DRAMA Greek Drama: Tragedy TRAGEDY: CLASSICAL TRAGEDY harmatia paripateia: hubris

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "DRAMA Greek Drama: Tragedy TRAGEDY: CLASSICAL TRAGEDY harmatia paripateia: hubris"

Transcription

1 DRAMA Drama involves its audience ill a complete experience --elicits audience responses that run the gamut of human emotions. Greek Drama Antigone" by Sophocles- 5 th century B. C. Elizabethan Drama The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by Shakespeare- 16 th century ' Greek Drama: Tragedy Greek drama started as a worship of the god Dionysus, the god of wine and, in general, of the reproductive forces in life. Dionysus was thought to liberate believers from personal trouble, and to be himself a suffering god, undergoing death and resurrection. Tragedy was performed in Athens at the three annual festivals in honor of Dionysus, the patron of drama. New plays were written specifically for these festivals, competitions were held, and prizes awarded. A choral lyric in honor of Dionysus was sung and danced around the altar of Dionysus in a circular dancing place (orchestra). It was performed by a chorus of 50 men dressed in skins of goats (the sacred animal of the god) - thus the term tragoedia ("goat-song"). They represented satyrs, (half man, half goat) companions of Dionysus. TRAGEDY: There is a legend in Greek mythology of a magnificent bird which is born from fire and ashes. Ancient Greeks named the bird the phoenix. It is a strange conception: strength and life rising out of destruction. This conception was carried by the Greeks into an art form, the tragic drama, recognized as one of the most difficult yet enriching experiences of Western culture. The subject of a tragedy is the downfall of a hero, usually ending with her or his destruction or death. Readers or playgoers who submit themselves to tragedy share the emotions of the tragic characters. This emotional tension increases almost to the breaking point. Then, as the hero faces the final, horrible truth, the audience experiences a release, a release not granted to the hero of the play. This release is reminiscent of the phoenix, since from the ashes of devastating emotion there rises a feeling of calm, a sense of harmony in the universe. The Greeks called this emotional effect catharsis. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 B.C B.C.) formulated ideas about tragedy that have influenced writers for centuries. Aristotle based his ideas on the tragedies produced in his own day. CLASSICAL TRAGEDY: A drama in prose or verse which tells the story of the downfall (catastrophe) of a basically good and noble man who tempts fate because of some personal flaw (harmatia) in his character, bringing upon himself extraordinary amounts of sorrow and suffering in place of his noble life. (paripateia: a move from happiness to misery, a reversal). The most common flaw is hubris which is overwhelming pride, overwhelming self-confidence which causes the hero to ignore the gods' warnings or to violate moral laws.

2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAGIC HERO: constructed by Aristotle in.the 4th century B.C. 1. The protagonist (the hero) - is a person of "high estate, "apparently a king or queen or other member of a royal family, neither completely virtuous nor utterly villainous. He must be worthy of our interest, concern, or sympathy. An evil or depraved character cannot be a tragic hero. 2. The protagonist must fall from power and from happiness (note: his high estate gives him a place of dignity to fall from and perhaps makes his fall seem all the more a calamity in that it involves an entire nation or people) 3. The protagonist's downfall is the result of a flaw in his character (weakness), or an error in judgment. Many times the hero brings about his own downfall through the tragic flaw of hubris - excessive pride or arrogance. 4. The protagonist must experience a revelation. He must gain the knowledge that he is responsible for the tragic events (wisdom through suffering). The disaster that befalls the protagonist should be inevitable, either decreed by fate, or the clear outcome of actions engaged in or choices made by him. The protagonist must assert his force and dignity as a man and not take his destruction meekly without battle or protest. CONCEPTS OF GREEK TRAGEDY-RELIGION AND MORALITY 1. Worship of many gods with human attributes 2. Belief in Fate as a divine force superior to the gods every person s life was ruled by a predetermined fate, a natural force set in motion by the gods and one that could not be altered. 3. Importance of oracles to interpret the will of the gods. They predicted the future through omens and dreams. 4. Belief that every person s fate held in store a personal allotment of unavoidable misery. Misery in itself was not tragic, but was expected. 5. Belief in immortality of souls in Hades; but principal emphasis on man in this life. Burial of dead relatives an important religious duty. 6. Belief that gods were jealous of humans. Excesses of any kind were bad (hubris, power, wealth, intelligence, beauty, pride, etc.). 7. Belief that the gods interacted with man, giving messages to him and punishing him for his folly or as a part of his fate. CONVENTIONS OF CLASSICAL GREEK TRAGEDY 1. Ceremony of state religion - plays produced only at religious festivals. 2. Scene of drama is always an outdoor one interior scenes or events taking place away from the scene of the action cannot be shown. They are revealed to the audience through the exyclema, or reported by a messenger. 3. No violence portrayed before audience 4. Continuous presence of the chorus 5. Unity of time, place, and action: a. Time takes place in a 24 hour period b. place - events limited to one setting c. action - each part of plot is dependent on the previous one; no sub-plots 6. No curtain; no intermissions

