each day studying this

More information

englishforeveryone.org

englishforeveryone.org englishforeveryone.org Name Date Word Pair Analogies Answer Key (high-beginning level) Worksheet 1 1) C 6) A A wheel is part of a car. Something that is serious lacks humor. 2) B 7) D A key is used to

More information

Basic Sight Words - Preprimer

Basic Sight Words - Preprimer Basic Sight Words - Preprimer a and my run can three look help in for down we big here it away me to said one where is yellow blue you go two the up see play funny make red come jump not find little I

More information

L.4.4a L.3.4a L.2.4a

L.4.4a L.3.4a L.2.4a L.4.4a L.3.4a L.2.4a p. 3-4: Scoot Directions p. 5-8: Set 1 Choose the definition that matches the word as it is used in the sentence. p. 9: Answer key p. 10-13: Set 2 Choose the sentence in which the

More information

Key - Worksheet 3 Linguistics Eng B

Key - Worksheet 3 Linguistics Eng B Key - Worksheet 3 Linguistics Eng B yntax, semantics, and pragmatics 1. Draw tree diagrams and provide rewrite rules for the following: a. The boy devoured the sandwich. P V P The boys devoured the sandwich

More information

Instant Words Group 1

Instant Words Group 1 Group 1 the a is you to and we that in not for at with it on can will are of this your as but be have the a is you to and we that in not for at with it on can will are of this your as but be have the a

More information

First 100 High Frequency Words

First 100 High Frequency Words First 100 High Frequency Words in frequency order reading down the columns the that not look put and with then don t could a all were come house to we go will old said can little into too in are as back

More information

Multi-Agent and Semantic Web Systems: Ontologies

Multi-Agent and Semantic Web Systems: Ontologies Multi-Agent and Semantic Web Systems: Ontologies Fiona McNeill School of Informatics 17th January 2013 Fiona McNeill Multi-agent Semantic Web Systems: Ontologies 17th January 2013 0/29 What is an ontology?

More information

Peirce's Remarkable Rules of Inference

Peirce's Remarkable Rules of Inference Peirce's Remarkable Rules of Inference John F. Sowa Abstract. The rules of inference that Peirce invented for existential graphs are the simplest, most elegant, and most powerful rules ever proposed for

More information

Knowledge Representation

Knowledge Representation ! Knowledge Representation " Concise representation of knowledge that is manipulatable in software.! Types of Knowledge " Declarative knowledge (facts) " Procedural knowledge (how to do something) " Analogous

More information

English Grade 2 3rd Quarter

English Grade 2 3rd Quarter English Grade 2 3rd Quarter 1 2 3rd Quarter Grade 2 Supplemental Lesson Plan Lesson 4 Focus: Noting details, sequencing, articles a and an, rhyming words, two-syllable words, forming sentences A. Introduction/Preparatory

More information

Chapter 9: Semantics. LANE 321 Content adapted from Yule (2010) Copyright 2014 Haifa Alroqi

Chapter 9: Semantics. LANE 321 Content adapted from Yule (2010) Copyright 2014 Haifa Alroqi Chapter 9: Semantics LANE 321 Content adapted from Yule (2010) Copyright 2014 Haifa Alroqi Semantics What is Semantics? Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. Meaning When

More information

Fry Instant Phrases. First 100 Words/Phrases

Fry Instant Phrases. First 100 Words/Phrases Fry Instant Phrases The words in these phrases come from Dr. Edward Fry s Instant Word List (High Frequency Words). According to Fry, the first 300 words in the list represent about 67% of all the words

More information

SESSION 5 PRACTICING LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATIVE SKILL: READING, WRITING, TRANSLATION, VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION

SESSION 5 PRACTICING LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATIVE SKILL: READING, WRITING, TRANSLATION, VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION SESSION 5 PRACTICING LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATIVE SKILL: READING, WRITING, TRANSLATION, VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION I. CONTENTS: 1. Time Contrast: PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE. 2. Conditional sentences with IF.

More information

Meaning 1. Semantics is concerned with the literal meaning of sentences of a language.

