CIDOC CRM A High Level Overview of the Model. George Bruseker ICS-FORTH CIDOC 2017 Tblisi, Georgia 25/09/2017

Transcription

1 CIDOC CRM A High Level Overview of the Model George Bruseker ICS-FORTH CIDOC 2017 Tblisi, Georgia 25/09/2017

2 The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Developed by the CRM Special Interest Group of the International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC) of the International Council of Museums (ICOM), following an initiative of ICS-FORTH, Heraklion, Crete. a core ontology describing the underlying semantics of over a hundred database schemata and structures from all museum disciplines, archives and libraries. Recognized ISO Standard since 2006 (ISO21127:2006) the result of 20 years of interdisciplinary work and agreement

3 CIDOC CRM: Description Type Scope Top Level Ontology Cultural Heritage and E-Sciences Classes 90+- Relations Version 6 Maintained by Official Extensions Access CIDOC CRM SIG 8 3

4 CIDOC CRM as Interlingua for CH Data Integration We assume that we all speak about the same world We assume that data structures are means by which to make statements about this same world We propose an intermediary language that allows a re-expression of propositions in source data structures to an interlingua The interlingua is successful just when it allows a semantically consistent re-interpretation of data in such a way that it is usable and comparable in a KB

5 Learning CRM like learning a language but CRM is a simplified language that proposes classes (nouns) and relations (verbs) that are logically defined CRM is an artificial language; does not aspire to poetry, only allowing the representation of a pertinent set of facts Learning CRM is much easier than learning a natural language as its basic units are highly limited and follow a common logic Like learning a regular language we start with easier examples and move to harder expressions

6 The Lingua Franca Goal VARIOUS MODES OF REPRESENTATION WORLD The cat is on the mat ID Thing on Mat 1 CAT x y Cat(x) & Mat(y) & On(x,y) OBJECT CLASS (S) physical thing that occupies a unique space time place. ONTOLOGIC LINGUA FRANCA RELATION (V) on Indicates a spatial relation between some obj and plc whereby obj is in physical contact to and above the place PLACE CLASS (O) Geometrically declared mathematical extent

7 Formal Ontology Form: What s it made of? Scope: a definition of the intended field of discourse/reality that the formal ontology should cover. e.g. Car Manufacturing, Cultural Heritage, Fashion Classes: universals meant to represent some set of entities in the world of discourse, that have a distinct, identifiable behaviour and identity. Relations/Properties: the relations that exist between classes in the ontology. These formally define the possible relations between classes and their meaning.

8 The Label: arbitrary but identifying Subclass/Superclass: Place in IsA The Scope Note: gives the meaning, the intension. First thing to check! The Examples: helps to verify do others think/do it like you do The Properties: more verification of appropriateness. How does it relate to other concepts? Is this how my concept behaves? Anatomy of a Class

9 Anatomy of a Property The Label: arbitrary but identifying The Domain: The set of classes from which the property can originate The Range: the set of classes to which the property can join the domain class Superproperty/subproperty: Place in IsA Hierarchy The Scope Note: gives the meaning, the intension. First thing to check! The Examples: helps to verify do others think/do it like you do

10 Ontology Language, What to Learn OBJECT CLASS (S) physical thing that occupies a unique space time place. ONTOLOGIC LINGUA FRANCA RELATION (V) on Indicates a spatial relation between some obj and plc whereby obj is in physical contact to and above the place PLACE CLASS (O) Geometrically declared mathematical extent 1. What is an instance of a class? -> Read and understand the scope note, the definition. Hint: instance of class is fancy mathematical expression for what can this noun be used to talk about in this language 2. What relations/properties can I use to connect this class to other classes? -> read and understand the declared relations/properties of a class (their domain and range) Hint: this is a rather formal way of saying there is a syntax for proper sentences in this language. You can see the syntax by reading the standard declaration. Otherwise: How to I make useful, sensible statements about my subject in this language?

11 CRM s Lingua Franca Goal REPRESENTATIONAL STRATEGY General model of what has happened on human scale generates huge, meaningful networks of knowledge by a simple abstraction: history as meetings of people, things and information WORLD

12 CIDOC CRM: General Modelling Pattern IsA Relation Temporal Entities Actors Physical things Conceptual things Appellation Types Places

13 E62 String George prefers others not to use his mug P3 has note P1 is identified by P2 has type E41 Appellation E1 CRM Entity E55 Type George s Mug Mug The basic CRM sentences

14 Can ask: Where was it? E53 Place The top CRM class for locations E52 Time Span E54 Dimension E1 CRM Entity Can ask: Is it still on-going? E2 Temporal Entity The top CRM class for perdurants Can ask: Have you seen it before? E77 Persistent Item The top CRM class for endurants

