西北工业大学网络教育学院招生考试专科起点本科大学英语复习大纲 ( 第七版 )

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1 西北工业大学网络教育学院招生考试专科起点本科大学英语复习大纲 ( 第七版 ) 总体要求 考生应具备基础的英语知识和技能, 具有一定的听 说 读 写等综合运用英语语言的能力 要求考生掌握英语语音知识 ; 掌握英语的基础词汇及基本语法规则 ; 具有较强的阅读理解能力 ; 具有一定的口语交际能力 ; 具有初步的写作能力 一 语音 掌握下列语音规则 : 复习考试内容及要求 1. 熟悉英语音素的发音 2. 掌握英语字母及常用字母组合在单词中的读音 二 词汇掌握约 3000 个基础英语单词和一定数量的短语和习惯用语, 对单词能认 会读, 知道词义及其在语句中的作用 对在一般交际中使用频率高的单词和短语会拼写 能正确使用 知道一些常用词的近义词和反义词 能够根据上下文或利用基本的构词法知识判断语篇中生词的含义 三 语法掌握下列基本语法规则 : ( 一 ) 词法 1. 名词名词的分类 数和所有格 ; 名词在句中的作用 2. 冠词冠词 ( 定冠词 不定冠词 ) 的基本用法 ; 冠词的习惯用法及冠词的省略 3. 代词人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 疑问代词 关系代词 不定代词的用法 ; it 作引导词 非人称代词和在强调句型中的用法

2 4. 数词基数词 序数词和分数词的构成及其用法 5. 形容词与副词形容词与副词的基本用法及其比较级 6. 介词常用介词和介词短语的用法 7. 动词 (1) 动词的分类 : 及物动词与不及物动词 ; 连系动词 ; 助动词 ; 情态动词 (2) 动词的基本形式 : 规则动词和不规则动词的形式变化 (3) 动词主要时态的构成 用法及时态的呼应 ; 谓语动词与主语的一致关系 (4) 情态动词的基本用法 (5) 非谓语动词 : 动词不定式 ; 动名词 ; 现在分词和过去分词 (6) 被动语态的构成及其基本用法 (7) 虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法 8. 连词并列连词及其用法 ; 从属连词及其用法 ( 二 ) 句法 1. 句子的种类 : l) 陈述句 ( 肯定式与否定式 ) 2) 疑问句 (1) 一般疑问句 (2) 特殊疑问句 (3) 反意疑问句 (4) 选择疑问句 3) 祈使句 4) 感叹句 5) 并列句

3 6) 复合句 (l) 名词性从句 : 主语从句 ; 宾语从句 ; 表语从句 ; 同位语从句 (2) 定语从句 (3) 状语从句 : 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 方式状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 原因状语从句 让步状语从句 条件状语从句 2. 句子成分 : 主语 谓语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语 3. 倒装结构 4. 主谓一致 ( 三 ) 构词法 1. 派生法 : 常用前缀和后缀 2. 合成法 3. 转换法 四 阅读短文题材包括日常生活 史地 文化 科技常识 人物传记等 体裁有记叙文 说明文和应用文等 生词量不超过所读材料 2% 的中等难度的文字材料 阅读理解部分主要测试考生下列能力 :

4 1. 理解所读文章的主旨和大意, 理解事实与细节 ; 2. 理解句子的意义以及上下文的逻辑关系 ; 3. 根据文章进行一定的判断和推论 ; 4 根据上下文推测 判断生词的意思; 5 理解文章的写作意图, 作者的见解与态度 考试形式及试卷结构 试卷总分 :100 分考试时间 :60 分钟考试方式 : 闭卷, 笔试试卷内容比例 : 语音 10% 词汇与语法结构 30% 完型填空 20% 阅读理解 40% 详细的考查内容和要求如下 : 第一部分 : 语音共 5 个小题, 每小题 2 分, 共 10 分 要求从所给的四个单词的划线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项 第二部分 : 词汇与语法结构共 15 个小题, 每小题 2 分, 共 30 分 每小题留有空白处, 要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填人空白, 使句子意思完整 第三部分 : 完型填空共 10 个小题, 每小题 2 分, 共 20 分 这部分包括一篇短文, 短文中有 10 处空白, 每个空白为 1 小题 每小题有四个选项, 要求考生在阅读理解文章内容的基础上, 选择一个最佳答案, 使短文的意思和结构合理 完整 第四部分 : 阅读理解共 20 个小题, 每小题 2 分, 共 40 分 这部分由 5 篇文章组成, 阅读量为 1200 词左右 每篇文章后有 4 个问题, 要求考生在理解全文的基础上, 从题后给出的四个选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案

