BOL 1 - BASICS OF LANGUAGE - ENGLISH DRAFT FOR PUBLICATION MAY 9, 2007

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1 CRE - CREATIVE RELAXATION EXERCISE BOL 1 - BASICS OF LANGUAGE - ENGLISH DRAFT FOR PUBLICATION MAY 9, 2007 Dr. Bob Boland & Team MD, MPH, DBA, ITP (Harvard) KEY CONCEPT: "WHEN you create new POSITIVE wave patterns in YOUR mind, they give you the CONFIDENCE to RELAX and ABSORB the new language, naturally without EFFORT" Source: R. M. Oxtoby and C. Kemp Audio: 30 minutes - freely available from: Help: robertboland@wanadoo.fr Copyright: RGAB/2007/1 ISBN All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher.

2 Preface BOL 450 means Basics of Language using 450 words. The same basic words are used for each language, thereby providing a simple foundation for accelerated learning of several languages. Learning a new language is often a trying experience. The authors of the BOL 450 system believe, however, that these difficulties are greatly aggravated by placing too much emphasis on grammar, thereby discouraging the student and inhibiting him from speaking the language. By contrast, BOL 450 is designed to stress the essential ingredient in learning a new language: the confidence to communicate! BOL 450 is an English-based multi-language learning system in which the student develops confidence in speaking and reading a new language with an acceptable accent and correct expression, to the stage where he reaches the threshold of the language : i.e. the ability to use the language itself to ask questions about it. At all stages the programme attempts to maintain a balance between correct language and learner difficulties. One or two trivial inaccuracies may therefore exist, but these have been retained as their correction would involve detailed explanation and would confuse the learner unnecessarily to the extent that he might give up all hope and discontinue his studies. After all, what is correct in language? Can the-full cultural meaning of any important sentence be exactly translated into another language without a compromise? Every natural speaker of a language tends to feel that he knows what is correct

3 and normal in the language, but others of course do not agree! The natural speaker often fails completely to really identify with the beginner or to understand the beginner s problems before he reaches the crucial threshold. You will find the BOL 450 system generally simple and readily understandable. Initially you may experience a little difficulty in understanding what the figures mean, but once you have the feel of them there should be no problems. However, it is of the utmost importance that you follow the suggestions on How to use the programme very carefully. Try not to allow your learning to be blocked at any stage by worrying excessively about minor errors and difficulties recognize them, but concentrate on your main objective: Personal language confidence for practical and effective communication. Aptitude for learning a new language varies from person to person. Most will find that they have learnt sufficient from a thorough first time through the course to enable them to proceed to the next stage: that of enlarging their vocabulary and knowledge of the language through speaking it and asking questions about it. Others may find that they do not have quite as much confidence as they might like. They are urged to work through the course a second time, after which they should find themselves at the threshold of a new language and a new, exciting experience. After all, one cannot expect to begin learning to speak a new language from a dictionary! How to use this programme This is an experimental programme in applying a fairly new technique to the problem of learning a new language. The authors would appreciate comments from both teachers and others who use the programme, in order to improve the design of later editions. Purpose This programme is designed to enable you to teach yourself the basic 450 word vocabulary and the structure of a new language. It is not a grammar book but an aid to the understanding of existing books. The programme leads you from simple to more complex language in a gradual fashion. If you are completely unfamiliar with the new language you will not be able to understand the latter parts of the book until you have understood what comes before. The programme is like a ladder and the parts of the programme are like the rungs of a ladder. You cannot reach the top of the ladder unless you have first used all the lower rungs. If there are several rungs missing in the ladder, it is not only very difficult to reach the top but the ladder also becomes unstable. The same things apply to your knowledge and skills in the new language. Contents The course is divided into ten sections: Introduction, Social, Things, Time and Numbers, Travel, Food, Business, Family and Weather, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, and finally, Management and Marriage. Each section contains one to three sets; each set contains about twenty new word pictures. These are followed by twenty questions which systematically present and use the new words, and also demand a written response from you. You should initially work with a friend who speaks the language. Alternatively a cassette tape is available to provide exercise in Listening and Repeating the new language. It helps you pronounce words correctly, so that all your study may be done aloud. The main programme is preceded by Throat and Structural Exercises which are designed to get your