3 7. Outlines from plots were known in advance, because subjects were almost exclusively taken from well-known mythic stories. 8. Maximum of three actors, so many roles were played by one actor 9. Actors wore masks and costumes 10. No lighting effects, all scenes acted in broad daylight 11. Only men performed on stage - no women allowed FUNCTIONS OF THE CHORUS: primarily a group of 15 men dressed the same who follow the dramatic action closely, react to it emotionally and comment on it. They create a psychological background to the action. 1. Gives background, informing audience of preceding events. 2. Chants poetry and dance. 3. Interprets events 4. Reflect attitudes of citizens in audience 5. Relieves tension 6. Tells about violence 7. The leader of the chorus has a special importance, often acting as spokesman for the group 8. Often converses with and gives advice to the actors. MECHANICAL DEVICES USED 1. Dues ex machina (the machine) - a crane suspended from the top of the skene building to raise and lower flying figures and to introduce and remove gods. The deus ex machina was used to give a formal, miraculous conclusion to a tragedy. The god appeared to come from on high, in the form of a dummy suspended from the machine, to unravel all the unsolved problems of the play. 2. Exyclema- movable platform rolled out from behind the scenes to depict events which take place inside the building before which the action occurs. Sophocles 495 B.C B.C Sophocles was one of the three great tragedians who lived and wrote in fifth century B.C Athens. The others were Aeschylus and Euripides. The Athenians considered Sophocles to be their most successful playwright and his works continued to be valued highly throughout the Greek world long after his death. Aristotle's Poetics repeatedly cites Oedipus the King as the most perfect example of a tragedy. Famous Trilogy: Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex), Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone

4 Stage Greek tragedies and comedies were always performed in outdoor theaters. Early Greek theaters were probably little more than open areas in city centers or next to hillsides where the audience, standing or sitting, could watch and listen to the chorus singing about the exploits of a god or hero. From the late 6th century BC to the 4th and 3rd centuries BC there was a gradual evolution towards more elaborate theater structures, but the basic layout of the Greek theater remained the same. The major components of Greek theater are labeled on the diagram above. Orchestra: The orchestra (literally, "dancing space") was normally circular. It was a level space where the chorus would dance, sing, and interact with the actors who were on the stage near the skene. The earliest orchestras were simply made of hard earth, but in the Classical period some orchestras began to be paved with marble and other materials. In the center of the orchestra there was often a thymele, or altar. The orchestra of the theater of Dionysus in Athens was about 60 feet in diameter. Theatron: The theatron (literally, "viewing-place") is where the spectators sat. The theatron was usually part of hillside overlooking the orchestra, and often wrapped around a large portion of the orchestra (see the diagram above). Spectators in the fifth century BC probably sat on cushions or boards, but by the fourth century the theatron of many Greek theaters had marble seats. Skene: The skene (literally, "tent") was the building directly behind the stage. During the 5th century, the stage of the theater of Dionysus in Athens was probably raised only two or three steps above the level of the orchestra, and was perhaps 25 feet wide and 10 feet deep. The skene was directly in back of the stage, and was usually decorated as a palace, temple, or other building, depending on the needs of the play. It had at least one set of doors, and actors could make entrances and exits through them. There was also access to the roof of the skene from behind, so that actors playing gods and other characters (such as the Watchman at the beginning of Aeschylus' Agamemnon) could appear on the roof, if needed. Parodos: The parodoi (literally, "passageways") are the paths by which the chorus and some actors (such as those representing messengers or people returning from abroad) made their entrances and exits. The audience also used them to enter and exit the theater before and after the performance.

5 Questions Directions: Answer all questions in complete sentences on your own paper. 1. Describe the origins of Greek theater. 2. What is catharsis? 3. What is the most common tragic flaw? Define it. 4. List the four characteristics of a tragic hero. 5. What is Fate? 6. Who predicted the future through omens and dreams? 7. Tell the Greeks view of misery. 8. What was the view of life after death? 9. What are excesses and how did the Greeks view them? 10. When were plays produced? 11. How are interior scenes portrayed? 12. Was there any violence shown to the audience? 13. Did they have curtains on the stage? 14. What were the plots from most plays taken from? 15. How many actors did they have in each play? 16. What did the actors wear? 17. Were women allowed to perform on stage? 18. List four functions of the chorus. 19. Tell about the two machines used. 20. Where did the chorus perform? " ",

Introduction to Greek Drama. Honors English 10 Mrs. Paine

Introduction to Greek Drama. Honors English 10 Mrs. Paine Introduction to Greek Drama Honors English 10 Mrs. Paine Origin of Drama Drama was developed by the ancient Greeks during celebrations honoring Dionysus. Dionysus is the god of the vine, which produces

More information

Introduction to Greek Drama. LITR 220 Ms. Davis

Introduction to Greek Drama. LITR 220 Ms. Davis Introduction to Greek Drama LITR 220 Ms. Davis Origin of Drama Drama was developed by the ancient Greeks during annual celebrations honoring Dionysus. Dionysus is the god of the vine, which produces grapes

More information

GREEK THEATER. Background Information for Antigone

GREEK THEATER. Background Information for Antigone GREEK THEATER Background Information for Antigone PURPOSE OF GREEK DRAMA Dramas presented by the state at annual religious festivals. Plays were supposed to be presented for the purpose of ethical and

More information

The modern word drama comes form the Greek word dran meaning "to do" Word Origin

The modern word drama comes form the Greek word dran meaning to do Word Origin Greek Theater The origins of drama The earliest origins of drama are ancient hymns, called dithyrambs. These were sung in honor of the god Dionysus. These hymns were later adapted for choral processions

