I. 基本文法結構 II. 句子寫作練習 III. 英語諺語 IV. 美國人表達方式 V.

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1 大一英文自編講義江進勳編撰

2 目錄 I. 基本文法結構 II. 句子寫作練習 III. 英語諺語 IV. 美國人表達方式 V. 字彙 VI. 新聞閱讀

3 1 I. 基本文法結構 1. 句子組成 : S+Vi 或 S+Vt+O 2. S 與 O 一定用名詞, 換言之, 只有名詞才能當主詞或受詞 3. 名詞種類有 :1. 一般名詞 2. 代名詞 3. 動名詞 (V+ing)4. 不定詞 (To+V)5. 名詞子句 4. 一般名詞做主詞 : The child likes English. 代名詞做主詞 : I always keep my promise. 動名詞 (V+ing) 做主詞 : 凡指事實或經驗或已經做過的事都用動名詞. Collecting rare stones is one of my hobbies. 不定詞 (To+V) 做主詞 : 凡指意願目的未完成的事都用不定詞. To travel around the world is my dream after I retire from my job. 名詞子句做主詞 : 用整句當主詞時句前一定要加 that That China attacked America yesterday shocked the whole world. S VT O Whether + 子句疑問詞 + 子句這兩種句都可以當主詞 Whether he can do the job remains to be seen. S Vi Sc Where he lives is still unknown. S Vi Sc 5. 一般名詞代名詞動名詞 (V+ing) 不定詞 (To+V) 名詞子句都可當受詞 : I like the school. I don't know him. He enjoys jogging after school.

4 2 I want to travel around the world. I know that you have finished your homework. S Vt O I know where he lives right now. S Vt O 6. 凡是動名詞不定詞和名詞子句當主詞者都可搬到句子最後面, 在原本地方加上假主詞 IT. 如 Collecting rare stones is one of my hobbies. It is one of my hobbies to collect rare stones. To travel around the world is my dream after I retire from my job. It is my dream to travel around the world after I retire from my job. That China attacked America yesterday shocked the whole world. It shocked the whole world that China attacked America yesterday. 7. 形容詞 : 用來描述名詞狀的詞. 形容詞種類 :1. 一般形容詞 2. 介詞片語形容詞 3. 不定詞形容 4. 現在分詞 5. 過去分詞 6. 形容詞子句一般形容詞 : big gun. 介詞片語形容詞 : The book on the table is mine. 不定詞形容 : I have a plan to study abroad. 現在分詞 : I saw a falling leave in the sky. 過去分詞 : I saw a killed dog in the park. 形容詞子句 :I know the teacher who happens to be my neighbor. 8. 副詞 : 用來強調動詞的狀態或修飾形容詞與副詞的程度者

5 3 副詞種類 :1. 一般副詞 2. 介詞片語副詞 3. 不定詞副詞 4. 副詞子句一般副詞 : He runs fast. 介詞片語副詞 : He usually jogs in the park. 不定詞副詞 : He travels around the world to widen his eyes. 副詞子句 : I was washing my clothes when he came into my house. 任何一個句只要主詞動詞受詞確定之後其他不是當形容詞就是副詞

6 4 II. 句子寫作練習 1. 用英文思考或用英文寫日記對你英文能力提升有幫助 2. 他能在外交部工作顯示他的外語能力很強 3. 一個工作過度的人很容易緊張 4. 我現在一個月賺多少錢不重要現在對我最重要的是我須要一份穩定工作 5. 他在會議上所說的話讓我們感到很丟臉 6. 我希望你做決定知前能夠考慮到環保的重要性 7. 老師要每位學生在寒假時用英文寫一篇有關地球暖化的報告 8. 政府將於過年前發給每個人 3600 元是真的. 9. 經營一家大公司不容易. 你必須花很多心血管理許多員工