15 Top Level Entities Illustrated E2 Temporal Entity E77 Persistent Item E53 Place The battle of the stick people Two People Swords Triangle Sun The extent of the battlefield of the stick people

16 Examples of Top Level Entities E2 Temporal Entity E77 Persistent Item E53 Place A handshake A battle A walk The Jurassic WW II A kiss hands guns trees dinosaurs bunkers lips The square A field length of the path Jurassic South America France Paris n.b.: in an actual system all instances must be particulars not generics

17 Exercise 1

18 Enabling representation of and reasoning over temporal phenomena TEMPORAL ENTITIES (PERDURANTS)

19 Top Level Temporal Classes Expressivity E3 Condition State P4 has time-span E2 Temporal Entity P9 consists of P7 took place at E4 Period E52 Time Span E53 Place P14 carried out by E39 Actor P11 had participant E5 Event P8 took place on or within E18 Physical Thing P12 occurred in the presence of E7 Activity E63 Beginning of Existence E64 End of Existence E77 Persistent Item P92 brought into existence

20 Coming to be of: Things People Groups Ideas Coming to exist E68 Dissolution E69 Death E64 End of Existence E6 Destruction E81 Transformation E67 Birth E4 Period E5 Event E63 Beginning of Existence E66 Formation E12 Production E65 Creation E83 Type Creation E2 Temporal Entity E3 Condition State E11 Modification E9 Move E80 Part Removal E79 Part Addition E10 Transfer of Custody E8 Acquisition E17 Type Assignment E7 Activity E87 Curation Activity E14 Condition Assessment IsA E13 Attribute Assignment E86 Leaving E15 Identifier Assignment E16 Measurement E85 Joining

21 Ending of: Things People Groups Ideas Ceasing to exist E68 Dissolution E69 Death E64 End of Existence E6 Destruction E81 Transformation E67 Birth E4 Period E5 Event E63 Beginning of Existence E66 Formation E65 Creation E12 Production E2 Temporal Entity E3 Condition State E11 Modification E9 Move E83 Type Creation E80 Part Removal E79 Part Addition E10 Transfer of Custody E8 Acquisition E17 Type Assignment E7 Activity E87 Curation Activity E14 Condition Assessment IsA E13 Attribute Assignment E86 Leaving E15 Identifier Assignment E16 Measurement E85 Joining

22 Causal Activities of Agents: On things On Ideas Assigning Properties With Groups Forms of Activity E68 Dissolution E69 Death E64 End of Existence E6 Destruction E81 Transformation E67 Birth E4 Period E5 Event E63 Beginning of Existence E66 Formation E65 Creation E12 Production E2 Temporal Entity E3 Condition State E11 Modification E9 Move E83 Type Creation E80 Part Removal E79 Part Addition E10 Transfer of Custody E8 Acquisition E17 Type Assignment E7 Activity E87 Curation Activity E14 Condition Assessment IsA E13 Attribute Assignment E86 Leaving E15 Identifier Assignment E16 Measurement E85 Joining

23 Exercise 2

24 Enabling Representation and Reasoning over Spatial Phenomena PLACES

25 High Level Distinctions/Connections amongst Places P121 overlaps with P157 is at rest relative to P122 borders with E18 Physical Thing E53 Place P89 falls within P89 consists of E53 Place This class comprises extents in space, in particular on the surface of the earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter. The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of immobile objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks.

26 Spatio-Temporal Relationships E52 Time-Span P4 has time span P173 starts before or at the end of E2 Temporal Entity P174 starts before the end of P83 had at least duration P84 had at most duration E52 Dimension P175 starts before or with the start of P176 starts before the start of P122 borders with P89 falls within P121 overlaps with P133 is separated from P132 overlaps with E4 Period P88 consists of P7 took place at E53 Place E5 Event

27 Reasoning using E53 Place P89 falls within (contains) P88 consists of (forms part of) E44 Place Appellation P87 is identified by (identifies) E53 Place 0,1 P26 moved to (was destination of) P27 moved from (was origin of) P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of ) P59 has section (is located on or within) 1,n 1,n P7 took place at (witnessed) E9 Move 1,n P25 moved (moved by) 1,n E4 Period E12 Production 1,n P108 has produced (was pro duced by) E46 Section Definition E47 Spatial Coordinates E48 Place Name E45 Address 1,1 P58 has section definition (defines section) 27 1,n E18 Physical Thing 1,1 E24 Physical Man-Made Thing E19 Physical Object P8 took place on or within (witnessed)