More information

a release of emotional tension

a release of emotional tension Aeschylus writer of tragedies; wrote Oresteia; proposed the idea of having two actors and using props and costumes; known as the father of Greek tragedy anagnorisis antistrophe Aristotle Aristotle's 3

More information

Greek Drama & Stagecraft. Table of Contents History of Greek Drama Theaters & Actors Setting the Stage The Audience s Experience

Greek Drama & Stagecraft. Table of Contents History of Greek Drama Theaters & Actors Setting the Stage The Audience s Experience Greek Drama & Stagecraft Table of Contents History of Greek Drama Theaters & Actors Setting the Stage The Audience s Experience History of Greek Drama Worship of Dionysus The whole idea of performing songs

More information

Greek Drama & Theater

Greek Drama & Theater Greek Drama & Theater Origins of Drama Greek drama reflected the flaws and values of Greek society. In turn, members of society internalized both the positive and negative messages, and incorporated them

More information

TRAGEDY: Aristotle s Poetics

TRAGEDY: Aristotle s Poetics TRAGEDY: Aristotle s Poetics Aristotle s Poetics : The theory stated in this work followed the practices for Greek tragedy writing that had been used for years. Aristotle summarized what had been worked

More information

Monday, September 17 th

Monday, September 17 th Monday, September 17 th For tomorrow, please make sure you ve read Oedipus Rex: Prologue - Ode 2 (pp. 3-47). We ll begin class by discussing your questions, so please make notes in your text As you begin

More information

Greek Tragedy. Characteristics:

Greek Tragedy. Characteristics: Greek Drama Greek Tragedy Characteristics: The tragedy is communicated in the form of drama. The story features the downfall of a dignified character. The events of the story are of great significance.

More information

Were you aware of the amount of research a costume designer is required to do? Explain. Do you understand how to integrate costume with character

Were you aware of the amount of research a costume designer is required to do? Explain. Do you understand how to integrate costume with character Were you aware of the amount of research a costume designer is required to do? Explain. Do you understand how to integrate costume with character symbols and traits? Give an example. How do you feel about

More information

Origin. tragedies began at festivals to honor dionysus. tragedy: (goat song) stories from familiar myths and Homeric legends

Origin. tragedies began at festivals to honor dionysus. tragedy: (goat song) stories from familiar myths and Homeric legends Greek Drama Origin tragedies began at festivals to honor dionysus tragedy: (goat song) stories from familiar myths and Homeric legends no violence or irreverence depicted on stage no more than 3 actors

More information

Introduction to Antigone

Introduction to Antigone Step 1 HOMEWORK Take out your vocab. notecards! Step 2 Notes heading Write down title & date. Step 3 Start the Welcome Work Introduction to Antigone A Day: 12/1/15 B Day: 12/2/15 Essay: Answer the following

More information

The following slides are ALL of the notes/slides given throughout the entire Greek Theatre Unit.

The following slides are ALL of the notes/slides given throughout the entire Greek Theatre Unit. The following slides are ALL of the notes/slides given throughout the entire Greek Theatre Unit. I also included 3 previously unpublished bonus slides including pictures from the costume creation section.

More information

Poetics by Aristotle, 350 B.C. Contents... Chapter 2. The Objects of Imitation Chapter 7. The Plot must be a Whole

Poetics by Aristotle, 350 B.C. Contents... Chapter 2. The Objects of Imitation Chapter 7. The Plot must be a Whole Aristotle s Poetics Poetics by Aristotle, 350 B.C. Contents... The Objects of Imitation. Chapter 2. The Objects of Imitation Since the objects of imitation

More information

Greek Tragedy. An Overview

Greek Tragedy. An Overview Greek Tragedy An Overview Early History First tragedies were myths Danced and Sung by a chorus at festivals In honor of Dionysius Chorus were made up of men Later, myths developed a more serious form Tried

More information

Drama. An Introduction to Classical Tragedy

Drama. An Introduction to Classical Tragedy Drama An Introduction to Classical Tragedy Background Religious Ceremony/Celebration Dionysus god of wine and fertility Historical origins in the 6 th century BCE Drama as we know it comes from the 5 th

More information

Aim is catharsis of spectators, to arouse in them fear and pity and then purge them of these emotions

Aim is catharsis of spectators, to arouse in them fear and pity and then purge them of these emotions Aim is catharsis of spectators, to arouse in them fear and pity and then purge them of these emotions Prologue opening Parodos first ode or choral song chanted by chorus as they enter Ode dignified, lyrical

More information

Unit Ties. LEARNING LINKS P.O. Box 326 Cranbury, NJ A Study Guide Written By Mary Medland. Edited by Joyce Freidland and Rikki Kessler

Unit Ties. LEARNING LINKS P.O. Box 326 Cranbury, NJ A Study Guide Written By Mary Medland. Edited by Joyce Freidland and Rikki Kessler Unit Ties A Study Guide Written By Mary Medland Edited by Joyce Freidland and Rikki Kessler LEARNING LINKS P.O. Box 326 Cranbury, NJ 08512 Table of Contents Page Plays Definition....................................................

More information

WHAT DEFINES A HERO? The study of archetypal heroes in literature.

WHAT DEFINES A HERO? The study of archetypal heroes in literature. WHAT DEFINES A? The study of archetypal heroes in literature. EPICS AND EPIC ES EPIC POEMS The epics we read today are written versions of old oral poems about a tribal or national hero. Typically these

More information

Antigone by Sophocles

Antigone by Sophocles Antigone by Sophocles Background Information: Drama Read the following information carefully. You will be expected to answer questions about it when you finish reading. A Brief History of Drama Plays have

More information

The earliest Greek theaters recall tragedy's origins in choral songs sung to local heroes and divinities.