5 西北工业大学网络教育学院招生考试专科起点本科大学英语考前辅导 ( 一 ) 一 语音知识 ( 共 5 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 10 分 ) 在下列各组单词中, 有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同, 找出该单词 1. A. technique B. diploma C. virus D. civilization 2. A. feather B. tooth C. thief D. health 3. A. absorb B. abuse C. abortion D.abstract 4. A. concert B. city C. official D.cigar 5. A. house B. enough C. out D. found 二 词汇和语法知识 ( 共 15 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 30 分 ) 从每小题的四个选项中, 选出最佳的一项 6. The Internet, as means of communication, has been popular since early 1990s. A. a; an B.a; / C.a; the D. the; an 7. Let s go to the cinema,? A. won t you B. shall we C. shall I D. will you? 8. Tom only moved to a new house last week and he knows his neighbors! A. already B. still C. always D. yet 9.---Want to have a drink? --- No,. A. I d rather not B. I can t agree with you more C. Never mind D. It s up to you 10. If you were older, I you to ride the bike. A. would have allowed B. allowed C. would allow D. had allowed 11. A saying goes like that Life is 10% happens to us and 90% we respond to it.

6 A. that; that B. which; when C. what; how D. who; why Can you lend me a dictionary? --- Sorry, I ve got at hand myself. You can ask for others help. A. nothing C. it B. none D. one 13. It is suggested that more cheap houses now. A. are built C. being built B. must be built D. be built 14. We a contract last year and it is still valid. A. have signed B. had signed C. signed D. sign 15. I really have to go now. I have with the doctor. A. appointments to B. an appointment to C. an appointment with D. appointment with 16. Whenever he comes to our garden, he can t help the flowers. A. admires C. admiring B. admired D. to admire 17. I hesitated for a long time and in the end I decided to the job. A. take B. apply C. find D. search 18. Never the weather been so bad in October. A. is C. has B. are D. have Shall we go there tomorrow or the day after tomorrow? ---. A. No difference B. That makes no difference C. That makes no differences D. That does it make it different What do you think of your stepmother? --- There are some things that are not easy to but on the whold she is a good mother.

7 A. come up with C. break up with B. get along with D. put up with 三 完形填空 ( 共 10 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 20 分 ) 阅读下面的短文, 从短文后各题的四个选项 A, B, C, D 中选出填入对应空白处最佳选项 One sunny afternoon, a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods before she realized that she was lost. Sitting on a rock and 21 what to do, she began crying. After a while, she decided to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes. 22 it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wooden house. She opened the door and 23 stepped in. Suddenly, she heard a strange noise, and she ran out of the door and back to the 24 Cold and tired, she fell asleep near a stream. The girl s parents were out and her dog, Laddy, was at home. Laddy 25 that his mistrees was in danger. He jumped 26 a window, breaking the glass. He looked in the fields. But he couldn t find his mistress anywhere. However, from the ground came a familar scent ( 气味 ) as he lowered his head. He 27 the scent and walked across the grassland. Barking loudly into the air, the dog 28 through the woods until he found the house. But the girl was not there, so he headed back to the woods. Much to his delight, he saw his mistress blue shirt in the distance. He jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was 29. When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said, You 30 me, Laddy, and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into tears of relief. That night Laddy had a heror s supper: a huge meal of steak 21. A. wondering B. forgetting C. remembering D. regretting 22. A. When B. Until C. If D. Because 23. A. carelessly B. cautiously C. hopelessly D. unwillingly 24. A. trees B. bushes C. woods D. grasses 25. A. found B. sensed C. heard D. smelt

8 26. A. at B. through C. in D. onto 27. A. missed B. discovered C. followed D. ignored 28. A. searched B. wandered C. looked D. travelled 29. A. awake B. abandoned C. available D. asleep 30. A. disturbed B. comforted C. rescued D. scared 四 阅读理解 ( 共 20 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 40 分 ) 阅读下列短文, 从每小题后所给的 A B C D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项 Passage One Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos ( 纹身 ), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can t judge a book by its cover, yet people do cover themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees because those people represent the companies to their customers. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can t expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate

9 simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal. 31. Which of the following is the newspaper editor opinion according to Paragraph 2? A. People s appearances carry messages about themselves. B. Customers choices influence dress standards in companies. C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. 32. What can be inferred from the text? A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. 33. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices Matter C. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter 34. The author s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as. A. enthusiastic B. negative C positive D. sympathetic Passage Two (NEW YORK) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didn t think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesday s Daily News said a 29-year-old tourist who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday. He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Scaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. I didn't think at all, Duret told the Daily News. It happened very fast. I reacted very fast.

10 Duret, an engineer on vacation, was walking with his girlfriend along the pier( 码头 ) when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. When he reached the girl, she appeared lifeless, he said. Fortunately, when she was out of the water, she opened her eyes. Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from cookers. Duret caught a train with his girlfriend shortly after. The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn t realize his tale of heroism. He was leaving the next morning. I don t really think I m a hero, said Duret. Anyone would do the same ting. 35.Why was Duret in NewYork? A. To meet his girlfriend B. To work as an engineer C. To spend his holiday D. To visit the Andersons. 36. What did Duret do shortly after the ambulance came? A. He was interviewed by a newspaper B. He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes C. He went to the hospital in the ambulance D. He disappeared from the spot quickly 37. Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? A. David Anderson B. a passer-by C. his girlfriend D. a taxi driver. 38. When was Duret most probably found to be the very hero? A.Tthe day when he was leaving for home. B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued. C. The first day when he was in New York. D.The same day when he was interviewed. Passage Three Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the

11 mother of a Nobel Prize winner. Born in September, 1887, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris. Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities( 设备 )to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgrum. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military s Medal by the French government. In 1918, Irene became her mother s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taugh him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later. Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia( 白血病 )because of her work with radioactivity( 辐射能 ). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal? A. Because she received a degree in mathematics. B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded. C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic. D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother. 40. Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio Joliot? A.At the Curie Institute. C.At a military hospital. B.At the Cniversity of Paris. D.At the College of Sevigne. 41. When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born? A. In B. In C. In D. In In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother?

12 A. Irene worked with radioactivity. B.Irene combined family and career. C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once D.Irene died from leukemia. Passage Four Three Boys and a Dad Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. This will be like a walk in the park, he d told his wife. I ll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom. Things started well, but just after eight o clock, his three little good kids Mike, Randy, and Alex came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted breakfast, daddy. When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex s head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat. Mike chanted Where s my toast, where s my toast in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds. Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy s underwear on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, although they were before their very eyes. Someone named Not Me had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started. By ten o clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room,but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible. At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre. I suddenly have to go into work and my wife s away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes? The answer was obviously yes because Brad was smiling. 43. When his wife left home, Brad expected to. A. go out for a walk in the park

13 B. watch TV talk show with his children C. enjoy his first day off work D. read the newspaper to his children 44. Which of the following did Randy do? A. Drawing on the wall B. Eating apple jam C. Feeding the fish. D. Reading in a room 45.Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help? A. Because he wanted to clean up his house. B. Because he suddenly had to go to his office C. Because he found it hard to manage his boys home. D. Because he had to take his wife back 46. This text is developed. A. by space B. by comparison C. by process D. by time Passage Five Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke ( 中风 )within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants ( 污染物 )were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of moderate quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter

14 regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. 47. The text mainly discusses the relationship between. A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercising C. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food 48. The underlined word modest in Paragraph 3 most probably means. A. relatively high B. extremely low C. relatively low D. extremely high 49. What can we learn from the text? A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking, D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. 50. The author s purpose of writing the text is most likely to. A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain 大学英语辅导 ( 一 ) 参考答案 一 语音知识 1-5 C A D C B 二 词汇和语法知识 6-10 C B D A C C B D C C C A C B B 三 完型填空 A A B C B B C A D C 四 阅读理解 C B C B C D A B B A A C C B C D A C D A