4 throat accustomed to the new language. At the back of the book is: 1. A quiz which can be used as learning pre-test, and post-test before and after the programme to provide a rough measure of the knowledge acquired. 2. A summary of the 450 words by section. 3. A brief grammatical summary. 4. A glossary of words in alphabetical order for occasional use. (Do not use it often... get into the habit of successfully guessing the meaning of new words from the pictures provided.) Technique The following technique is used in writing the programme: 1. The number of dashed lines gives some indication of the number of words needed for a correct response (... is one word, is two words). 2. An acceptable answer to a question is the correct answer shown or any reasonable synonym. You are the judge! Study routine Complete the programme quickly, recording the actual times taken on the Progress Work Sheet: 1. Review and Pre-Test Review all the materials generally and then try the quiz and check the answers. 2. Exercise: Listening and Repeating Work with a friend or get the cassette tape. Concentrate on listening carefully to words and phrases and repeating exactly what you hear. Do not read the words, or worry about their meaning at this stage. 3. Throat and Structural Exercises - Read, listen and repeat many times, until pronuncaition comes naturally. 4. Programme for each section - See below. 5. Word summary and Grammatical summary Study generally after section five, and study in detail after section ten. 6. Post-test Complete the quiz and check with the answers.... and then continue your learning by practical conversation, a good grammar book of the new language and more advanced materials Programme for each section Work quickly through the following steps for each section: 1. Read from the word pictures, and repeat the new words. Guess the meaning of each new word and repeat it many times while acting out the word. 2. Do the Programme aloud. Read each question in turn and write in the book the responses for the missing words. Work quickly and if any response is not immediately obvious to you, then write in the correct answer supplied on the right-hand side. 3. Check each response with the correct answer. Tick it and go on to the next question. 4. At the end of the section, study the word pictures again. Repeat the section if you feel it necessary. 5. Then, repeat aloud at high speed the previous section before starting the next section. This frequent repetition reinforces your learning and improves your pronunciation. Sequence Each question must be answered in turn. The sequence has been carefully designed to introduce new knowledge and to reinforce old knowledge. Do not skip questions. Any apparent repetitions are there for a good reason. Avoid careless answers. If you begin to make mistakes because you are tired, and have not read the text carefully, take a rest. If you continually miss one particular point, go back to the section in which it first appeared and do that section again. Occasionally use the glossary to help you where necessary.

5 Generally The BOL 450 Programme is designed to be most effective when the learner works: 1. Aloud (talking, shouting, chanting, whispering, ; singing, etc.). 2. Quickly (don t wait to understand every frame first time). 3. Very actively using Total Body Simulation Technique to reinforce every word and phrase (i.e. communicate with the whole body). 4. With improvisation (using questions to develop new phrases and names which involve things of interest to the learner and his group). 5. In a congenial, motivated small group which provides mutual help. 6. With frequent very high speed repetition of all previous sections before the next set is attempted. 7. To complete his own two-way dictionaries as new words are absorbed in each section.... in a learning environment of semi-continuous music and colloquial language, to condition the learner to listen to the music, mode, tone, and rhythm of the language. Now begin with the Pre-test and then do the exercise Listening and Repeating with a friend or the cassette tape alone (i.e. don t read)... on we go together... 2

6 Progress Work sheet Estimated Actual time time Activity (minutes) (minutes) Review 45 Exercise Listening and Repeating 90 Throat and Structural Exercises 25 Section 1 Introduction 45 Section 2 Social 45 Section 3 Things 45 Section 4 Time and Numbers 60 Section 5 Travel 60 Section 6 Food 45 Section 7 Business 30 Section 8 Family and Weather 45 Section 9 Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow 60 Section 10 Management and Marriage 30 Word Summary and Grammatical Summary 45 Post-Test 30 Total Minutes (excluding repetition time) 700 Note: The author would be pleased to receive the information outlined above and other comments from any serious student who is interested in research into the effectiveness of programme learning. The English-based BOL 450 Multi-language Learning System is also to be made available in: German French Arabic Persian 3