The earliest Greek theaters recall tragedy's origins in choral songs sung to local heroes and divinities. Part 1. Information obtained from the University of Pennsylvania Classics Department. The Greek Theater Evolution and Influence Without a doubt, the Greek theater remains one of the most recognized and

More information

Each multiple choice or true/false question is worth two points. One question asks for more than one answer, so each answer is a point each.

Each multiple choice or true/false question is worth two points. One question asks for more than one answer, so each answer is a point each. Theatre History Midterm Greek Theatre (worth 120 points) Dear Student This test is divided into sections; Medea Questions, Lysistrata Questions, General Questions about Greek theatre, two sets of matching

More information

EGYPT EARLIEST RECORD OF PERFORMANCES 4,000 YEARS AGO WERE THREE DAY PAGEANTS RELIGIOUS IN CHARACTER RITUALISTIC LARGELY DEVOID OF DRAMA

EGYPT EARLIEST RECORD OF PERFORMANCES 4,000 YEARS AGO WERE THREE DAY PAGEANTS RELIGIOUS IN CHARACTER RITUALISTIC LARGELY DEVOID OF DRAMA ANCIENT THEATRE EGYPT EARLIEST RECORD OF PERFORMANCES 4,000 YEARS AGO WERE THREE DAY PAGEANTS RELIGIOUS IN CHARACTER RITUALISTIC LARGELY DEVOID OF DRAMA 600 B.C. GREECE Part of worship of Dionysus, god

More information

THE GOLDEN AGE POETRY

THE GOLDEN AGE POETRY THE GOLDEN AGE 5th and 4th Century Greek Culture POETRY Epic poetry, e.g. Homer, Hesiod (Very) long narratives Mythological, heroic or supernatural themes More objective Lyric poetry, e.g. Pindar and Sappho

More information

Get ready to take notes!

Get ready to take notes! Get ready to take notes! Organization of Society Rights and Responsibilities of Individuals Material Well-Being Spiritual and Psychological Well-Being Ancient - Little social mobility. Social status, marital

More information

Antigone: Origins of Greek Tragedy

Antigone: Origins of Greek Tragedy : 1 HOW TO BEST USE THIS RESOURCE We appreciate your purchase of this TOP Writing Academy product. Use the guidelines below to maximize the effectiveness of this resource in the classroom. INCLUDED WITH

More information

Classical Greek Theater

Classical Greek Theater Creative Writing Drama: Historical Theater Styles: Greek Name: Classical Greek Theater HISTORY: Theater in the Western world can be traced back to ancient Greece, and especially to Athens. Classical Greek

More information

ELEMENT OF TRAGEDY Introduction to Oedipus Rex DEFINE:TRAGEDY WHAT DOES TRAGEDY OFFER THE AUDIENCE??? Your thoughts?

ELEMENT OF TRAGEDY Introduction to Oedipus Rex DEFINE:TRAGEDY WHAT DOES TRAGEDY OFFER THE AUDIENCE??? Your thoughts? ELEMENT OF TRAGEDY Introduction to Oedipus Rex 1 DEFINE:TRAGEDY calamity: an event resulting in great loss and misfortune; "the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity"; "the earthquake was

More information

Write down some questions you have.

Write down some questions you have. Write down some questions you have. Get ready to take notes! Organization of Society Rights and Responsibilities of Individuals Material Well-Being Spiritual and Psychological Well-Being Ancient - Little

More information

Jeff Larson and Paul J. Larson

Jeff Larson and Paul J. Larson Jeff Larson and Paul J. Larson Table of Contents In the Beginning...4 Setting the Stage... 6 Moving Indoors....14 Shocking News... 20 Here Comes the Cinema...26 Larger Than Life.... 30 Designers Transform

More information

What is drama? Drama comes from a Greek word meaning action In classical theatre, there are two types of drama:

What is drama? Drama comes from a Greek word meaning action In classical theatre, there are two types of drama: TRAGEDY AND DRAMA What is drama? Drama comes from a Greek word meaning action In classical theatre, there are two types of drama: Comedy: Where the main characters usually get action Tragedy: Where violent

More information

Name. Hour. Sophocles. English 12. Mr. Vang. Goddard High School

Name. Hour. Sophocles. English 12. Mr. Vang. Goddard High School Name Hour Sophocles English 12 Mr. Vang Goddard High School NOTES: GREEK TRAGEDY English 12 Mr. Vang ghs Fill in the blanks below with information given in class. These terms will appear on a test. The

More information

Unity of Time: 9. In a few sentences, identify and describe Creon: Unity of Action: 10. In a few sentences, identify and describe Jocasta:

Unity of Time: 9. In a few sentences, identify and describe Creon: Unity of Action: 10. In a few sentences, identify and describe Jocasta: Name Date Period Honors 10 th Grade World Literature and Composition Unit 2 Exam Study Guide INSTRUCTIONS: In order to help you prepare for your second unit exam on Greek and Shakespearean tragedies complete

More information

Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare

Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare Big Ideas: Ambition, Loyalty, Leadership, and Integrity Essential Questions: How did the era in which Shakespeare lived influence and reflect his writing? When is ambition