Meaning 1. Semantics is concerned with the literal meaning of sentences of a language. Meaning 1 Semantics is concerned with the literal meaning of sentences of a language. Pragmatics is concerned with what people communicate using the sentences of the language, the speaker s meaning. 1

More information

Pgs. Level 1 Questions Level 2 Questions Level 3 Questions Level 4 Questions

Pgs. Level 1 Questions Level 2 Questions Level 3 Questions Level 4 Questions 1 2 (Point to the egg) What is Show me the pine cone. (Point to a leaf) Find me another one like this. (Point to the nest) What is The egg is in the Who is looking at the egg? Point to the biggest owl.

More information

Word Fry Phrase. one by one. I had this. how is he for you

Word Fry Phrase. one by one. I had this. how is he for you Book 1 List 1 Book 1 List 3 Book 1 List 5 I I like at one by one use we will use am to the be me or you an how do they the a little this this is all each if they will little to have from we like words

More information

Chapter 2 What is meaning (2-2)

Chapter 2 What is meaning (2-2) Chapter 2 What is meaning (2-2) 2.8.8 Euphemism 2.8.8.1 Definition Euphemism is the use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones. [Crowther (ed.), 1992: 305]

More information

DAV Centenary Public School

DAV Centenary Public School ASSIGNMENTS SUBJECT- ENGLISH CLASS-II ASSIGNMENT-1 LESSON- 1 SHEETAL Q-1 You are grown up now. You can do so many things on your own. Write in five sentences that you can do yourself. Q-2 Fill in the blanks.

More information

2018 English Entrance Exam for Returnees

2018 English Entrance Exam for Returnees 2018 English Entrance Exam for Returnees Do not open the test book until instructed to do so! Notes The exam is 45 minutes long. The exam has 4 sections. These are: 1. Listening 2. Vocabulary & Grammar

More information

Winterbourne Nursery & Infant School

Winterbourne Nursery & Infant School Winterbourne Nursery & Infant School Year 1 Curriculum Map Term Autumn 1 Autumn 2 Spring 1 Spring 2 Summer 1 Summer 2 Trips/Visitors Norbury Library Church Visit Meet the dinosaur/fossil investigation

More information

Sight Word Sentence Cards {Level 5}

Sight Word Sentence Cards {Level 5} Sight Word Sentence Cards {Level 5} Read more about the Level 5 cards HERE. Find my printable sight word lists HERE. Level 5: Dolch 3 rd grade + Fry 2 nd 100 Sight Word Sentence Cards These sight word

More information

Power Words come. she. here. * these words account for up to 50% of all words in school texts

Power Words come. she. here. * these words account for up to 50% of all words in school texts a and the it is in was of to he I that here Power Words come you on for my went see like up go she said * these words account for up to 50% of all words in school texts Red Words look jump we away little

More information

Name Date # Dog is to mammal as robin is to bird. A dog is a kind of mammal and a robin is a kind of bird, so the relationship is is a kind of.

Name Date # Dog is to mammal as robin is to bird. A dog is a kind of mammal and a robin is a kind of bird, so the relationship is is a kind of. 1. For the following analogies, identify the relationship that connects the words. If you are not sure of a word s meaning, use your dictionary as a reference. EXAMPLE Dog is to mammal as robin is to bird.

More information

4th Quarter First Grade Samples of Proficient Writing FIRST GRADE

4th Quarter First Grade Samples of Proficient Writing FIRST GRADE FIRST GRADE This is a collection of writing samples collected from first grade students at the end of the fourth quarter of 2011-2012. Teachers were asked to submit point in time examples of proficient

More information

The First Hundred Instant Sight Words. Words 1-25 Words Words Words

The First Hundred Instant Sight Words. Words 1-25 Words Words Words The First Hundred Instant Sight Words Words 1-25 Words 26-50 Words 51-75 Words 76-100 the or will number of one up no and had other way a by about could to words out people in but many my is not then than

More information

A nurse works at a hospital. Left is the opposite of (A) right. A pencil is used to write. Fingers are used to (A) touch.

A nurse works at a hospital. Left is the opposite of (A) right. A pencil is used to write. Fingers are used to (A) touch. englishforeveryone.org Name Date Word Pair Analogies Answer Key (low-beginning level) Worksheet 1 1) A 6) D Up is the opposite of down. A nurse works at a hospital. Left is the opposite of (A) right. A

More information

Supplementary Material Notes

Supplementary Material Notes Supplementary Material Notes LEVEL: Elementary (A1-A2) UNIT 2 LESSON: 2D Words, Things and Locations Supplement title Type of supplement Where to use Objectives Take a Break in Reading After reading the

More information

Commas - 1. Name: The comma will put a PAUSE in your sentence. The comma allows you to combine 2 IDEAS into one sentence.