15 西北工业大学网络教育学院招生考试专科起点本科大学英语考前辅导 ( 二 ) 一 语音知识 ( 共 5 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 10 分 ) 在下列各组单词中, 有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同, 找出该单词 1. A. again B. narrow C. china D. tradition 2. A. custom B. school C. respect D. sugar 3. A. twice B. invite C. terrible D. bite 4. A. amount B. trouble C. house D. doubt 5. A. thunder B. worthy C. neither D. clothes 二 词汇和语法知识 ( 共 15 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 30 分 ) 从每小题的四个选项中, 选出最佳的一项 6.The fishing boat that has been tied up at the pier for three days finally on its way this morning. A. was B. were C. is D. are 7. I can t eat out tonight. I have to do. A. too many homeworks B. too much homework C. too much homeworks D. much too homeworks 8. All the students went to the magic show yesterday. It was really. A. amusingly B. amuse C. amusing D. amused 9. I would have bought the bigger model if I afford it. A. could B. had been able to C. had D. would be able to 10. The education of young is always hot and serious topic. A././ B. the, / C. /, the D. the, a 11. You look you haven t eaten for a week. A. though B. so that C. while D. as if 12. I believe every year watch NBA on TV. A. millions of people B. million people

16 C. millions people D. million of people 13. It was his nervousness in the interview probably lost him the job. A. which C. that B. since D. what 14. You me, did you? A. understand B. weren t understanding C. didn t understand D. understand 15. Until last year, she was the largest ship that. A. has ever been built B. had ever been built C. has ever built D. was ever been built 16. Speak louder so that you can make yourself. A. heard C. hearing B. to hear D. have been heard 17. No cat and no dog to get into the public park. A. are allowed C. is allowed B. allows D. allow 18. Seldom any mistakes during my past five years of service in the company. A. I did make C. did I make B. I would make D. would I make 19. Interestingly, many people hold the belief that imports are to domestic goods. A. contrary C. essential B. relevant D. superior 20. I am looking forward to the film again. A. saw C. seen B. seeing D.see

17 三 完形填空 ( 共 10 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 20 分 ) 阅读下面的短文, 从短文后各题的四个选项 A, B, C, D 中选出填入对应空白处最佳选项 Long ago, in a small village of Wakefield lived two farmers, Harry and Peter. Harry was very hard-working while Peter was 21. Every day Harry got up early and came home late, but Peter walked around for fun. One summer there was no 22 and the crops were dying. Harry thought, I must do something to save these crops, or they shall die. With this 23 in mind,he went out to find a river so that he could dig a canal to his field. He walked on and on, feeling tired and thirsty. After a 24 search, he found a river full of blue water. He was very happy. He started digging a canal to his field. 25 it was noon, his wife sent their daughter to bring Harry home 26 lunch. But Harry did not go. He did not want to leave his work unfinished. He completed his work 27 at night. He was very satisfied. He went home, had a good meal and 28 into a sound sleep. Peter did the same. But he was not at all determined. He also 29 digging a canal to his field but he didn t have his work completed. His field did not get 30 water and all his crops died. Harry s field would be watered when needed. He had a good harvest because of his hard work. 21. A. cruel B.1azy C. careless D. silly 22. A. rain B. wind C. cloud D. river 23. A. feeling B. dream C. problem D.thought 24. A. quick B. long C. slow D. special 25. A. Whether B.Although C. When D. Unless 26. A. for B.to C.with D. at 27. A. early B.far C.late D. deep 28. A. fell B.1ooked C. turned D. walked 29. A.stopped B.1oved C.forgot D. started 30. A. clean B. enough C. 1ittle D. fresh

18 四 阅读理解 ( 共 20 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 40 分 ) 阅读下列短文, 从每小题后所给的 A B C D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项 Passage One The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, on-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the word diet everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically. Diet products singnificantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and so straight for the scale ( 秤 )instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word diet in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous. Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in

19 the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them. 31. From Paragraph 1, we learn that. A. diet products fail to bring out people's potential B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products C. diet products are misleading people D. people are fed up with diet products 32. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to. A. try out a variety of diet foods B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods C. pay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their diet 33. In Paragraph 3, gain comes without pain probably means. A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight C. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from calories 34. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products. A. are over-consumed B. lack basic nutrients C. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy Passage Two Domestic horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren't tame enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today. Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them

