Philosophy? BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY. Philosophy? Branches of Philosophy. Branches of Philosophy. Branches of Philosophy 1/18/2013
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1 PISMPBI3113, EDU Philosophy? 2 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY philo love of, affinity for, liking of philander to engage in love affairs frivolously philanthropy love of mankind in general philately postage stamps hobby phile (as in "anglophile") one having a love for Group 2: Zul, Ozy, Chinta Philosophy? Branches of Philosophy 3 4 philology having a liking for words sophos wisdom sophist lit. one who loves knowledge sophomore wise and moros foolish; i.e. one who thinks he knows many things sophisticated one who is knowledgeable Branches of Philosophy Branches of Philosophy 5 6 1
2 Metaphysic/ Ontology Metaphysic/ Ontology 7 Considered as the first, foremost of all other philosophies. Metaphysics (derived from the Greek words "ta meta ta physika biblia") - meaning 'the book that follows the physics book'. A branch of philosophy that deals with: Nature of existence Truth knowledge 8 Usually, in metaphysics, most discussed are the existence of God, the soul, and the afterlife. To find an ultimate generalization that is available to our own mind (human intellect) about anything that is existed or proven to be existed in our world. 9 Generalization in Metaphysic What kinds of things exist? Do only particular things exist or do general things also exist? How is existence possible? Questions as to identity and change of objects are you the same person you were as a baby? as of yesterday? as of a moment ago? 10 Generalization in Metaphysic 2. How do ideas exist if they have no size, shape, or color? (My idea of the Empire State Building is quite as "small" or as "large" as my idea of a book. I.e., an idea is not extended in space.) What is space? What is time? Generalization in Metaphysic Metaphysics in Education E.g., Consider the truths of mathematics: in what manner do geometric figures exist? Are points, lines, or planes real or not? Of what are they made? 4. What is spirit? or soul? or matter? space? Are they made up of the same sort of "stuff"? 5. When, if ever, are events necessary? Under what conditions are they possible? 12 Metaphysics in Education: Concerned with explaining rationally, and comprehensively, the nature of reality. Concerned about the nature of being. Relevance to the education The school curriculum is based as what we know of/about reality. 2
3 Metaphysic in Summary Epistemology: 13 Metaphysics Causality (What if) Study of knowledge & how we know about reality and existence. - which deals with our concept of knowledge, how we learn and what we can know. Religion (God, Afterlife) Universal (Around Us) Epistemology Questions in Epistemology Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge and love. Epistemology considers that knowledge can be obtained through experience and/or reason. What can I know? How is knowledge acquired? Can we be certain of anything? How do I know about it? What is the nature of knowledge? What are the sources of knowledge? What is the extent (scope & limits) of knowledge? What are the differences between knowledge & opinion? What is the nature of truth? What are the differences between truth & falsity? Can the truth be known at all? Important categories rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism stresses reason as the most important element in knowing(knowledge is gained primarily through the mind). - we are born with innate ideas that precede any experiences we may have with our physical senses. Empiricism, on the other hand, asserts that all our knowledge comes from our five senses. To use the terminology of the empiricist, John Locke, our minds are a blank slate at birth. Thus knowledge comes from our experiences. 3
4 Axiology Concepts of Value, Ideal & Education 19 Axiology came from Greek words (axia= value or worth, logy= logos). Its a philosophy study of value and mainly studies about ethics and aesthetics. Ethics, in philosophy, is the studies of behavior in human and aesthetic is the branch of philosophy that deals with nature of art, beauty and taste. In education, it is define as critical refection of art and nature. 20 In the opinion of roman educator, the ideal guiding the educational process is a reflection of those values that society considers to be the highest at the moment. Therefore, the philosophy of value provides education with aims and ideals for action. In its turn, education is a fundamental element for developing and performing values and ideals. Therefore, we may conclude that the concepts of value, ideal and education, through their content and functions, are integrative.(can act as one/complete) 21 Axiology in Education It has been rightly stated that culture is a totality of values created throughout history and that education is the means of performing culture. This is why axiology requires an important educational dimension. Which are the components of this dimension? 22 Educational Dimensions First, axiology, by projecting a system of values, proposes educational aims under the form of axiological objectives and ideals. Second, axiology comprises both general human or universal and specific values for a determined community, thereby giving it its personality. Education preserves and transmits values that guarantee the cultural identity of the human community. 23 Education Dimensions Third, the performance of values requires knowledge and experience, which means the involvement in this process of education on its two interrelated planes: cognitive and emotional. Finally, as axiology is the horizon of the manifestation of human creativity, education has among its fundamental functions that of cultivating the creative power of the individual and the human community. 24 Educational Dimensions Otherwise expressed, though personality is the source of all values, it is not born, but is developed by education. That is why we estimate nowadays that education is one of the fundamental resources for future social development. 4
5 Educational Dimensions Logic 25 From this concise presentation of the elements making up the content of the educational dimension of axiology, there results a very important conclusion: without education, axiology would be deprived of living power, and, without the light of axiology, education would grope about in the dark. 26 Logic Logic: Philosophy Logic is concerned with the sorts of things which can be true or false, such as beliefs and declarative sentences. Usually, consistency is the basic foundation of logic. Consistency in Logic Logic in Action (One) Consistence here means: a set of information or condition or sentences or beliefs that can be considered as logic or consistent. The easy language is: that particular set or beliefs is acceptable in the perspective in our own human intellectuality. Is it possible for a human to run 10 KM in a minute? 5
6 Logic in Action (One) Logic in Action (Two) We will be thinking: Humans can run thus it is possible to run 10 KM. However, running 10KM in a minute does sounds illogic. Still, running 10KM in a minutes is still possible since or if there is a law of nature or some contributing factors is existed to support the possibilities. Maybe, the human have superpowers, in terms of biological (drugs) or psychological effect (hypnosis) Is it possible 2+2 is equal to 5? Logic in Action (Two) Another Logical Sets of Beliefs 33 We will be thinking: *totally not possible since in mathematics, there is a little room for unproven facts or theories. Moreover, in Math, as we know it is rigid and very structural and organized thus it is very logical in nature Therefore, it is very impossible to change the logically in Math for a short period of time. Thus, logically, 2+2 will always be Jacintha is a woman. All woman are weak. Jacintha is not weak. It s raining outside but it s not raining outside. Ozai is tall but Ozai is not tall. Another Logical Sets of Beliefs Inductive and Deductive 35 All cats have four legs. Turtle have four legs. So, turtle is a cat. Pudieyn is married and a bachelor. Pudieyn is married. Pudieyn is a bachelor. 36 Inductive: After experimenting with geotropism in plants under varied conditions, students concludes that plants need gravitational force to grow their roots. Deductive: All plants can grow. Sunflower is a plant. Can sunflower grow? 6
7 Inductive and Deductive Logic in Summary Inductive: After eating burgers in varied prices, students concludes that we need money to eat. Deductive: All acne is acidic. Colgate is alkaline. Can Colgate neutralize or treat acne? Logic in Education Summary of Branches of Philosophy Logic in Education: Deals with the process of reasoning and identifies rules will enable the thinker to. Relevance to Education: Consider the role of discovery (inductive) teaching is our classroom. 7
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