7 Throat and structural exercises First: Repeat these exercises very slowly to develop comet pronunciation. Then: Repeat them quickly many times until you can complete them in about five minutes, To exercise the throat: To exercise basic language structures: This that these He has how Who but best If of for hours Plane please road rail Wrong life wife knife Tough rough enough Enough is enough 1. To illustrate subject and object a) I drink the water b) You drink if (the water) c) He cats the bread d) She eats it (the bread) 2. To illustrate noun classes and plurals a) The man eats the bread b) The woman eats the bread c) The men drink the water d) The women drink the water 3. To illustrate definite and indefinite articles a) The man drinks water b) The man drinks some water c) The man wants a room d) The man wants the room 4. To illustrate demonstrative pronouns a) This man wants the room b) That man wants the room c) The woman wants this bread d) The woman wants that bread 5. To illustrate adjectives a) The good man eats the bread b) The bud man cats the bread c) The good woman cats the good bread d) The bad woman eats the bad bread 6. To illustrate possessive pronouns and possession a) The woman eats my bread b) My woman eats my bread c) The man s woman eats his bread d) John s woman eats her bread 7. To illustrate it is and there is a) There is bread b) It is here c) There is a man d) It is good e) It is necessary that you... f) It is necessary that I... g) It is important that To illustrate the present tense a) I eat b) I do not eat c) I am eating d) I am not eating e) You eat the bread f) You do not eat the bread g) You eat it (the bread) h) You do not eat it (the bread) 4

8 9. To illustrate the past tense a) I was eating b) I was not eating c) I have eaten d) I have not eaten e) You ate the bread f) You did not eat the bread g) You have eaten it (the bread) h) You have not eaten it (the bread) 10. To illustrate the future tense a) I will eat b) I will not eat c) You will eat the bread d) You will not eat the bread e) You will eat it (the bread) f) You will not eat it (the bread) 11. To illustrate adverbs a) The man eats in the room b) The man eats now c) The man eats quickly d) The man eats with a spoon 12. To illustrate to be a) I am a man b) I am not a man c) You are here d) You are not here e) You are in the room f) You are not in the room 13. To illustrate to have a) I have the bread b) I do not have the bread c) You have it (the bread) d) You do not have it (the water) 14. To illustrate the passive tense a) The man eats the bread b) The bread is eaten by the man c) The woman wants the water d) The water is wanted by the woman 15. To illustrate relative pronouns a) The man who is here b) The man with whom I eat c) The man whom I want d) The bread which 1 eat 16. To illustrate everyone a) Everyone is here b) Everyone eats bread c) Everyone says that d) Everyone goes there 17. To illustrate interrogations a) Who is the man? b) What is it? c) Where is it? d) How much is the bread? 18. To illustrate must a) I must have it b) You must go c) Everyone must eat d) Everyone must not go 19. To illustrate want a) I want some bread b) You want the room c) I want to eat d) You want some 20. To illustrate positive and negative a) Yes b) No c) Definitely d) Absolutely not 5C

9 1. Introduction Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 7

10 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 8

11 Section 1 Introduction Programmed instruction Part A I. I am. I am John.... am John. I... John. I am.... You. You are. You are Jane.... are Jane. You... Jane. Your are.... I am John and you are Jane. I am John... you are Jane. I and you = we. You and I = am John and... are Jane. We are John... Jane John and Jane. I am John. Am I John? Yes, I am , I am John. I am John. Am I Jane? No, I am not , I am not Jane. No, I am... Jane. You are Jane. Are you Jane?..., you are Jane. Yes, Jane. You are Jane. Are you John? No, You are... John...., you are not John John and you are Jane. Are we John and Jane? Yes, John and Jane. He. He is. He is John.... is John. He... John. He is.... I am John You are Jane and we I, you and We are John Yes Jane No not Yes you are not No I am we are He is John 9

