WRITING YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS STUFF! 1. STRUCTURE 2. PUNCTUATION/GRAMMAR 3. STRATEGY

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1 WRITING REVIEW? PREVIEW? YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS STUFF! 1. STRUCTURE 2. PUNCTUATION/GRAMMAR 3. STRATEGY English

2 Paragraphs Paragraph s are organized around the All sentences in paragraph make the main idea clear Topic Sentence Usually one Helps reader the main idea. Supporting sentences provide details and

3 Paragraphs Paragraph All sentences relate to main idea or implied main idea. All sentences relate to a sequence of. Destroying unity ideas are clearly connected and arranged Chronological order Spatial Order arrange details according to Order of Importance Most to least important or vice versa Logical order grouping ideas

4 Sentences A sentence is a group of words that contains a and a and expresses a complete thought. It must make sense by itself. If not it s a A sentence has two parts - names the person, place, thing or ideas spoken about in the rest of the sentence says something about the subject

5 Parallel Structure Reduces choppiness in your writing by sentences Joining several equal or ideas in a sentence Must write in a way Practice, Practice, Practice

6 Figurative add own example Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language. A simile uses the words like or as to compare one object or idea with another to suggest they are alike. Example: busy as a bee The metaphor states a fact or draws a verbal picture by the use of comparison. A simile would say you are like something; a metaphor is more positive - it says you are something. Example: You are what you eat. A figure of speech in which human characteristics are given to an animal or an object. Example: My teddy bear gave me a hug.

7 Figurative Language The repetition of the same initial letter, sound, or group of sounds in a series of words. Alliteration includes tongue twisters. Example: She sells seashells by the seashore. The use of a word to describe or imitate a natural sound or the sound made by an object or an action. Example: snap crackle pop An exaggeration that is so dramatic that no one would believe the statement is true. Tall tales are hyperboles. Example: He was so hungry, he ate that whole cornfield for lunch, stalks and all.

8 Figurative Language A natural way of speaking to a native speaker of the language. Example: A Blessing In Disguise; A dime a dozen A cliché is an expression that has been used so often that it has become trite and sometimes boring. Example: Many hands make light work. a subtle distinction or variation, difference things may seem very much alike, but their nuances are what make them different. Usage Examples: There was a nuance of anger in his voice that was almost undetectable in his otherwise calm demeanor. (hint, trace, shade) My best friend is allergic to almonds, and even a nuance of almond flavor will cause her to have a reaction. (suggestion, trace) If you don't understand the nuances of the author's language, you may not fully appreciate his book. (subtleties, refinements) The actress is so highly acclaimed because she is able to convey the slightest nuance of emotion with only her eyes. (hint, trace, suggestion)

9 Figurative Language -The substitution of an inoffensive term (such as "passed away") for one considered offensively explicit ("died"). Mr. Prince: We'll see you when you get back from image enhancement camp. Martin Prince: Spare me your euphemisms! It's fat camp, for Daddy's chubby little secret! ("Kamp Krusty," The Simpsons, 1992) A figure of speech which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side; a compressed paradox. "act naturally," "random order," "original copy," "found missing," "alone together," "criminal justice," "old news," "peace force," "even odds," "awful good," "student teacher," "definite possibility," "definite maybe," "terribly pleased," "civil war," "real phony," "ill health," "turn up missing," "jumbo shrimp," "loose tights," "small crowd," "clearly misunderstood

10 Denotative and Connotative The meaning of a word is its literal meaning the definition you d find in the dictionary meanings of words General is different it s what a word means to a large group of people; a mind picture that is shared. General connotation doesn t mean that everybody in the world thinks the same way about something, just that large groups of people do. Example: Mom, Cat

11 Using Connotative Language When many words with strong connotations appear in the same news report, that news report is said to be slanted or loaded. This means that the words have been chosen to create either a favorable or unfavorable impression. Professor Vosovic of Stanford University has written two different accounts of the same event: Five teenagers were loitering on the corner. As their raucous laughter cut through the air, we noticed their sloppy black leather jackets and their greasy dyed hair. They slouched against a building with cigarettes dangling contemptuously from their mouths. Five youngsters stood on the corner. As the joy of their laughter filled the air, we noticed their smooth loose-fitting jackets and the gleam of their colorful hair. They relaxed against a building smoking evenly on cigarettes that seemed almost natural in their serious young mouths. The same event, yes. But two very different accounts of it. How does each report make you feel?

12 Phrases A is a group of related worlds that does contain both a verb and a subject. Noun Phrase A word group with a noun or pronoun as its head. A noun phrase does the work of a noun in a sentence. I read that book about dinosaurs She wants to be a doctor. Verb Phrase should have waited

13 phrases phrases have an adjective as their head. e.g. very tall phrases have an adverb as their head. e.g. very quickly Group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.

14 phrases A group of words that modifies an independent clause as a whole. An absolute is made up of a noun and its modifiers. It may precede, follow, or interrupt the main clause: Their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, the storks circled high above us. The storks circled high above us, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky. The storks, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, circled high above us.

15 Clauses A is a group of words that contains a verb and its subject is used as part of the sentence. clause expresses a complete thought can stand alone as a sentence The outfielders were missing easy fly balls. The infielders were throwing wildly. Join the two together to form one sentence. Clause- (subordinate clause) does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone The woman who spoke to our class yesterday was interesting.

Vocabulary Workstation

Vocabulary Workstation 1. Read the directions and discuss with your group what context clues are and how we can use them to help us determine the meaning of words we are unsure of. 2. Choose three vocabulary