7 5 10. 你現在一個月賺多少錢不重要重要的事就是你要知道如何理財 11. 法律給我們這項權利並不表示我們可以為所欲為. 12. 出國之前做好萬全準備有助一路旅行平安 13. 跟你一起工作增進我許多知識 increase 14. 畢業之後馬上找到一份高薪工作是每位年輕人的夢想 good-pay 15. 你英語講的好並不代表你的英文很好. 16. 我的教學目標就是提升同學的英語說寫能力. 17. 跟你一起工作增進我許多知識 18. 畢業之後馬上找到一份高薪工作是每位年輕人的夢想 19. 你英語講的好並不代表你的英文很好. 20. 我的教學目標就是提升同學的英語說寫能力. 21. 一個人努力工做並不代表他可以賺許多錢.

8 23. 英語說的好可以幫你找到一份好工作. 24. 建造這部複雜機器花了我一百萬元英文老師的工作就是要使他的學生愛死英文並說一口好英文. 26. 今晚到那裡吃晚餐是我們最大難題. 27. 台灣與美國關係良好並不代表美國會出售核子武器給台灣. 28. 你英文考試考的很好並不代表你英語講的很好 29. 集郵是我的嗜好之一 30. 學而不思則罔, 思而不學則殆 31. 誠實為最佳策略是一句名言 32. 昨天日本攻打美國震驚全世界 33. 跟你一起工作增進我許多知識 34. 畢業之後馬上找到一份高薪工作是每位年輕人的夢想

9 35. 你英語講的好並不代表你的英文很好我的教學目標就是提升同學的英語說寫能力. 37. 一個人努力工做並不代表他可以賺許多錢. 38. 英語說的好可以幫你找到一份好工作. 39. 你賺了許多錢並代表你非常幸福 40. 學習這項技術需要三年時間 41. 修理這部電腦費我三小時的功夫 42. 每天喝一杯紅酒有益身體健康 43. 墾丁是個人们可以吃新鮮海鮮的地方. 44. 一個人在美國住了十年並不代表他英文說的很好 45. 讀英文而不解英文句子結構是白費的

10 醫生說, 每天喝一杯紅酒有益身體健康 47. 誠實為上策是我們應該記住的格言 48. 試圖說服他與我們合作根本是白費力氣的 49. 他是否留下來吃晚餐對我來說不重要

11 9. III. 英語諺語 1. A clear conscience is soft pillow. 2. A cock is bold on his own dunghill. 3. All lays loads on a willing horse. 4. Dead men have friends. 5. Don s teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 6. Full of courtesy and full of craft. 7. A ragged coat may cover a honest man. 8. Don t wash your dirty linen in public. 9. Misery loves company. 10. Praise no man till he is dead. 11. No bed of roses. 12. Truth sits on the lips of dying men. 13. A drowning man will catch a straw. 14. A golden key opens every door. 15. A guilty conscience needs no accuser. 16. Comparisons are odious. He who runs in the dark may well stumble.

12 10 17.Repent and salvation is at hand. 18. What is bred in the bone will come out of flesh. 19. Man proposes, God disposes. 20. A little neglect may breed great mischief. 21. A slow fire makes sweet malt. 22. Stretch your legs according to your coverlet. 23. A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow 24. Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard. 25. Many a little make a mickle. 26. Example is more efficacious than precept. 27. A deceitful peace is more hurtful than an open war. 28. Lookers-on see most of the game. 29.When everyone is in the wrong, everyone is in the right. 30.One swallow doesn t a summer. 31.You can t teach an old dog new tricks. 32.You can t get blood out of a stone. 33What must be must be.

13 34.Two of a trade never agree Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 36.Beggars can t be chooser. 37.It is more blessed to give than to receive. 38. Necessity knows no law. 39.Bad news travel fast. 40.Too many cooks spoil the broth. 41.A bad workman blames his tools. 42. Time and tide wait for no man. 43.Money is the root of all evil. 44.Never do things by halves. 45.Never judge a person by his appearance. 46.A new broom sweeps clean. 47.Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 48.One good turn deserves another. 49.Paddle your own canoe. 50.No cross, no crown. 51.Piety is the foundation of all virtues.