12 She. She is. She is Jane.... is Jane. She is.... He is John. Is he John? Yes, John...., he is John. She is Jane. Is she Jane? Yes, Jane...., she is Jane. He is John and she is Jane. Is he Jane? No, he is... Jane.... is John. Is she John?..., she is not John.... is Jane. He is John and you are Jane. You are John... Jane. He and you = you You and he = John and Jane. He is John and she is Jane. They are John... Jane. He and she = they She and he = John and Jane. It. It is. It is here.... is here. It... here. It is.... Is it here? Yes, it is.... It is not here. It is there. Is it here? No, it is... here. It is... Is it there? Yes, it is.... John and Jane are not here. Are John and Jane here?..., John and Jane are not here. No, they are not..... She is Jane he is Yes she is Yes not, He No, She and you You are and they They are It is here here not, there there No here

13 Are John and Jane here? No, they are... here. They... there. They are are there. Is it here? No, not here.... is there. Is it there? Yes, there. not are there They it is, It it is 11

14 Section I Introduction Programmed instruction Part B Hello John.... Jane. Hello. How are you? I am well, thank you. Hello Jane you? I am well, thank... Hello John.... Jane. How are you? I am..., thank you. How are...? well, thank you. Good morning, John , John. How... you? I am well, Good evening, John , Jane.... are you? I... well, thank you. John? John? How are...? Are you...? No, Jane. No, I... not well. Oh? Are... not well? No.... am not well. Jane is well.... Jane well?..., she is well. Is John well? No, he is... well. Hello, John and Jane.... are you? We... well,... you. Oh? Is John well?..., John is well... Jane is well....,... are well. John is a man. Is John a man? Yes, John is a.... He is a Mr. John is a man and a.... Hello How are you Hello well, you I am Good morning are thank you Good evening How am you, well am you I Is Yes not How are, thank Yes, and Yes, we man Mr

15 Is Jane a man? No, Jane is not a man. She is a.... Jane is a.... Miss is a woman. Mrs is... woman. Mrs is not a man,... is a woman. Miss is not a man,... is a woman.... is a man. John is a... and... Mr. Is Jane a woman? Yes, she is a... and a Miss. Mrs is a woman and... is a woman. Goodnight Jane.... John. I have some wine Have I some wine? Yes, some wine Please have some... You have a room Have you a room? Yes, a room. I have... wine and you have a room. We have some wine and a.... Have we some wine and a room? Yes some wine and a room. Goodnight. Oh? He has some wine and you have... room. You have some wine and a... Have you some wine and a room? Yes, some wine and a room.... night. He has some... and she has... room. They have... wine and a room. Have they some wine and a room? Yes, some wine... a room some wine and a room. Good.... The wine is here. Please have some wine. Here is... wine.... have some wine. Oh? Thank you. The wine is there.... have some wine. There is... wine. Please... some wine.... you. Goodbye John. Goodbye Jane John and Jane. woman woman a Mrs Miss Mr man, a woman Miss Goodnight I have wine you have some room we have a room you have Good wine, a some they have, and He has, she has night the, Please Please the, have Thank Goodbye 13

16 2 Social Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 14

17 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 15

18 Section 2 Social Programmed instruction Part A John is here. How many are here? One. Jane is here. How... are here? One. John and Jane are here. How many are here? Two. Jane and John are.... How many... here? Two. How many?... One and one (more) is two. One and zero is one. Zero and one is.... How many? One. One and one (more) is... Two and... is two.... many? Two. Two and one (more) is three. How many? Three.... and two (more) is three. Three... zero is three. Zero and... is three ? Three. Zero, one,..., three. Two and two (more) is four. How many?... One and three (more) is.... Four less three is one. Four less one is.... Three and one (...) is four. Four... one is three. Four and one (more) is five. Four and... is four. How...? Four. Three and two (more) is..... Five less two is.... Zero,..., two, three, four. Five and one (more) is six. Six less one is five. Six... two is four. Six and one (...) is seven. Seven less... is one. Seven and... is seven. Five and two (more) is.... Seven and one (more) is eight. How many is seven and one (more)?... Eight less... is zero. Eight is four. Five and two (more) is.... How... is eight less two?... One, two, three, four,..., six,..., eight. many here, are Two one two zero, How One and three, How many two Four four three more less zero, many five three one less more six zero seven Eight eight less four seven many, Six five, seven