Commas - 1. Name: The comma will put a PAUSE in your sentence. The comma allows you to combine 2 IDEAS into one sentence. Worksheet Commas - 1 The comma will put a AUE in your sentence. q If you would clean your room, we could play outside. The comma allows you to combine 2 IDEA into one sentence. q While I washed the dishes,

More information

They have chosen the strategies of: Embedded Learning Opportunities: Embedding is the intentional use of

They have chosen the strategies of: Embedded Learning Opportunities: Embedding is the intentional use of Love to the teachers I am delighted that you are reading one of my Conscious Stories. I send you deep love and appreciation for the work you do to nurture our children. To support you in delivering evidence-based

More information

Page 1-6 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-II, 2012 Subject : ENGLISH Time : 1 hrs. Class : I st M.M. : 60 Name :... Roll No.... READING COMREHENSION Q.1 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below

More information

A picture of the grammar. Sense and Reference. A picture of the grammar. A revised picture. Foundations of Semantics LING 130 James Pustejovsky

A picture of the grammar. Sense and Reference. A picture of the grammar. A revised picture. Foundations of Semantics LING 130 James Pustejovsky A picture of the grammar Sense and Reference Foundations of Semantics LING 130 James Pustejovsky Thanks to Dan Wedgewood of U. Edinburgh for use of some slides grammar context SYNTAX SEMANTICS PRAGMATICS

More information

Sentences for the vocabulary of The Queen and I

Sentences for the vocabulary of The Queen and I Sentences for the vocabulary of The Queen and I 1. I got in the room, I heard a noise. 2. F is the quality of being free. 3. Curso del 63 is a TV program where some students live and study in a b. 4. A

More information

Dolch Pre-Primer Sight Vocabulary. I in is it jump little look make me my not one play red

Dolch Pre-Primer Sight Vocabulary. I in is it jump little look make me my not one play red Dolch Pre-Primer Sight Vocabulary a and away big blue can come down find for funny go help here I in is it jump little look make me my not one play red run said see the three to two up we where yellow

More information

Literal & Nonliteral Language

Literal & Nonliteral Language Literal & Nonliteral Language Grade Level: 4-6 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 5 Activity Page pages 6-7 Practice Page page 8 Homework Page page 9 Answer Key page 10-11 Classroom

More information

Question Bank II SEMESTER. L- 11 Punctuation. 10. Put the appropriate punctuation mark at the end of each of the following sentence:

Question Bank II SEMESTER. L- 11 Punctuation. 10. Put the appropriate punctuation mark at the end of each of the following sentence: 1 STD -II Question Bank English II II SEMESTER L- 11 Punctuation 1. Put the appropriate punctuation mark at the end of each of the following sentence: Veena will now sing the national anthem 2. Put the

More information

hand chicken knot bunk

hand chicken knot bunk Name { Phonics } Write each word where it fits in the boxes. 21 sight words RF.2.3 use each how their when do if which \ Write the plural of each word. hand chicken knot bunk Name { Comprehension } Read

More information

LESSON 27. Task A: (New Skill Analogies Game: Find the Connection) Adventures in Language Level IVA Novel Ideas, Inc. Teacher Presentation Book

LESSON 27. Task A: (New Skill Analogies Game: Find the Connection) Adventures in Language Level IVA Novel Ideas, Inc. Teacher Presentation Book LESSON 27 Preparation: Prepare overhead transparency or Smart Board file of BLM 27. A small piece of scrap paper for each student Class chart titled Paragraph Power The students will need their Drafting

More information

Lexical Categories: Semantics

Lexical Categories: Semantics Saeed: Chapter 3.5, 5.2.1-5.2.3 Lexical Categories: Semantics Ling 222 - Chapter 2b 1 Homonymy Unrelated senses of the same phonological word Homophone and homograph nail, bark, fan stalk, rose Homophone

More information

Homework 1/30-2/3 Due on Friday 2/3

Homework 1/30-2/3 Due on Friday 2/3 Homework 1/30-2/3 Due on Friday 2/3 If not using a packet, please use a neat sheet of paper Keep your work NEAT and ORGANIZED Include your name, date, and parent signature 7. Which of the following sentences

More information

Is there a Future for AI without Representation?