More information

Classical Tragedy - Greek And Roman: Eight Plays In Authoritative Modern Translations By Aeschylus;Euripides;Seneca READ ONLINE

Classical Tragedy - Greek And Roman: Eight Plays In Authoritative Modern Translations By Aeschylus;Euripides;Seneca READ ONLINE Classical Tragedy - Greek And Roman: Eight Plays In Authoritative Modern Translations By Aeschylus;Euripides;Seneca READ ONLINE Classical Tragedy by Robert W Corrigan: A collection of eight plays along

More information

Aristotle's Poetics. What is poetry? Aristotle's core answer: imitation, an artificial representation of real life

Aristotle's Poetics. What is poetry? Aristotle's core answer: imitation, an artificial representation of real life Aristotle's Poetics about 350 B.C.E. Sophocles' Oedipus Rex, Euripides' Medea already 80 years old; Aristophanes' work 50-70 years old deals with drama, not theater good to read not only for analysts,

More information

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture. The Birth of Drama

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture. The Birth of Drama Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture The Birth of Drama The Birth of Drama The three great Classical tragedians: Aeschylus 525-456 BC Oresteia (includes Agamemnon), Prometheus Bound

More information

Drama Second Year Lecturer: Marwa Sami Hussein. and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to

Drama Second Year Lecturer: Marwa Sami Hussein. and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to University of Tikrit College of Education for Humanities English Department Drama Second Year- 2017-2018 Lecturer: Marwa Sami Hussein Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited

More information

The History and the Culture of His Time

The History and the Culture of His Time The History and the Culture of His Time 1564 London :, England, fewer than now live in. Oklahoma City Elizabeth I 1558 1603 on throne from to. Problems of the times: violent clashes between Protestants

More information

RCM Examinations. 1. Choose the answer which best completes EACH of the following statements by placing the appropriate letter in the space provided.

RCM Examinations. 1. Choose the answer which best completes EACH of the following statements by placing the appropriate letter in the space provided. TM RCM Examinations Speech Arts History and Literature Theory Level 2 Unless otherwise indicated, answer all questions directly on the examination paper in the spaces provided. Confirmation Number Maximum

More information

What Is Drama? Drama is literature written for performance to be acted out for a live audience.

What Is Drama? Drama is literature written for performance to be acted out for a live audience. Drama What Is Drama? Drama is literature written for performance to be acted out for a live audience. Dramatic Structure Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem

More information

The Greeks. Classic Comedy and Tragedy images

The Greeks. Classic Comedy and Tragedy images Tragedy The word genre Genre - from the French meaning category or type Not all plays fall into a single genre, but it helps us to understand the genres as a general basis for approaching art, music, theatre

More information

Antigone Prologue Study Guide. 3. Why does Antigone feel it is her duty to bury Polyneices? Why doesn t Ismene?

Antigone Prologue Study Guide. 3. Why does Antigone feel it is her duty to bury Polyneices? Why doesn t Ismene? Prologue 1. Where does the action of the play take place? 2. What has happened in Thebes the day before the play opens? 3. Why does Antigone feel it is her duty to bury Polyneices? Why doesn t Ismene?

More information

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me. Introduction to Shakespeare and Julius Caesar

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me. Introduction to Shakespeare and Julius Caesar Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears Introduction to Shakespeare and Julius Caesar Who was he? William Shakespeare (baptized April 26, 1564 died April 23, 1616) was an English poet and playwright

More information

Mrs. Shirey - Shakespeare Notes January 2019 The Renaissance Theatre & William Shakespeare

Mrs. Shirey - Shakespeare Notes January 2019 The Renaissance Theatre & William Shakespeare The Renaissance Theatre & William Shakespeare Eng IV MacBeth & Hamlet Mrs. Shirey William Shakespeare Biographical Information: Baptism April 26, 1564 -- no known birth-date Born in Stratford-upon-Avon

More information

THEATRE, COMMUNICATION & DEVELOPMENT. Susweta Bose

THEATRE, COMMUNICATION & DEVELOPMENT. Susweta Bose Students Research-5 Global Media Journal-Indian Edition/ISSN 2249-5835 Sponsored by the University of Calcutta/www.caluniv.ac.in Winter Issue/December 2013/Vol.4/No.2 THEATRE, COMMUNICATION & DEVELOPMENT

More information

Activity Pack. Antigone b y S o p h o c l e s

Activity Pack. Antigone b y S o p h o c l e s Pack Prestwick House b y S o p h o c l e s Copyright 2004 by Prestwick House, Inc., P.O. Box 658, Clayton, DE 19938. 1-800-932-4593. www.prestwickhouse.com Permission to use this unit for classroom use

More information

3. The proper safety equipment for doing metal to metal work like screwing in screws is: Safety Goggles

3. The proper safety equipment for doing metal to metal work like screwing in screws is: Safety Goggles 1. What is the procedure for starting my job in the PAC? 1. Check that I do not have any personal safety concerns (danglies, closed toed shoes, etc.). 2. Get the proper safety equipment for the job. 3.