19 Eight and one (more) is nine. Six less one is... Five and four (more) is... How many is nine less two?... Nine and one (...) is ten.... many?... Ten less four is less one is eight. Eight and two more is... How many is ten less two?... How many is three and six (more)?... Three and six (more) and one (more) is... Ten less ten is... Zero, one, two,...,..., five six,...,..., nine, ten. Hello John. Are you hungry? Hello Jane. Yes, I am.... Have you food? No, I have no... John. Are you happy? No, Jane, I am... happy. I am hungry. I have some bread, John. Is bread food? Yes,... is food. It is food. Are you hungry? Yes I am... Here is the... Thank you. Hello John. How are you? I am thirsty. Oh? Thirsty? Yes, I am.... Have you some wine? Yes I have some.... Have you more wine? No, I have no... wine. Have you money? Yes, I have some.... I have some dollars. I am tired. Do you have a room? Yes, I... a... I am hungry. Do you have food? Yes,... have some.... John? Yes Jane? Is the room near? Yes, the room is.... It is.... Tired? Yes I am.... Has the room a bed? Yes it has two... (s) Happy? Yes, I am.... five nine Seven more, How, ten six Nine ten Eight Nine ten zero three, four seven, eight hungry food not bread hungry bread thirsty wine more money have, room I, food near, near tired bed (s) happy 17

20 John? Yes Jane? Do you have money?... Jane, I have.... How many dollars have you John? I have ten..., Jane. Are you happy, John? Yes, Jane. I am.... I have ten... and I have you. One,..., three,..., five,..., seven,..., nine,.... Are you tired Jane? Yes, I am.... Here is the room and there is the bed. The room is... and the... is there. Are you thirsty? Yes, I am.... Here is... wine. John has a room, wine, food, money and Jane. John is happy. Jane has John. She is.... John... Jane are happy. Yes, money dollars happy, dollars two, four, six eight, ten tired here, bed thirsty some (the) happy and

21 Section 2 Social Programmed instruction Part B John is here. Who is here?... is here. Jane is there.... is there? Jane is there. John is here. Where is John? John is.... Jane is there.... is Jane? Jane is there. This is the food. Where is the...? The food is here. This is the food. That is the wine.... is the wine? The wine is there. That is the wine. The food is... and the wine is is the food and... is the wine. Who is this?... is John. Who is that?... is Jane. John is here.... is John? John is here. He is here. Jane is there.... is Jane? Jane is there. She is.... John is here.... is here? John. John is here. Jane is there.... is there? Jane, Jane is there. What is this? This... the food. What is that?... is the wine. This is the food and that is the wine.... is this? This is the food.... is that? That is the wine. John Who here Where food Where here, there This, that This That Where Where there Who Who is That What What 19

22 Are you hungry? Yes, I am... I want some food. Who has the food? John has... food. Do you want some food? Yes, I am hungry and I... some food. Are you thirsty? Yes, I am.... I want some wine. I am thirsty and I... some wine. Please give me some wine. John wants some wine. Jane gives the wine. She... it. John takes the wine. He... it. Jane wants some food. John gives the food. He... it. Jane takes the food. She... it. You are hungry. Here is some bread. It is food... take this bread. Thank you. Jane is hungry. Jane wants some food. She... some food. John gives Jane some food. Jane takes the food. She... the food. Jane eats the food. She is hungry and she... the food. John is thirsty. He wants some wine. Jane gives John some wine. She... it. John takes the wine and drinks it. He... it and... it. This food is good. It is not bad. I am happy. That food is bad. It is not.... It is.... I am not.... Is this wine good? No, Sir, it is not.... It is bad. This wine is bad. Is that wine good? Yes, Sir, it is good. It is not.... That wine is good. How much is this wine? One dollar, Sir is that wine? Six dollars,.... This wine is cheap. That wine is not.... This wine is not good. It is not.... That wine is.... It is not bad. hungry the want thirsty want gives takes gives takes Please wants takes eats gives takes, drinks good, bad happy good bad How much Sir cheap bad good