14 A stitch is time save nine. 53.Action speaks louder than words. 54.Pure gold does not fear the furnace. 55.Even a worm will turn. 56.Of evils we must choose the best. 57.A man is known by the company he keeps. 58.All is fair in love and war. 59.One s meat is another man s poison. 60.An idle youth, a needy age. 61.Riches invite robbery. 62.once bitter, twice shy. 63.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 64.Empty vessels make the most sound. 65.Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. 66.Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 67. A drowning man will catch at straw.

15 All roads lead to Rome. 69.All is well that ends well. 70.Patience is rewarded. 71.A cat has nine lives. 72.A burnt child dreads the fire. 73.A contented mind is a perpetual feast. 74.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 75.Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 76.You have made your bed, now you must lie in it. 77.All that glitters is not gold. 78. A leopard cannot change his spots. 79. As you sow, so shall you reap. 80.Everybody s business is nobody s business. 81.Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches. 82.A man speaks well when his clock strikes. 83.Ignorance is bless.

16 Sight goes before hearsay. 85.Keep something for raining. 86.A penny saved is a penny earned. 87.The child is the father to the man. 88.The tailor makes the man. 89.The wish is father to the thought. 90.Old habits die hard. 91.If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. 92.Don t change horses in mid-stream. 93.The longest way round is the nearest way home. 94.Call a spade a spade. 95.Beauty is but skin deep. 96.Forgive and forget. 97.Never say die. 98.Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 99.A rolling stone gathers no moss.

17 Great oaks fall while reeds remains. 101.Give the devil his due. 102.Don t bite more than you can chew. 103.Barking dogs seldom bite. 104.God gives all things to industry. 105.A Jack of all trade master of none. 106.He who loves well chastises well. 107.The more man learns, the more he sees his ignorance. 108.Hoist your sail when the wind is fair. 109.It is a good horse that never stumbles. 110.Let bygones be bygones. 111.Still water runs deep. 112.Hunger is the best sauce. 113.The end justifies the means. 114.Jump once but look twicw. 115.The course of true love never did run smooth.

18 All good things must come to an end. 117.Good watch prevents misfortune. 118.Great vessels take years to produce. 119.The bait hides the hook. 120.He who denies all confesses all.

19 17. IV. 美國人表達方式 1.I have no idea what I did to offend her, but she gave me the cold shoulder. 2.Having many people in the kitchen gets in my way. Too many cooks spoil the soup. 3.Don t put on airs with me. I don t but that. 4.I have got one foot in the grave, so the end is over. 5.The money is just a drop in the bucket of what s is needed for so many disaster victims. 6.Do things systematically; don t put the cart before the horse. 7.Whe doing this, try to keep a low profile. 8.Your idea can t hold water against the simplest argument. 9.This young man is fresh out of college and still wet behind the ears. 10.He always dances around the subject when he talks with women. 11.I did not commit any wrongdoings, so I am not afraid of answering to the law. I have a clear conscience. 12.He will win the championship when pigs fly. 13.He seems cranky today. He must have gotten up on the wrong side of the bed. 14.He always strive to come out on top. 15. Don t worry about that. You will cross that abridge when you get there. 16. I gave him a pep talk to boost his confidence. 17. Everyone s jaws dropped when she won the beauty contest. 18.I can t afford to make a fool of myself again this time. 19.It is like casting pearls before swine to talk about this to him. 20.You stick your nose to my business. 21. Everyone in the family tried to get the upper hand in gaining the inheritance. 22.You are such a bad apple; you have ruined all our reputations. 23.A live ass is better than a dead lion, so stop complaining. 24.It is a great taboo for a teacher to play favorites. 25.The news made my blood boil. 26.His brother is man of the world. You can learn a lot from him. 27.I put myself in her shoes, I understand how she is feeling right now.