20 for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication. As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals' genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of horses would show more of these chosen characteristics. Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads. The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. 35. Before domestication horses were. A. caught for sports B. hunted for food C. made to pull ploughs D. used to carry people 36. The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show. A. it is smaller than the Clydesdale horse B. horse used to have gentle personalities

21 C. some horses have better shaped than others D. horses were of less variety before domestication 37. Horses contributed to the spread of culture by. A. carrying heavy loads B. changing farming methods C. serving as a means of transport D. advancing agriculture in different areas 38. The passage is mainly about. A. why humans domesticated horses B. how humans and horses needed each other C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes tion D. how human societies and horses influnced each other. Passage Three The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched ( 草盖的 ) roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lines with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside. Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles ( 英论诸岛 ). Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too. Thatching is a solitary ( 独自的 ) craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced toady has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter. In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary

22 mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defense against the heat. 39. Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside? A. Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses. B. Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings. C. Cottages with thatched roofs. D. Churches with cottages around them. 40. What do we know about thatching as a craft? A. It is a collective activity. B. It is practised on farms all over England. C. It is quite different from what it used to be. D. It is in most cases handed down among family members. 41. Thatched houses are still preferred because of. A. their style and comfort B. their durability C. their easy maintenance D. their cheap and ready-made materials 42. People in developing countries also live under thatch because. A. thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction B. thatched roof houses are the cheapest C. thatch is an effective defense against the heat D. they like hatched houses better than other building Passage Four The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: store in the refrigerator. In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, baker, and the ice- cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus( 剩余

23 的 )bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.what refrigeration did promote was marketing marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you ll get rid of that terrible hum. 43. The statement In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. (Line 1, Para.2) suggests that. A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties B. the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties C. there was no fridge in the author s home in the 1950s D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s 44. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? A. People would not buy more food than was necessary. B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. D. People had effective ways to preserve their food. 45. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?

24 A. Inventors. B. Consumers. C. Manufacturers. D.Traveling salesmen. 46. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge s negative effect on the environment? A. Hum away continuously. B. Climatically almost unnecessary. C. Artificially-cooled space. D. With mild temperatures. Passage Five The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with humanlike ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon ( 硅 ) will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of

25 people, will be within our power. 47. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability? A. He believes they will be useful to human beings. B. He believes that they will control us in the future. C. He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us. D. He doesn t consider the construction of such machines possible. 48. The word carbon (Line 4, Para.2) stands for. A. intelligent robots B. a chemical element C. an organic substance D. human beings 49. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when. A. its intelligence and cost are beyond question B. it is able to bear the rough environment C. it is made as complex as the human brain D. its architecture is different from that of the present ones 50. It can be inferred from the passage that. A. after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction B. with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability C. once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligence D. robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space

26 大学英语辅导 ( 二 ) 参考答案 一 语音知识 1-5 B D C B A 二 词汇和语法知识 6-10 A B C B D D A C C B A C C D B 三 完型填空 B A D B C A C A D B 四 阅读理解 C D A B B D C D C D A B C D B A A D A B

27 西北工业大学网络教育学院招生考试专科起点本科大学英语考前辅导 ( 三 ) 一 语音知识 ( 共 5 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 10 分 ) 在下列各组单词中, 有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同, 找出该单词 1. A. among B. color C.along D. cover 2. A. refuse B. use C. focus D. excuse 3. A. charge B.church C search D. Christian 4. A. field B. piece C. friend D. experience 5. A. tapes B.scissors C. cakes D. books 二 词汇和语法知识 ( 共 15 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 30 分 ) 从每小题的四个选项中, 选出最佳的一项 6. He in that hotel since the beginnig of August. A. has been living B. lived C. is living D. lives 7. It s high time we him a registered letter. A. send B. sent C. has sent D. had sent 8. The boys spent the whole morning possible answers to the question. A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed 9. It was matter that I had no choice but to talk it over with my parents. A. a such serious B. a so serious C. such serious a D. so serious a 10. More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot the noise from the neighbouring airport. A. come up with B. put up with C. catch up with D. keep up with 11. Dad wondered where I d been, and I a story about being at Grandma s. A. made out B. made up C. look out D. look up 12. Smoking is not in many places nowadays. A. suggested B. left C. permitted D. increased 13. I as well as all your classmates ready to help you.