23 How... is this wine? One dollar, Sir. It is cheap is that wine? Six..., Sir. It is not.... How... is this food? Three dollars,.... It is good food. I am tired. I want to sleep. Oh? Do you? Yes, I am tired and I want to.... This bed is for me. Do you want to sleep? No, I am... tired and I do not want to.... This bed is not... me. You are hungry. This food is for you. Do you want to... this food.? Yes, I do. I am thirsty. This wine is... me. Do I want to... this wine? Yes, I.... I am tired. This bed is for I want to sleep. Yes, I.... I travel to Paris. You... to Bonn. We... to Europe. We are tired. We... to sleep. He travels to London. She... (s) to Cambridge. They travel to England. They are.... They want... sleep. What do I want to eat? I want to... bread. This bread is for.... Where do I travel to? I... to London. This is John and that is Jane. Who is there? John and.... much How much dollars, cheap much Sir sleep not, sleep for eat for drink, do me Do, do travel travel want travel (s) tired, to eat, me travel Jane 21

24 3 Things Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 22

25 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 23

26 Section 3 Things Programmed instruction Part A Are you hungry? Yes, I am.... Do you want a biscuit? Yes, please. I want a.... Here is a.... Thank you. There is the table. Is the table here? No, the... is there. Is that the table? Yes,... is the table. The biscuit is on the table. I want a biscuit. Where is the biscuit? It is... the table. Here is... biscuit. It is on the.... Put the biscuit on the table. Do you want a biscuit? No, I do not... a.... Please... it... the table. What is that on the table? It is a biscuit.... is it?... is a biscuit. Are you hungry? Yes, I am.... Please take the biscuit. Please... it. John puts the biscuit on the table. He... it on the table. He is not hungry. Jane takes the biscuit from the table. She is hungry. She... it... the table. John puts the biscuit... the table and Jane takes it... the table. Here is a chair. The... is here. Where is the chair? It is here. The... is here. The chair is beside the table. Where is the chair? The chair is... the table. It is beside the.... A book is under the table. What is under the table? A... is under the table. hungry biscuit biscuit table that on, the table want, biscuit put, on What It hungry take puts takes from on, from chair chair beside, table book 24

27 Where is the book? The book is under the table. It is... the table. The chair is beside the table and the... is under the table. Where is the chair? The... is beside the table. What is beside the table? The chair is... the table. Where is the book? The book is under the table. What is under the table? The book is... the table. Please put the... on the table, John. The table is white and the book is black. Please put the... book on the... table. On the table? Yes,... it on the table. Do it, John. Does he put the book on the table? Yes, he.... Is the book black? Yes, the book is... and the table is... What colour is the book? It is black. The book is.... What colour is the table? It is white. The table is.... What... is the chair? It is white. The... is white. Where is the book?... is it? It is on the table. John... it on the table. What colour is the book? What... is it? It is black. Who put it on the table? John put it... the table. Jane, please take the book from the table and... it to me. What... is the book? It is black. Where is the book? It is on the.... Please take the book... the table and give it... me. That black thing is on the table. What is that black thing? That black... is a book. That white thing is beside the table. What is... the table? That white... is beside the table. The chair is... the table. under book chair beside under book black, white put does black, white black white colour chair Where put colour on give colour table from, to thing beside thing, beside 25

28 A biscuit is a thing. A chair and a table are.... Wine is a..., and bread is a thing. Is colour a thing? No,... is not a thing. John is here and Jane is there. John is in front of Jane. He is her. Jane is behind John. She is... him. He is her and she is... him. The bread and the wine are on the table. The food is... the.... The bread is in... of the wine, and the wine is... the bread. John wants some food and wine. I have some food. Come to me, John. I have food.... to me. Jane has some wine. Go to Jane, John. She has some wine.... to Jane. I come from London. You go... London. He comes... Moscow. They... to Moscow. Do you come from Paris? No, I... from London. I go... Brussels. She... from Rome. things, thing colour in front of behind in front of, behind on, table front, behind Come Go to from, go come to, comes 26