20 28.The situation is quite complicated. So you had better keep your nose clean. 29.His cushy job affords him a nice lifestyle. 30.Please don t on ceremony. Make yourself at home. 31.It is like casting pearls before swine talking about this to him. 32.You are such an airhead. Even a child could do that. 33.The situation upsets him, but his hands are tied. 34.Who do you think you are? 35.She will not have any sympathy for you. She is a cold fish. 36.I know her family like the back of my hand. 37.He has the handwriting of a doctor. It is not easy to read. 38.We will not hit him when he is down. 39.This is right down her alley, so let s leave it to her. 40.I opened a company of my own. It is better to be a chief than an Indian. 41. My excursion plan went up in smoke because of the heavy rain. 42. He is a coward who bullies the week and fears the strong. 43. All his essay are cut from the same cloth, without much variation. 44. Seize the day. Don t wait until you kick the buck. 45. Like a writer without a pen, I lack the equipment. 46. Since the boss became ill, the employees are like sheep without a shepherd. 47. When he joined the company, he was still wet behind the ears. 48. You can t wash your hands of this because it s your responsibility. 49. Let s work this out together. Two heads are better than one. 50.He makes friends with people from all walks of life. 51. He can t open his mouth without talking shop. 52. There is no one to blame. I was simply not born at the right time. 53. He has sticky fingers. You had better keep an eye on him. 54. I accidentally let the cat out of the bag and told him about the surprise birthday party. 55. These are enough for you. Don t bite off more than you can chew. 56. Be careful. You should not try to save small only to lose big. 57. The tragedy did not even touch his heart of stone. 58. If we don t take some measures immediately, the prices will be running wild. 59. You have a lot of skills so don t sell yourself short when you look for a job.

21 60. That guy is penny wise and pound foolish. Vocabulary 34. accommodate bewilder circulate deceive disrupt murmur 35. myth outrage patriot penetrate restrict blink exploit famine 36. patrol recess reptile rustle scowl wretch bestow drastic plea 37. prestige ripple shrill stray trend wreath accumulate ample corrupt 38. extinct illuminate incredible lament profound vivid betray drowsy 39. embarrass hesitate pregnant react repulse tenant unconscious 40. biography cherish daze dismay haul mess ranch repeal rumble V. 字彙 20. May God smile on you throughout the year when you study 1. barren devise intrigue oath 2. postpone refuge shatter tease 3. absurd alien amiable ban genuine 4. hoist massive stale thriveannoy

22 5. diplomat induce mobilize precede predetermine 6. prevail transact treason dramatic fume 7. miniature parcel racket scar skip 8. sculpture apparatus assert compensate 9. deem specimen tendency stimulate testify 10. tourist blunt elastic fatigue heir 11. inflate plump shun sneer adjoin 12. ally chaste defy disrupt fantastic 13. impact interfere narrate visual appliance 14. perch retail stride swarm twig 15. wade brood gravel lure wrinkle alter doom fragile garrison hurl 17. refrain shabby temporary urgent alert 18. ascend disgrace grudge nun random 19. steadfast subordinate thrift treacherous 20. alternative contradict detect execute paralyze 21. revive stagger cling erase growl

23 22. lick poultry prick skim stitch 23. undergo wharf bellow beverage calculate 24. glamour outfit rascal render safeguard 25. transmit wrath baggy beneficial disgust 26. drought exterior eliminate gorgeous illegal 27. retain tilt veto abbreviate available 28. bribe chat contempt idol inherit 29. shrink tempt vital abuse brand 30. compress corridor hatch imply merchandise 31. preside procure ruffle soar surplus aspire 32. attorney falter plume promote shudder 33. villain immigrate intensify specify 22. VI. 新聞閱讀 I. US issues apology for 1940s syphilis study in Guatemala WASHINGTON -- American scientists deliberately infected prisoners and patients in a mental hospital in Guatemala with syphilis 60 years ago, a recently unearthed experiment that prompted U.S. officials to apologize Friday and declare outrage over such reprehensible research. The discovery dredges up past wrongs in the name of science like the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study in the U.S. that has long