28 A. am B. are C. to be D. can 14. Was the teacher s clear? A. explaining B. explained C. explain D.explanation 15. I will see you at the meeting next week it s concelled before then. A. in spite B. unless C. though D. in case 16. We need to spend money on special hospitals and psychiatrists for. A. the mentally ill B. mentally ill C. the disabled D. disabled 17. I am going to bank. I am going to Lloyd s Bank. A. the, the B. the, / C. /, the D. /, / 18. A great many parents famous universities before their children finish their secondary education. A. is willing to visit B. are willing to visit C. is willing to visiting D. are willing to visiting 19. earlier, I might have done that in a totally different way. A. I have been told B. I were told C. Had I been told D. Had I told 20. Five hundred dollars expensive. A. are B. to be C. is D. has been 三 完形填空 ( 共 10 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 20 分 ) 阅读下面的短文, 从短文后各题的四个选项 A, B, C, D 中选出填入对应空白处最佳选项 What is intelligence anyway? When I was in the army, I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against 21 of 100, scored 160. I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than , when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him----and he always 23 it. Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man designed questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them I d prove myself a 24. In a world where I have to

29 work with my hands, I d do poorly. Consider my auto-repair man again. He had a habit of telling 25. One time he said, Doc, a deaf-and-dumb man needed some nails. Having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made 26 movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk 27 him some nails. He picked out the right size and left. Well, Doc, the next man who came in was blind. He wanted scissors ( 剪 刀 ). What do you suppose he asked for them? I lifted my right hand and made scissoring movements with my first two fingers. He burst out laughing and said, Why, you fool, he used his 28 and asked for them. I ve been trying that on all my customers day, but I knew 29 I d catch you. Why is that? I asked. Because you are so goddamned educated, Doc. I knew you couldn t be very 30. And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there. 21. A. an average B. a total C. an exam D. a number 22. A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet 23. A. fixed B. checked C. drove D. changed 24. A. teacher B. doctor C. winner D. fool 25. A. lies B. jokes C. news D. tales 26. A. cutting B. hammering C. waving D. circling 27. A. brought B. packed C. sent D. sold 28. A. imagination B. hand C. voice D. information 29. A. for sure B. at once C. in fact D. right now 30. A. clear B. silly C. slow D. smart 四 阅读理解 ( 共 20 小题, 每题 2 分, 共 40 分 ) 阅读下列短文, 从每小题后所给的 A B C D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项 Passage One Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children. In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream. They both wanted to pursue their talent for

30 art. After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement. They would toss a coin. The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy. Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy. Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation( 轰动 ). By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works. When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht s triumphant( 胜利的 )homecoming. Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice( 牺牲 ) that had enabled him to complete his dream. And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turn. Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you. Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, No no. It is too late for me. Look look at what four years in the mines have done to my hands! The bones in every finger have been broken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis( 关节炎 )so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush. Later, Albrecht Durer draw his brother s hands. He called his drawing simply Hands, and later it was renamed The Praying Hands. More than 500 years have passed. Among the works of Albrecht Durer, The Praying Hands, is probably the most familiar to people. Reproductions of it hang in people s homes or offices. 31. Why did the two brothers work out the agreement? A. They were so curious as to make a joke. B. Their family couldn t afford the academy. C. One of the brothers was supposed to go into mines. D. They wanted to support the other sisters and brothers. 32. The underlined word whose in Para. 2 refers to.

31 A. the Durer family s B. the miners C. Albert s D. Albrecht s 33. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Albrecht Durer? A. He began to earn his living after graduation. B. He did perfectly well at the academy. C. He wanted his brother to go to the academy. D. He created great masterpieces. 34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. It proved that Albreacht was not good at painting. B. Albrecht couldn t earn any money whild he was studying at the academy. C.Years of hard work in the mines brought great suffering to Albert. D. In the painting The Praying Hands, the hands were Albrecht s. Passage Two Excused from recycling ( 回收利用 ) because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute( 垃圾道 )? You won t be for long. Miam s Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too. In Shantzis Hi-Rise Recycling System, a chute leads to a pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated. The system, which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use, enables glass, plastic, paper, metal, and other rubbish to go into separate boxes. The system is controlled from a board next to the chute door. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials (as well as for unrecyclables). At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute door and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. Sorting ( 分类 ) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting. Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive, so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted. Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective.