29 Section 3 Things Programmed instruction Part B I give the book to John. John gives the money to me. I give the book to Jane. Jane gives the... to.... You give the table to John. John gives the chair to you. You... the table... Jane. Jane gives the chair He gives the food to John. John gives the wine to him. Please give the food to Jane. He gives the... to Jane and Jane gives the wine to.... She gives the thing to John. John gives the dollars to her. To her? Yes, to... She gives the... to John. John gives the dollars to.... We give the chair to you. Please give the money to us. We... the table to you.... give the dollars to.... You are John and Jane. I give you the book. The book is black. It is.... I give... the black.... They give us wine. Give the food to them. To them? Yes, to.... No, do... give it to us. Give it to.... Here is the book. Give it to John, or Jane. This book is one thing. It is... thing. Give it to John... Jane. Give some to her. Give... some. Give some to him. Give... some. Give some to them. Give... some. John is happy because he has money. Why... John happy? He is... because... has money. Jane is happy because John gives her a book.... is Jane happy? She is happy... John gives... a book. money, me give, to to you. food, him her thing her give Please, us black, you, book them not them one, or her him them is, happy, he Why, because, her 27

30 This woman is small and that man is big. She is... and he is... Is John small or...? He is big. Is Jane... or big? She is small. A man (or a woman) is small... big. He (or she) is not small and.... A small man... (is/is not) a big man. Big is not.... Why is he not a big man?...? He is not a big man... he is a... man. There are many things. There are big things and small.... There... black things and white things. There are big men and small.... There are... things. I want something. What do you want? I want.... Do you want a room? No... do not want a.... I... a table or a chair. Is a table something? Yes, a table is... Is a chair something? Yes, a... is... Good morning. Good..., Sir. I want some food to eat and some wine to.... There is no food and no... here, Sir. There is nothing here. Do not come here,.... There is... here. Thank you. Goodbye..., Sir. Good evening, John , Jane. Can I get you anything, John? Yes, I am thirsty. Please give me something to.... I am.... Here is some wine. Thank..., Jane. Can I... you...? Yes, please give me... to eat. I am hungry. I want to.... Here is a biscuit. Thank you. Good night, John , Jane. There is a woman. Look at that woman. Look... her. And here is a man.... at this man. Look... him. small, big big small or big is not small, Why because, small things, are men many something I, room, want something chair, something morning drink wine Sir nothing Goodbye Good evening drink, thirsty you, get, anything something eat Goodnight at Look, at 28

31 Where is the money? The... is not here. There is nothing here. Look for the money it. It is not here. There is... here. There it is! It is... the table, near the book. It is... the book. Are you happy now? Yes, I am happy.... John is happy now because he has the money.... is John happy? He is happy has the money now. Is the money here? No, John... the money.... Please get us some food. Here is the money. Are you hungry? Yes, we... hungry. Please... us some food to eat. Are you thirsty? Yes, we are.... Please something to drink. money Look for nothing on, near now Why because he has, now are, get thirsty, get us 29

32 4 Time and numbers Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 30

33 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 31

34 Section 4 Time and numbers Programmed instruction Part A Hello, Jane...., John. What time is it? It is ten (10) o clock. Is it nine (9) o clock? No, it is not nine (9).... It is... o clock. Good morning, Jane.... morning, John. What... is it? It is seven (7) o clock. Oh? It is early. Yes, seven (7)... is early. Good morning , Sir.... time is it? It is eight (8) o clock. You are early. Eight (8) o clock is.... Ten (10)... is not early. It is late. Eight (8) o clock comes before ten (10) o clock. Ten (10) o clock comes after eight (8).... Eight (8) o clock is early. It is not late. Ten (10) o clock... not early. It is.... Ten (10) o clock comes... eight (8) o clock and eight (8) o clock comes... ten (10) o clock. Good morning, John , Jane, How... you? I am well, thank you.... are you? well, What time......? It is ten (10) o clock. It is late. It is not.... Morning comes before afternoon. Afternoon... before evening. Evening comes... night. Night comes after.... We have morning,..., evening and.... It is afternoon now. What... is it? It is one (1) o clock. It is... now. One (1) o clock? I want something to eat. Do you have... to eat? Yes. I have something to.... Here is some bread. Eat this.... Hello o clock, ten (10) Good time o clock Good morning What early o clock o clock is, late after before Good morning are How I am, thank you, is it early comes before evening afternoon, night time afternoon something eat bread 32