Is there a Future for AI without Representation? Is there a Future for AI without Representation? Vincent C. Müller American College of Thessaloniki vmueller@act.edu June 12 th, 2007 - MDH 1 Brooks - a way out of our troubles? Brooks new AI to the rescue:

More information

Conceptions and Context as a Fundament for the Representation of Knowledge Artifacts

Conceptions and Context as a Fundament for the Representation of Knowledge Artifacts Conceptions and Context as a Fundament for the Representation of Knowledge Artifacts Thomas KARBE FLP, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, 10587, Germany ABSTRACT It is a well-known fact that knowledge

More information

Why do you think many people move to America?

Why do you think many people move to America? Why do you think many people move to America? I met a boy named Pat on the plane. We spoke both English and Spanish. I told him I had practiced my English for years in school. Of all my school subjects,

More information

Absurdities REM 201C A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM... C RITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Absurdities REM 201C A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM... C RITICAL THINKING SKILLS C RITICAL THINKING SKILLS Absurdities A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM... REM 201C AUTHOR / ILLUSTRATOR Ellie Weiler 1983, 1997, 2001 Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the

More information

Semantics: The meaning of words

Semantics: The meaning of words Semantics 91 10/24/04 Semantics: The meaning of words Three views of meaning: 1. definitions, which are most highly valued culturally 2. lists of features, which do not actually define an entity (as in

More information

Vocabulary Sentences & Conversation Color Shape Math. blue green. Vocabulary Sentences & Conversation Color Shape Math. blue brown

Vocabulary Sentences & Conversation Color Shape Math. blue green. Vocabulary Sentences & Conversation Color Shape Math. blue brown Scope & Sequence Unit 1 Classroom chair colo paper crayon door pencil scissors shelf table A: What do you see? B: I see a book. A: What do you do with scissors? B: I cut with scissors. number 1 I put the

More information

Imagery. The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, places, or ideas.

Imagery. The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, places, or ideas. Imagery The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, places, or ideas. Sensory Detail A detail that draws on any of the five senses. The FIVE Senses Sight visual imagery Sound

More information

Quick Assessment Project EDUC 203

Quick Assessment Project EDUC 203 Quick Assessment Project EDUC 203 This quick assessment is based on several well-known language testing strategies and methods. It is designed only to offer you an experience in testing an EL and should

More information

In-Class Activity Packet

In-Class Activity Packet READING DEVELOPMENT In-Class Activity Packet Program for Entering 2nd Graders Emergency Contact Information Please fill this out and return it to your teacher by the end of the first class. Student s

More information

Write the words and then match them to the correct pictures.

Write the words and then match them to the correct pictures. Cones All Around Write the words and then match them to the correct pictures. cones hat jet volcano 1 Finish the sentences with the correct words. Then write the sentences again. 1. A has a cone. 2. You

More information

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, RAIPUR

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, RAIPUR DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, RAIPUR TERMINAL ASSESSMENT - II (2018-19) (MODEL PAPER) SUBJECT: ENGLISH DATE: MARKS: 50 NAME: CLASS: II SEC: ROLL NO: MARKS OBTAINED: INVIGILATOR S SIGN: EXAMINER S SIGN: RECHECKER

More information

Guru Kids Pro Reading Comprehension 1 (Level A)

Guru Kids Pro Reading Comprehension 1 (Level A) Guru Kids Pro Reading Comprehension 1 (Level A) Name: Date: Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below. Anna is an artist. She draws the moon. She draws clouds. She draws stars. Questions

More information

By Mark and Helen Warner

By Mark and Helen Warner Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 1 By Mark and Helen Warner www.teachingpacks.co.uk Full Stop Comma Exclamation Mark Question Mark Speech Marks Apostrophe Colon Semi-Colon Ellipsis Dash / Hyphen

More information

What is important about the things we like? Answers by Mrs. Caruso s 2 nd graders.