More information

ELA 9 Elements of Drama - Study Guide

ELA 9 Elements of Drama - Study Guide Elements of Drama - Study Guide 1. Plot - the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed. A. Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills. 1. Person against person. 2. Person

More information

PETERS TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT CORE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ADVANCED PLACEMENT LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION GRADE 12

PETERS TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT CORE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ADVANCED PLACEMENT LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION GRADE 12 PETERS TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT CORE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ADVANCED PLACEMENT LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION GRADE 12 For each section that follows, students may be required to analyze, recall, explain, interpret,

More information

Transition materials for AS Classical Civilisation

Transition materials for AS Classical Civilisation Transition materials for AS Classical Civilisation Introduction Welcome to the A Level Classics booklet preparing you to start you re a Level Classics course. This pamphlet contains advice and activities

More information

Introduction to Drama & the World of Shakespeare

Introduction to Drama & the World of Shakespeare Introduction to Drama & the World of Shakespeare What Is Drama? A play is a story acted out, live and onstage. Structure of a Drama Like the plot of a story, the plot of a drama follows a rising and falling

More information

Classical Studies Courses-1

Classical Studies Courses-1 Classical Studies Courses-1 CLS 201/History of Ancient Philosophy (same as PHL 201) Course tracing the development of philosophy in the West from its beginnings in 6 th century B.C. Greece through the

More information

Theatre History Unit Grade 7. 4 Class Days, 2 Exam Days

Theatre History Unit Grade 7. 4 Class Days, 2 Exam Days Theatre History Unit Grade 7 4 Class Days, 2 Exam Days Caveman/Sanskrit earliest written work African Anansi tales/native Indian Greek/Roman Medieval/Elizabethan Modern Theatre/Drama (radio from plays

More information

Introduction to Shakespeare Lesson Plan

Introduction to Shakespeare Lesson Plan Lesson Plan Video: 18 minutes Lesson: 32 minutes Pre-viewing :00 Warm-up: Ask students what their experiences with Shakespeare s plays have been. Do they find it hard to understand his plays? 2 minutes

More information

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. Studying literature is interesting and gives some pleasure. in mind, but fewer readers are able to appreciate it.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. Studying literature is interesting and gives some pleasure. in mind, but fewer readers are able to appreciate it. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Studying literature is interesting and gives some pleasure in mind, but fewer readers are able to appreciate it. They have no impression to the works

More information

A Brief History of Theatre Architecture and Stage Technology. ROP Stagehand Technician 2/4/10

A Brief History of Theatre Architecture and Stage Technology. ROP Stagehand Technician 2/4/10 A Brief History of Theatre Architecture and Stage Technology ROP Stagehand Technician 2/4/10 Lesson Objective To learn a concise chronology of the history of theatre architecture in order to understand

More information

What is drama? The word drama comes from the Greek word for action. Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience.

What is drama? The word drama comes from the Greek word for action. Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience. Shakespeare What is drama? The word drama comes from the Greek word for action. Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience. DRAMA Consists of two types of writing The dialogue

More information

Answer the questions after each scene to ensure comprehension.

Answer the questions after each scene to ensure comprehension. Act 1 Answer the questions after each scene to ensure comprehension. 1) When the act first opens, explain why Bernardo is on edge? 2) What are the rumors concerning young Fortinbras? 3) What do the guards

More information

A-LEVEL CLASSICAL CIVILISATION

A-LEVEL CLASSICAL CIVILISATION A-LEVEL CLASSICAL CIVILISATION CIV3C Greek Tragedy Report on the Examination 2020 June 2016 Version: 1.0 Further copies of this Report are available from aqa.org.uk Copyright 2016 AQA and its licensors.

More information

Introduction to Drama

Introduction to Drama Part I All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts... William Shakespeare What attracts me to

More information

DRAMA LESSONS BASED ON CLIL Created by Lykogiannaki Styliani

DRAMA LESSONS BASED ON CLIL Created by Lykogiannaki Styliani DRAMA LESSONS BASED ON CLIL Created by Lykogiannaki Styliani Content Subjects involved: 1. Introductory lesson to Ancient Greek. 2. Literature with focus on Drama. 3. Art painting. English Level: at least

More information

TRAITS OF SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDY

TRAITS OF SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDY TRAITS OF SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDY Ph. D. Student, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, (GJ), INDIA. Shakespeare s tragic plays are the beautiful combination of Aristotelian tradition and plays of Seneca. There

More information

Romeo and Juliet Week 1 William Shakespeare

Romeo and Juliet Week 1 William Shakespeare Name: Romeo and Juliet Week 1 William Shakespeare Day One- Five- Introduction to William Shakespeare Activity 2: Shakespeare in the Classroom (Day 4/5) Watch the video from the actors in Shakespeare in

More information

Plato and Aristotle on Tragedy Background Time chart: Aeschylus: 525-455 Sophocles: 496-406 Euripides: 486-406 Plato: 428-348 (student of Socrates, founded the Academy) Aristotle: 384-322 (student of Plato,

More information

History of World Theater - Unit 3 - Outline

History of World Theater - Unit 3 - Outline History of World Theater - Unit 3 - Outline Greek, Roman and Medieval Theatre Experiences* Outline I. During the first two thousand years of its existence, Western theatre was markedly different from the

More information

THEA 1030 Pre test S16

THEA 1030 Pre test S16 THEA 1030 Pre test S16 Page One Please enter your first and last name. First Name: Last Name: 1. Which theatrical craft fits the following description? Technicians execute in proper sequence, and with

More information

Theater is what we watch on stage. Drama is the script we read, that which the actors perform, the text that the playwright creates.