24 dampened minority participation in medical research and could complicate ongoing studies overseas that depend on cooperation from some of the world's poorest countries to tackle tough-to-treat diseases. Uncovering it gives us all a chance to look at this and even as we are appalled at what was done to redouble our efforts to make sure something like this could never happen again, said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH-funded experiment, which ran from 1946 to 1948, was uncovered by a Wellesley College medical historian. It apparently was conducted to test if penicillin, then relatively new, could prevent some sexually transmitted infections. The study came up with no useful information and was hidden for decades. We are outraged that such reprehensible research could have occurred under the guise of public health, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said Friday. U.S. President Barack Obama called Guatemala's president, Alvaro Colom, later Friday to apologize. Clinton had called to apologize the night before. Obviously this is shocking, it's tragic, it's reprehensible, said White House press secretary Robert Gibbs. It's tragic and the U.S. by all means apologizes to all those who were impacted. Guatemalan Embassy official Fernando de la Cerda said his country hadn't known anything about the experiment until Clinton called to apologize Thursday night. We appreciate this gesture from the USA, acknowledging the mistake and apologizing, he said. This must not affect the bilateral relationship. Strict regulations today make clear that it is unethical to experiment on people without their consent, and require special steps for any work with such vulnerable populations as prisoners. But such regulations didn't exist in the 1940s. The U.S. government ordered two independent investigations to uncover exactly what happened in Guatemala and to make sure current bioethics rules are adequate. They will be led by 23. the prestigious Institute of Medicine and the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. Wellesley College historian Susan Reverby made the discovery while combing the archived records of Dr. John Cutler, a government researcher involved in the Tuskegee study that from 1932 to 1972 tracked 600 black men in Alabama who had syphilis without ever offering them treatment. II.Close to Nature, Closer to the Culture As the entryway to the magnificent Kenting National Park one of Taiwan's seven national parks Hengchun often houses more tourists than locals. Sung Tze-lai, a

25 respected Chinese writer, composed a poem in 1981 dedicated to the place's beauty, entitled If You Should Come to Hengchun. He writes: If you should come to Hengchun Make sure to see it in the rain Or watch the sailboats as they float along the water If you should come to Hengchun Make sure to see the sunset When the clouds over the water look like fine red powder If you should come to Hengchun Make sure to see it in good weather When the fog covering the mountains looks like a bridal veil Actually anytime is a good time to come to Hengchun Singing its praises makes your heart feel light No one appreciates the Hengchun area better than Jack Wu, general manager of the grand Caesar Park Hotel in Kenting. Having lived in the area for several years, Wu said the beaches of Kenting have often masked other splendors of Hengchun, creating an illusion that summertime is the only suitable time to visit. In fact, there is something for everyone in the Hengchun area, with cultural, historical and ecological wonders, all year long, Wu highlighted. Before entering Hengchun, let's start our trip by exploring the nature surrounding in Checheng township bordering Hengchun's northern area to see the respected Fuan Temple. 24. Fuan Temple A 15-minute drive from the hot spring area is Taiwan's largest temple devoted to the God of Land, or Earth God, Checheng's Fuan Temple. Built more than 300 years ago during the Guangsyu reign, the impressive temple is gold and red, splendidly decorated with intricate stone carvings. Two Chinese stone lions welcome me outside the temple, adding gravity to the scene.