What is important about the things we like? Answers by Mrs. Caruso s 2 nd graders. What is important about the things we like? Answers by Mrs. Caruso s 2 nd graders. A Media Center project for Mrs. Leddy April 2013 Based on the book by Margaret Wise Brown Bananas The important thing

More information

Georgia Performance Standards for Second Grade

Georgia Performance Standards for Second Grade Georgia Performance Standards for Second Grade Language Arts Terms for Georgia s (CRCT) Criterion Reference Competency Test Administered in April of Each Year Parents: We are counting on you to help us

More information

Animal timing, continued

Animal timing, continued Animal timing, continued Temporal bisection The information processing model and relative time (again) Do animals plan ahead? Psy 362S 2007, Lecture 7.2 slide 1 Temporal bisection: relative timing again

More information

Pronouns. *when nouns go pro*

Pronouns. *when nouns go pro* Pronouns *when nouns go pro* Pronouns - words that take the place of nouns Read this paragraph. What sticks out to you? What s funny about this paragraph? Mary likes to dance. Mary s favorite style of

More information

In the sentence above we find the article "a". It shows us that the speaker does not need a specific chair. He can have any chair.

In the sentence above we find the article a. It shows us that the speaker does not need a specific chair. He can have any chair. English Grammar Articles (a, an, the) What are English grammar articles? An article is a word that is used before a noun to show whether the noun refers to something specific or not. A, anand the are articles.

More information

STATION 1: Read this paragraph and look for an example of each type of figurative language listed on your answer sheet. Write each example you find on the correct line. One day Ryan Richard Reynolds was

More information

DAY TEST AND OBJECTIVES PAGES VOCABULARY TEST MONDAY, Students will solve subtraction and addition problems.

DAY TEST AND OBJECTIVES PAGES VOCABULARY TEST MONDAY, Students will solve subtraction and addition problems. 4 th DAY TEST AND OBJECTIVES PAGES VOCABULARY TEST MONDAY, JUNE 4 th TUESDAY, JUNE 5 th Students will use the meanings of the vocabulary words to write sentences. Study the words in book 4. MATH QUIZ Students

More information

By Deb Hanson I have world languages. I have elements of a fiction book. Who has the main idea for characters, setting, and plot?

By Deb Hanson I have world languages. I have elements of a fiction book. Who has the main idea for characters, setting, and plot? I have world languages. for characters, setting, and plot? I have elements of a fiction book. for fins, gills, and tail? By Deb Hanson 2015 www.teacherspayteachers.com/store/deb-hanson I have the first

More information

KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ALFLAH PRIVATE SCHOOLS RFFA BOYS BRANCH. June English Exam. DURATION: 40 minutes

KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ALFLAH PRIVATE SCHOOLS RFFA BOYS BRANCH. June English Exam. DURATION: 40 minutes 1 KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ALFLAH PRIVATE SCHOOLS RFFA BOYS BRANCH June 2014 English Exam DURATION: 40 minutes Read the instructions: Use the blue pen only. Read the instructions of the

More information

Table of Contents. Introduction Capitalization

Table of Contents. Introduction Capitalization Table of Contents Introduction... 5 Capitalization Sentence Beginnings...6 The Pronoun I... 8 Mixed Review... 10 Proper Nouns: Names of People and Pets... 12 Proper Nouns: Family Names and Titles... 14

More information

Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics Class 3 Semantic Relations

Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics Class 3 Semantic Relations Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics Class 3 Semantic Relations Dylan Glynn dglynn@univ-paris8.fr Semantic Relations Semantic Intention What do you want to say How do you choose to say it? When you

More information

1 st Final Term Revision SY Student s Name:

1 st Final Term Revision SY Student s Name: 1 st Final Term Revision SY 2018-19 Student s Name: Grade: 6A Subject: English Teachers Signature SUBJECT VERB Agreement A. Circle the correct verb in each of the sentences below. 1. Margo and her parents

More information

Dolch Word List. List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 List 5 List 6 List 7 List 8 List 9 List 10 List 11. Name. Parents,

Dolch Word List. List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 List 5 List 6 List 7 List 8 List 9 List 10 List 11. Name. Parents, Parents, Please have your child practice their sight words each night. I will be putting a beside each word your child reads. Once a list is complete I will put a sticker on the cover beside the completed

More information

flower street snow bath suit rain sun block light pot coat star fish bird 5. A kind of lotion you put on your skin in the summer

flower street snow bath suit rain sun block light pot coat star fish bird 5. A kind of lotion you put on your skin in the summer Write a compound word for each meaning. Combine words from the box to make the compounds. Compound Words flower street snow bath suit rain sun block light pot coat star fish bird 1. An outside lamp 2.