Theater is what we watch on stage. Drama is the script we read, that which the actors perform, the text that the playwright creates. 4. Drama - about Theater is what we watch on stage. Drama is the script we read, that which the actors perform, the text that the playwright creates. Drama is literature that actors perform, but it has

More information

Drama & Theatre Studies: Wyke Start Summer work

Drama & Theatre Studies: Wyke Start Summer work Drama & Theatre Studies: Wyke Start Summer work Respond to the following statement (between 100-150 words) What is the Purpose of Theatre? Please submit the work during enrolment + Drama & Theatre Studies:

More information

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION SAMPLE QUESTIONS

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION SAMPLE QUESTIONS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION SAMPLE QUESTIONS ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1. Compare and contrast the Present-Day English inflectional system to that of Old English. Make sure your discussion covers the lexical categories

More information

Oedipus Rex By Sophocles

Oedipus Rex By Sophocles Oedipus Rex By Sophocles Literature & Composition I Ms. Eaton 2015 2016 How does art reflect and impact a culture s values? What are individuals responsibilities to their societies? How does an author

More information

What is drama? The word drama comes from the Greek word for action. Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience.

What is drama? The word drama comes from the Greek word for action. Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience. What is drama? The word drama comes from the Greek word for action. Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience. DRAMA Consists of two types of writing Can be presented in two

More information

Quick Theatre History. Creative Writing 12 April 19, 2016

Quick Theatre History. Creative Writing 12 April 19, 2016 Quick Theatre History Creative Writing 12 April 19, 2016 The Greeks! Theatre was a significant aspect of Greek (Athenian specifically) cultural identity. There were four theatre festivals a year in the

More information

CLSX 148, Spring 15 Research worksheet #2 (100 points) DUE: Monday 10/19 by midnight online

CLSX 148, Spring 15 Research worksheet #2 (100 points) DUE: Monday 10/19 by midnight online Assessment of this WS: Excellent This student demonstrated a clear understanding of the article s content (question3), organization (4), and use of evidence (2, 5, and 6). She was able to articulate the

More information

D.K.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS),VELLORE-1.

D.K.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS),VELLORE-1. D.K.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS),VELLORE-1. SHAKESPEARE II M.A. ENGLISH QUESTION BANK UNIT -1: HAMLET SECTION-A 6 MARKS 1) Is Hamlet primarily a tragedy of revenge? 2) Discuss Hamlet s relationship

More information

An Introduction to. Romeo and Juliet. Including fascinating information about. Elizabethan Theater. and. William Shakespeare

An Introduction to. Romeo and Juliet. Including fascinating information about. Elizabethan Theater. and. William Shakespeare An Introduction to Romeo and Juliet Including fascinating information about Elizabethan Theater and William Shakespeare What comes to mind when someone mentions seeing a play or going to the theater? Getting

More information

Intro to R&J 4/1/15. Welcome Work: LO: Do I understand the historical context of Shakespeare?

Intro to R&J 4/1/15. Welcome Work: LO: Do I understand the historical context of Shakespeare? Intro to R&J 4/1/15 LO: Do I understand the historical context of Shakespeare? Welcome Work: Label your piece of paper with the title, date, and LO. Complete a brainstorm of all the words you think of

More information

Department of Humanities and Social Science TOPICS IN LITERATURE AND SOCIETY SPRING 2016 ITB 213E WEEK ONE NOTES

Department of Humanities and Social Science TOPICS IN LITERATURE AND SOCIETY SPRING 2016 ITB 213E WEEK ONE NOTES Barry Stocker Barry.Stocker@itu.edu.tr https://barrystockerac.wordpress.com Department of Humanities and Social Science Faculty of Science and Letters TOPICS IN LITERATURE AND SOCIETY SPRING 2016 ITB 213E

More information

Glossary of Dramatic Terms

Glossary of Dramatic Terms Note: The Glossary is in alphabetical order. The terms have been collected and adapted from various sources, listed at the end of this document. Act: A major division in a play. An act can be sub-divided

More information

A THEORYOFTRAGEDY DISSERTATION. Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfullment of the Requirements

A THEORYOFTRAGEDY DISSERTATION. Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfullment of the Requirements HBl.i AO. /ISX A THEORYOFTRAGEDY DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfullment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By

More information

اإلتحاد الطالبي نسأل هللا الدعاء والتوفيق لصاحبته أم محمد اليافعي )زكاة العلم(

اإلتحاد الطالبي نسأل هللا الدعاء والتوفيق لصاحبته أم محمد اليافعي )زكاة العلم( 1 AA100b Final ملخص الفاينل اإلتحاد الطالبي "ما شاء هللا ال قوة إال باهلل" نسأل هللا الدعاء والتوفيق لصاحبته أم محمد اليافعي )زكاة العلم( لجابتر 6-1-2-3 Chapter 6 Part A You have to concentrate on: 1-

More information

Mr. Pettine / Ms. Owens English 9 7 April 2015

Mr. Pettine / Ms. Owens English 9 7 April 2015 Mr. Pettine / Ms. Owens English 9 7 April 2015 Shakespeare Shakespeare was born the third of eight children in 1564 in Stratford, England. His father was a shopkeeper. William attended grammar school where

More information

William Shakespeare. Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature

William Shakespeare. Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature William Shakespeare Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature Shakespeare 1563-1616 Stratford-on-Avon, England wrote 37 plays about 154 sonnets started out as an actor Stage Celebrity