32 35. The purpose in writing this text is. A. to encourage people to recycle their rubbish B. to introduce a recycling system for high rises C. to describe the use of computer technology in recycling D. to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises 36. When he says You won t be for long the writer means that. A. you ll soon be living in a cleaner building B. rubbish chutes will become out of date before long C. you won t wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish D. it won t be long before you ll have to recycle your rubbish 37. Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to. A. lock the other floors chute doors B. check if the container is full C. press the correct button D. break up the rubbish 38. The biggest advantage of this new system is that. A. it readuces the cost of recycling B. it saves time and space C. it saves money for people living in high rises D. it makes better use of the existing recovery equipment Passage Three GET YOUR DEGREE AT HOME! Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career( 事业 )? It means a lot of Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma( 毕业证 ). Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today s growing fields-without having to go to college full time. With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time-so you don t have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like

33 Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking & Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more! Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids, even professional-quality tools and equipment, everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition( 学费 ) price you pay. Your education is nationally recognized! Nearly 2, 000 American companies, including General Electric, IBM, Mobile, General Motors, Ford, and many others have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employees in your area will, too! Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career diploma in just six months! The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in today s hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy. Prepare for promotions( 提升 ), pay raises, even start a business of your own! Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at home training! Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon( 票券 ) above. Then write in the name and number of the one program you re most interested in, and mail it today. We ll rush your free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities( 机会 ) in the field you ve chosen. Act today! Mail coupon today! Or call the number below Call any time, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. www. Harcourt-learning. com Harcourt@learning. com. 39. This advertisement aims at calling on people to. A. attend full-time universities B. work part time to further their education C. improve their education at home to get better jobs D. earn their degrees in different ways that suit them 40. Which of the following is NOT clearly mentioned in this advertisement? A. The way how you will get your degree. B. Tuition price. C. The hot fields you will be preparing yourself for.

34 D. The length of time it will take you to get a degree. 41. What does the writer of this ad intend to say by naming General Electric, IBM, Ford, etc.? A. To show that their training is widely used in the country. B. To show that the training program is fully supported by famous companies in the U. S. C. To prove the value of their training in every area. D. To show the importance of getting recognized by the most famous companies. 42. It seems to the writer that the greatest attraction for people to take their training is. A. its convenience B. the degree s nation-wide recognition C. the economic benefit ( 利益 ) it will bring about D. the hot fields the training will help people to enter Passage Four In early autumn I applied for admission to college. I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University, but my mother fought strongly againsnst it. When she saw me studying a photograph of my father on the sports ground of Cornell, she tore it up. You can t say it s not a great university, just because Papa went there. That s not it at all. And it is a top university. She was still holding the pieces in her hand. But we can t afford to send you to college. I wouldn t dream of asking you for money. Do you want me to get a job to help support you and Papa? Things aren t that bad, are they? No, she said. I don t expect you to help support us. Father borrowed money form his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop. His chief customers were his old college friends.to get new customers, my mother had to help. She picked up a long-forgotten membership in the local league of women so that she cound get to know more people. Whether those people would turn into customers was another question. I knew that my parents had to wait for quite a long

35 time before their small investment ( 投资 ) could show returns. What s more, they had not wanted enough to be rich and successful;otherwise they cound not possibly have managed their lives so badly. I was torn between the desire to help them and change their lives, and the determination not to repeat their mistakes. I had a strong belief in my power to do what I wanted. After months of hard study I won a full college scholarship( 奖学金 ). My father could hardly contain his pride in me, and my mother eventually gave in before my success. 43. The author was not allowed to go to Cornell University mainly because. A. father grduated from the university B. his mother did not thinks it a great university C. his parents needed him to help support the family D. his parents did not have enough money for him 44. The father started his small shop with the money from A. a local league B. his university C. his relatives D. his college friends 45. Why did the mother renew her membership in the league? A. To help with her husband s business B. To raise money for her son C. To meet her long-forgotten friends D. To better manage her life 46. According to the text, what was the author determined to do in that autumn? A. To get a well-paid job for himself B. To improve relations with his mother C. To go to his dream university D. To carry on with his father s business Passage Five The easy way out isn t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cook book and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time. I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled