Introduction to Poetry
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1 The title of your paper should be centered on the top line. It should not be written any larger than it would be if it were on the lined portion of your paper. Introduction to Poetry The subtitle (if there is one) should be centered on the next line.
2 ALWAYS skip a line under the title! Literary Terms Introduction to Poetry 1. prose all forms of writing that are not in verse form. Think: paragraphs! If you re reading this because you think you might be a [half-blood], my advice is: close this book right now. Believe whatever lie your mom or dad told you about your birth, and try to lead a normal life. Being a half-blood is dangerous. It s scary. Most of the time, it gets you killed in painful, nasty ways. from The Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan
3 2. poetry type of literature in which words are carefully chosen and arranged to create certain effects. Poets use a variety of sound devices, imagery, and figurative language to express emotions and ideas. Of Jonathan Chapman Two things were known That he loved apples, That he walked alone. At seventy-odd He was gnarled as could be, But ruddy and sound As a good apple tree. from Johnny Appleseed by Rosemary Carr Benet
4 3. narrative poetry poetry that tells a story. Like fiction, a narrative poem contains characters, setting, and plot. Funny thing about babies. Ma died having one, the Lindberghs said good night to one and lost it, and somebody last Saturday decided to give one away. from Baby, an excerpt from Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse
5 4. lyric poetry a short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings. in the inner city or like we call it home we think a lot about uptown and the silent nights and the houses straight as dead men and the pastel lights and we hang on to our no place happy to be alive and in the inner city or like we call it home In the Inner City by Lucille Clifton
6 5. line the core unit of a poem. Line breaks may be used to create a meaningful pause or emphasis. Funny thing about babies. Ma died having one, the Lindberghs said good night to one and lost it, and somebody last Saturday decided to give one away. from Baby, an excerpt from Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse
7 6. stanza a group of two or more lines that form a unit in a poem. Stanzas in a poem may all have the same number of lines, or they may vary. Of Jonathan Chapman Two things were known That he loved apples, That he walked alone. At seventy-odd He was gnarled as could be, But ruddy and sound As a good apple tree. from Johnny Appleseed by Rosemary Carr Benet
8 7. voice a writer s unique use of language that allows a reader to hear human personality in a writer s work. I m nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too? Then there s a pair of us don t tell! They d banish us, you know. How dreary to be somebody! How public, like a frog To tell your name the livelong day To an admiring bog. I m Nobody by Emily Dickinson
9 8. speaker the voice that speaks to the reader, similar to the narrator in fiction Langston Hughes, a male poet, wrote Mother to Son from a female speaker s point of view. Well, son, I ll tell you: Life for me ain t been no crystal stair. It s had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor Bare.
10 9. sound devices uses of words for their connection to how they sound. Some common sound devices are alliteration, assonance, consonance, meter, rhyme, etc. Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore. While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door Only this and nothing more. from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
11 10. alliteration repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore. While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
12 11. assonance repetition of vowel sounds within nonrhyming words For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore also from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
13 12. rhythm pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. Poets use rhythm to bring out the musical quality of language, to emphasize ideas, and to create ideas. Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary Poe also from The Raven by Edgar Allan
14 13. rhyme similar or identical sounds at the end of two or more words. Rhyme that occurs within a single line is internal rhyme. Examples: Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. Dreams by Langston Hughes Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary also from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
15 14. repetition technique in which a sound, word, phrase, or line is repeated for emphasis or unity. As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door Only this and nothing more. also from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
16 15. metaphor a comparison of two things that are basically unlike but have some qualities in common. Unlike simile, a metaphor does not contain the word like or as Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. from Dreams by Langston Hughes
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