More information

Elizabethan Drama. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare

Elizabethan Drama. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare Elizabethan Drama The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare Elizabethan Theater Retains much of Greek Drama No female actresses--female parts played by young boys Much dialogue poetry:

More information

Alcestis. Carroll Collected. John Carroll University. Euripides Follow this and additional works at:

Alcestis. Carroll Collected. John Carroll University. Euripides Follow this and additional works at: John Carroll University Carroll Collected Theatre Productions Communication & Theatre Arts 3-21-1980 Alcestis Euripides Follow this and additional works at: http://collected.jcu.edu/plays Recommended Citation

More information

Greek tragedies definition of Greek tragedies by The Middle English tragedie, from Old French, from Latin tragoedia, from Greek trag idi tragos, goat

Greek tragedies definition of Greek tragedies by The Middle English tragedie, from Old French, from Latin tragoedia, from Greek trag idi tragos, goat Greek tragedies definition of Greek tragedies by The Middle English tragedie, from Old French, from Latin tragoedia, from Greek trag idi tragos, goat see tragic aoid, id, song see wed in the Appendix of

More information

Essential Question(s):

Essential Question(s): Course Title: Advanced Placement Unit 2, October Unit 1, September How do characters within the play develop and evolve? How does the author use elements of a play to create effect within the play? How

More information

Historical Background of Greek Theatre

Historical Background of Greek Theatre Historical Background of Greek Theatre Greek theatre evolved from ritual and dance with a strong choral focus, to greater emphasis upon dramatic action. The choric dithyrambs (choral songs) were originally

More information

HUM2X "THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO": RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES

HUM2X THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO: RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES HUM2X "THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO": RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES Participants seeking to maximize opportunities for discussion with readers working at the same pace should follow the schedule below, which

More information

euripides 2C702A5B0CCFEF4E43B76626EBB89912 Euripides 1 / 5

euripides 2C702A5B0CCFEF4E43B76626EBB89912 Euripides 1 / 5 Euripides 1 / 5 2 / 5 3 / 5 Euripides Euripides (/ j ʊəˈr ɪ p ɪ d iː z /; Greek: Εὐριπίδης Eurīpídēs, pronounced [eu.riː.pí.dɛːs]; c. 480 c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens.Along with Aeschylus

More information

CURRICULUM CATALOG. English Language Arts 9 (4009) WV

CURRICULUM CATALOG. English Language Arts 9 (4009) WV 2018-19 CURRICULUM CATALOG Table of Contents COURSE OVERVIEW... 1 UNIT 1: SHORT STORY... 2 UNIT 2: POETRY... 2 UNIT 3: EPIC POETRY... 2 UNIT 4: SEMESTER EXAM... 3 UNIT 5: NOVEL... 3 UNIT 6: LITERARY NONFICTION...

More information

Chapter 2 TEST The Rise of Greece

Chapter 2 TEST The Rise of Greece Chapter 2 TEST The Rise of Greece I. Multiple Choice (1 point each) 1. What Greek epic poem recounts the story of Achilles and the Trojan War? a) The Odyssey b) The Iliad c) The Aeneid d) The Epic of Gilgamesh

More information

RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES FOR HUM2X "THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO"

RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES FOR HUM2X THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES FOR HUM2X "THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO" Participants seeking to maximize opportunities for discussion with readers working at the same pace should follow the schedule below, which

More information

French Classical Drama: Corneille, Moliere, Racine. Alan Haffa

French Classical Drama: Corneille, Moliere, Racine. Alan Haffa French Classical Drama: Corneille, Moliere, Racine Alan Haffa French Classical Drama Aristotelian Thee Unities: Time, Place, Action (plot) Vraisemblance: Believability or Probability Genre Purity: Tragedy,

More information

William Shakespeare. The Seven Ages of Bill Shakespeare s life

William Shakespeare. The Seven Ages of Bill Shakespeare s life William Shakespeare The Seven Ages of Bill Shakespeare s life Biography Biography Born April 23, 1564 in Statford-upon-Avon, England Biography Born April 23, 1564 in Statford-upon-Avon, England Died April

More information

HUM2X "THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO": RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES

HUM2X THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO: RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES HUM2X "THE ANCIENT GREEK HERO": RELEASE DATES AND ACTIVITIES Participants seeking to maximize opportunities for discussion with readers working at the same pace should follow the schedule below, which

More information

CHAPTER - IX CONCLUSION. Shakespeare's plays cannot be categorically classified. into tragedies and comediesin- strictly formal terms.

CHAPTER - IX CONCLUSION. Shakespeare's plays cannot be categorically classified. into tragedies and comediesin- strictly formal terms. CHAPTER - IX CONCLUSION Shakespeare's plays cannot be categorically classified into tragedies and comediesin- strictly formal terms. The comedies are not totally devoid of tragic elements while the tragedies

More information

The Critic and the Audience Stage Spaces

The Critic and the Audience Stage Spaces The Critic and the Audience Stage Spaces A critic someone who observes theatre and then analyzes and comments on it. Serves as a knowledgeable and highly sensitive audience member Criticize to find fault

More information

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture. The Birth of Drama

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture. The Birth of Drama Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture The Birth of Drama The Birth of Drama The three great Classical tragedians: Aeschylus 525-456 BC Sophocles 496-406 BC Euripides 486-406 BC pathei

More information