More information

Name of Material: Pre- K Riddles

Name of Material: Pre- K Riddles PKriddle_petbed2 Pre- K Name of Material: Pre- K Riddles Assembly/printing instructions: Print each message double sided, so that the sentence is on one side and the picture is on the back. Fold and place

More information

Example: Directions: Choose the word on the right that best expresses a relationship similar to that of the original pair. englishforeveryone.

Example: Directions: Choose the word on the right that best expresses a relationship similar to that of the original pair. englishforeveryone. Word Pair Analogies 1 low-beginning level Directions: Choose the word on the right that best expresses a relationship similar to that of the original pair. A rose is a kind of flower. A hammer is a kind

More information

HAVE GOT WAS WERE CAN. Koalatext.com TO BE GRAMMAR CONDITIONAL 0

HAVE GOT WAS WERE CAN. Koalatext.com TO BE GRAMMAR CONDITIONAL 0 Koalatext.com HAVE GOT CAN WAS WERE IF TO BE GRAMMAR CONDITIONAL 0 CONDITIONAL 0 Activity 1. Separate 1.- IamnervouswhenIhaveanexam. 2.- WhenIdon tstudy,idon tpassexams. 3.- Iamhappyifyouhelpme 4.- Youfeelgoodwhenyoudoexercise.

More information

PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST

PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST PART 1- LISTENING PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST 1. What does the man receive in the post? 2. What did the man buy? 3. How can people travel today? 4. What is the date of the wedding anniversary? 5. What musical

More information

Knowledge Representation

Knowledge Representation 7 Knowledge Representation 7.0 Issues in Knowledge Representation 7.1 A Brief History of AI Representational Systems 7.2 Conceptual Graphs: A Network Language 7.3 Alternatives to Explicit Representation

More information

She made lunch. She was making lunch. They played baseball. They were playing baseball. I am doing my homework. I opened the gate.

She made lunch. She was making lunch. They played baseball. They were playing baseball. I am doing my homework. I opened the gate. 9 1 1 I am doing my homework. I was doing my homework. She is writing a letter. She was writing a letter. John is talking with his friends. John was talking with his friends. I am teaching English. I was

More information

Sentences. A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete thought. A sentence always tells who or what

Sentences. A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete thought. A sentence always tells who or what SENTENCES Sentences A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete thought. A sentence always tells who or what and what is or what happens. SENTENCES Sentence I like to play with dogs. The smart

More information

Unit 1 ie spelling pattern

Unit 1 ie spelling pattern 5-1-1 StepsWeb Workbook 5 Unit 1 ie spelling pattern There is a rule which is helpful even if it doesn t always work! The rule is i before e, except after c. Important words Practise these words with your

More information

Present perfect simple

Present perfect simple 10 Present perfect simple You use the present perfect simple to express passed actions linked to the present You use it to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before: - to talk about experiences

More information

ABSS HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS LIST C List A K, Lists A & B 1 st Grade, Lists A, B, & C 2 nd Grade Fundations Correlated

ABSS HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS LIST C List A K, Lists A & B 1 st Grade, Lists A, B, & C 2 nd Grade Fundations Correlated mclass List A yellow mclass List B blue mclass List C - green wish care able carry 2 become cat above bed catch across caught add certain began against2 behind city 2 being 1 class believe clean almost

More information

This is a vocabulary test. Please select the option a, b, c, or d which has the closest meaning to the word in bold.

This is a vocabulary test. Please select the option a, b, c, or d which has the closest meaning to the word in bold. The New Vocabulary Levels Test This is a vocabulary test. Please select the option a, b, c, or d which has the closest meaning to the word in bold. Example question see: They saw it. a. cut b. waited for

More information

Construal. Subjectivity/objectivity. To what extent are S or H regarded as objects of conception?

Construal. Subjectivity/objectivity. To what extent are S or H regarded as objects of conception? Subjectivity/objectivity Construal To what extent are S or H regarded as objects of conception? Objectively construed Subjectively construed I went to the dentist Can you help me? Let s go come

More information

Summer Literacy, Math and FUN Activities

Summer Literacy, Math and FUN Activities Summer Literacy, Math and FUN Activities Created by: Ashley Johnson Summer Senses What does summer feel like Summer READs Draw the book cover of some of your favorite summer reads. Summer Reads book cover

More information

announcement _G4U3W5_ indd 1 2/24/10 4:43:35 PM

announcement _G4U3W5_ indd 1 2/24/10 4:43:35 PM announcement Routine for Lesson Vocabulary Introduce This announcement tells about a baby s birth. An announcement is a public or formal notice. Let s say the word together: announcement. Demonstrate Did

More information

STUDY GUIDE SCARLET LETTER THE NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE

STUDY GUIDE SCARLET LETTER THE NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE STUDY GUIDE THE SCARLET LETTER NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE 1 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Call of the Wild A Christmas Carol Frankenstein The Red Badge of Courage The Scarlet Letter A Tale of Two Cities

More information

UNIT 2: ALL EYES AND EARS

UNIT 2: ALL EYES AND EARS UNIT 2: ALL EYES AND EARS Root Word Meaning Origin vis/vid aud phon see, look hear sound Latin Latin Greek visualize vista visionary audible audition audience auditorium cacophony xylophone phonograph

More information

EMPOWERING TEACHERS. Instructional Example LA We are going identify synonyms for words. TEACHER EXPLAINS TASK TEACHER MODELS TASK

EMPOWERING TEACHERS. Instructional Example LA We are going identify synonyms for words. TEACHER EXPLAINS TASK TEACHER MODELS TASK LA.2.1.6.7 Second Grade Vocabulary Instructional Routine: Synonyms Preparation/Materials: Word Cards (swift, fast, unhappy, sad, scared, afraid). 2 Italicized type is what the teacher does Bold type is

More information

An Introduction to Description Logic I

An Introduction to Description Logic I An Introduction to Description Logic I Introduction and Historical remarks Marco Cerami Palacký University in Olomouc Department of Computer Science Olomouc, Czech Republic Olomouc, October 30 th 2014

More information

Some Basic Concepts. Highlights of Chapter 1, 2, 3.

Some Basic Concepts. Highlights of Chapter 1, 2, 3. Some Basic Concepts Highlights of Chapter 1, 2, 3. What is Critical Thinking? Not Critical as in judging severely to find fault. Critical as in careful, exact evaluation and judgment. Critical Thinking

More information

Contents. Forms of Nonfiction Writing Writing a Summary Writing a Descriptive Essay Writing a How-to Essay...

Contents. Forms of Nonfiction Writing Writing a Summary Writing a Descriptive Essay Writing a How-to Essay... Contents How to Use This Book......................................... 4 Forms of Nonfiction Writing.................................. 7 Expository Writing Writing a.........................................

More information

THE LANGUAGE MAGICIAN classroom resources. Pupil's worksheets Activities

THE LANGUAGE MAGICIAN classroom resources. Pupil's worksheets Activities classroom resources Pupil's worksheets Activities classroom resources These resources are optional and are intended to introduce the story and the characters of the game before pupils play it for the first

More information

Nouns Name Date Block

Nouns Name Date Block Nouns Name Date Block Practice 1: People, places, and things. A noun is the name of a person, place, or thing. Some of the things named by nouns can be seen; some cannot. People Places Things mother teacher

More information

UNIT 13A AI: Natural Language Processing. Artificial Intelligence

UNIT 13A AI: Natural Language Processing. Artificial Intelligence UNIT 13A AI: Natural Language Processing 1 Artificial Intelligence Branch of computer science that studies the use of computers to perform computational processes normally associated with human intellect.

More information

The semiotic triangle. Componential Analysis. Lexical fields. Words. (Lexical) semantic relations. Componential Analysis. Semantics.

The semiotic triangle. Componential Analysis. Lexical fields. Words. (Lexical) semantic relations. Componential Analysis. Semantics. The semiotic triangle emantics meaning Componential Analysis linguistic sign object in world referent Words Lexical fields optimistic cow van pessimistic bus sane optimistic sane pessimistic cow horse

More information

Share and share alike

Share and share alike Vocabulary sharing CB page 48 Share and share alike 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 I love going out with friends and sharing/exchanging a meal with them. 2 It s a good idea to

More information

Mixing Metaphors. Mark G. Lee and John A. Barnden

Mixing Metaphors. Mark G. Lee and John A. Barnden Mixing Metaphors Mark G. Lee and John A. Barnden School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT United Kingdom mgl@cs.bham.ac.uk jab@cs.bham.ac.uk Abstract Mixed metaphors have

More information