28 Exercise 4

29 Can ask: Who did it? E39 Actor The top CRM class for agency E77 Persistent Item Can ask: What did it mean? Can ask: What was it? E28 Conceptual Object The top CRM class for immaterial items E18 Physical Thing The top CRM class for physical items

30 Endurant Classes: Reasoning over Things E26 Physical Feature E27 Site E19Physical Object E25 Man-Made Feature E20 Biological Object E21 Person E72 Legal Object E18 Physical Thing E22 Man-Made Object E84 Information Carrier E70 Thing E24 Physical M-M Thing E78 Collection E58 Measurement Unit E57 Material E82 Actor Appellation E42 Identifier E49 Time Appellation E50 Date materia l immaterial E48 Place Name E55 Type E56 Language E41 Appellation E75 Conceptual Object Appellation 47 Spatial Coordinates E44 Place Appellation E46 Section Definition E71 Man-Made Thing E28 Conceptual Object E90 Symbolic Object E51 Contact Point E45 Address E31 Document E32 Authority Document E89 Propositional Object E73 Information Object E29 Design or Procedure E35 Title IsA E30 Right E33 Linguistic Object E37 Mark E34 Inscription E36 Visual Item E38 Image 30

31 Top Level Endurants Illustrated E18 Physical Thing E39 Actor E28 Conceptual Object In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked across the river and the plain to the mountains. In the bed of the river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house and down the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees.

32 Examples of Top Level Endurants E18 Physical Thing E28 Conceptual Object E39 Actor This Book Mona Lisa Painting This CD This Acetate Film This Parchment A Farewell to Arms The Image of Mona Lisa Beethoven s Fifth Citizen Kane American Constitution Hemingway Da Vinci Beethoven Orson Welles Founding Fathers

33 Exercise 5

34 High Level Relations between Conceptual Objects E65 Creation P94 has created E28 Conceptual Object P106 is composed of P148 has component E55 Type E89 Propositional Object E90 Symbolic Object P67 refers to E1 CRM Entity P129 is about E73 Information Object P128 carries E18 Physical Thing E41 Appellation

35 E3 Condition State E53 Place P55 has current location Multi IsA Enables Elaboration of E39 Actor P44 has condition E19Physical Object Following Classes P49 has former or current keeper E18 Physical Thing P56 bears feature E26 Physical Feature P46 composed of P45 consists of P62 depicts E24 Physical M-M Thing E57 Material E1 CRM Entity E36 Visual Item P65 shows visual item E20 Biological Object E22 Man-Made Object E25 Man-Made Feature

36 Exercise 6

37 High Level Distinctions/Connections P107 has current or former member amongst Actors E39 Actor P75 possesses P76 has contact point P152 has parent E30 Right P74 has current or former residence E51 Contact Point E53 Place E74 Group E21 Person E40 Legal Body

38 Exercise 7

39 Basic Time Statements E62 Time Primitive E2 Temporal Entity P4 has time span E52 Time-Span P81 ongoing throughout P83 had at least duration P84 had at most duration P82 at some time within E62 Time Primitive E52 Dimension before Duration (P83,P84) P81 ongoing throughout after intensity time P82 at some time within

40 Things Coming to be in Time Things may be different from their plans E7 Activity E11 Modification 1,n P33 used specific technique (was used by) P16 used specific object (was used for) P32 used general technique (was technique of) E12 Production 1,n P31 has modified (was mod ified by) P125 used object of type (was type of object used in) E18 Physical Thing P108 has produced (was produ ced by) 1,1 1,n E70 Thing E55 Type P45 co nsists of (is incor porated in) P69 is associated with E29 Design or Procedure E24 Physical Man-Made Thing P68 usually employs (is usually employed by) P126 employed (was employed in) E57 Material Materials may be lost or altered

41 Conceptual, Physical Relations and Reasoning E24 Physical Man-Made Thing P128 carries (is carried by) P62 depicts (is depicted by) P62.1 mode of depiction P67 refers to (is referred to by) E55 Type E1 CRM Entity P65 shows visual item (is shown by) E73 Information Object P138 represents (has representation) P138.1 mode of depiction E84 Information Carrier E36 Visual Item E38 Image E37 Mark E34 Inscription

42 Factual: Influence and Intention intention E5 Event particular influence P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) E1 CRM Entity E5 Event E7 Activity P15 was influenced by (influenced ) P17 was motivated by (motivated ) E39 Actor E70 Thing P134 continued (was continued by) E7 Activity E12 Production P108 has produced (was produced by) 1,n 1,1 P19B was made for (was intended use of) E7 Activity intention E24 Physical Man-Made Thing Ideas, Orders Objects Events Texts -People

43 Thank you Questions? George Bruseker ICS-FORTH