26 The Earth God's formal Chinese name is Fudezhengshen, meaning the Earth God of Wealth and Merit. The God's close relationship to people is reflected by his common name Tu Di Gong gong is a reference to a grandfather figure. Often found in small shrines or under main altars, he is traditionally worshiped before the burial of a loved one, to give thanks for receiving the dead as they return to the land. Caesar Park Hotel's tour guide Chen Jing-shan pointed out a special feature of the temple when we were there: the golden censer, designed to whisk stacks of the paper offering money straight into the furnace using wind from the chimney and surrounding windows, appearing as if little invisible fairies are collecting them. Reminiscing the vibrant, romantic sunset view outside my Caesar Park Hotel room, it's unbelievable how such different beauties can be experienced within the same region. Way Up High in Taipei So where is the coolest part of town nowadays? The answer is one of the last places in Taipei City to be developed: the Xinyi District. Perhaps the high real estate prices of this mid-western part of the city aren't enough to convince you how popular the area is. Take a trip down there and see for yourself the district is packed with financial buildings, one-after-another shopping malls, as well as Taipei World Trade 25. Center. Oh yeah, and it's also in the shadow of the grand Taipei 101, the city's No. 1 landmark since a decade ago. Nevertheless, Xinyi isn't just another developed corner; it symbolizes the progress of modern Taiwan. Before embarking on the journey towards the futuristic Taipei, let's stop by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Memorial Hall to reflect on his contribution towards the making of Taiwan. Paying Respects to Dr. Sun Yat-sen In commemoration of the country's Father Dr. Sun Yat-sen's incomparable dedication to revolutionary activities that transformed the history of Republic of China, the memorial hall was built in 1972, after six years of drafting and careful planning.

27 Not only did the beautiful monument honor the nation's founder, but it also added culture and an artistic touch to the area. It's also an additional perfect place to spend a leisurely afternoon. The majestic, solemn structure with a golden-orange roof spread so wide like a big birds' wings, which reminded me of a phoenix, was based on renowned architect Wang Da-hung's design, later modified by former President Chiang Kai Shek with Chinese architectural elements. The hall, committed to promote Dr. Sun Yat-sen's many philosophies, prolongs the Three Principles of the People Nationalism, Democracy and Livelihood; the aim is to integrate his beliefs with contemporary Chinese culture. It is also an educational and cultural arts center where various exhibitions and performances take place. I attended a concert in the national performance hall and clearly remember being bowled over by the space's dimension and the traditional Chinese ambiance. The hall's also internationally renowned for its combination of elegance and practicality, with innovative projection and audiovisual systems. There is also a shallow pond in the area, adding colors to a lush park with its pink lotuses and reflecting the sky and clouds. Turtles paddling around the pond or resting on rocks make the environment even more inviting. Now let's move forward towards the 21st century of Taipei via the Taipei City Hall direction. The Celebrity Structure 26. Without a doubt, Taipei 101 is the island's must-visit site, especially the Taipei 101 Observatory. In 2004, Taipei 101, the pride of Taiwan, became the world's tallest building standing at 508 meters, until Burj Dubai (opening January 2010) topped its height at 818 meters. Nonetheless, I was overwhelmed by the structure's countless amazing attributes. As I walk closer and closer to the building, my neck gets sorer and sorer. It's hard to believe that something so tall and stylishly stunning was built by men. The tower combines the centuries-year-old Chinese wisdom of feng shui with innovative design

28 and advanced construction. Shaped like a bamboo with eight units of eight floors each, the edifice stands for growth (bamboo) and prosperity (the number eight). Situated on the skyscraper's 89th floor, the observatory sits at 382 meters above ground, offering visitors a 360-degree view of the city. The floor is clean and spacious, with audio guides available in eight languages, including English, Japanese, French and Spanish. Besides a delightful must-have-in-all-tourist-traps souvenir shop, the floor also houses the highest mailbox, where visitors can send off postcards to family and friends.

How to use the resources in this course to learn Chinese How to use the resources in this course to teach Chinese 练习本教师使用指南練習本教師使用指南

Acknowledgments Introduction 引言引言 How to use the resources in this course to learn Chinese How to use the resources in this course to teach Chinese 练习本教师使用指南練習本教師使用指南 List of abbreviations xiii xv xvii