35 Afternoon comes after morning and evening comes... afternoon. Here are John and Jane. Good evening, John and Jane We are tired. Have you a bed for us? Yes, I have a... for you. This bed is...you. It is for.... Thank you. We want to sleep on this bed.... bed is good. Good night , John and Jane. It is not afternoon now. It is not evening... and not night now. It is.... Nice day? Yes, it is a I am happy. Why are you happy? I am happy... it is a... day. There are seven (7) days in one (1) week. We have... days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Wednesday comes before Thursday and after Tuesday.... comes before Saturday and after Thursday. Tuesday comes... Wednesday. Tuesday comes after.... Saturday comes... Friday. We have; Monday,..., Wednesday,..., Friday,... and Sunday. Today comes before tomorrow, and after yesterday. Today = Tuesday. Yesterday =.... Tomorrow =.... Today = Thursday. Yesterday = = Friday. What day is it today?... is Sunday. What time is it? It is nine (9) o clock. It is night. Is it late? Yes, it is.... It is... o clock. Seven (7)... = one (1) week Four (4) weeks = one (1) month Today comes after yesterday.... comes before today. after Good evening bed for, you This Good night now, it is morning nice day because, nice seven (7) Friday before Monday after Tuesday, Thursday Saturday Monday Wednesday Wednesday Tomorrow Today late, nine (9) days Yesterday 33

36 Monday comes... Sunday and before.... Saturday comes before... and after.... Seven (7) days = one (1).... Four (4) weeks = one (1).... There are twelve (12) months in one (1) year. How many months are there in one (1)...? There are twelve (12)... in one (1) year weeks are there in one (1) month? There are four (4)... in one (1) month, and seven (7)... in one (1) week. One (1) day = twenty-four (24) hours How many hours are there in one (1) day? There are twenty-four (24)... in... day. One (1) hour = sixty (60) minutes How many minutes are there in one (1) hour? There are sixty (60)... in one (1).... Sixty (60)... = one (1) hour Twenty-four (24)... = one (1) day Seven (7) days = one (1)... Four (4) weeks = one (1)... Twelve (12) months = one (1)... One quarter (¼) of an hour = fifteen (15) minutes. One... (½) of an hour = two quarters of an hour = thirty (30) minutes. Three... (¾) of an hour = forty-five (45).... after, Tuesday Sunday, Friday week month year months How many weeks days hours, one (1) minutes, hour minutes hours week month year half quarters, minutes 18. We have: one (1) o clock, quarter (¼) after one (1), half (½) after one (1), three quarters (¾) after one (1) (or quarter to two), and two (2) o clock. We have: three (3) o clock,...after three (3), one half (½) after..., three (3)... after three (3), (quarter [¼] to four [4]), and...o clock. one quarter (¼) three (3), three quarters (¾) four (4) Is one quarter (¼) after seven (7) before one half (½) after seven (7)? Yes, quarter (¼)... seven (7) is before... after seven (7). One (1) hour after seven (7) o clock is eight (8).... One (1)... before ten (10) o clock is nine (9) o clock. One half (½) hour after is... after nine (9). One quarter (¼) hour after that is after nine (9) (or a quarter to ten (10)). after, half (½) o clock hour half (½) three quarters(¾) 34

37 Section 4 Time and numbers Programmed instruction Part B This is a big table. How much for this... table. One hundred (100) dollars, Sir.... much? One (1)... dollars, Sir. No, that is too much. One hundred (100) dollars is for that table. One hundred (100) dollars is a lot of money. Two (2) dollars is not a... of money. Is two (2) dollars a lot of...? No,... dollars is not a... of money. One (1)... dollars is a lot of money. How... for that small table? Fifty (50) dollars, Sir.... dollars? That is good. That is a nice chair for that... chair? Twenty (20) dollars, Sir. Twenty (20)...? Yes. Sir,... dollars. That is not too much. It is cheap. Twenty (20) dollars for that chair is.... Jane, you spend too.... No, John, I do not... too much. I save a lot. Do you... a lot? Yes, John, I save a..... Jane, you do not save a lot. You save a little. You...a lot and... a little. Is one hundred (100) dollars a lot? Yes, it is a.... Is ten (10) dollars a little? Yes, it is a.... Ten (10) and one (1) (more) is eleven (11).... less one (1) is ten (10). Ten (10) and two (2) (more) is twelve (12). Eleven (11) and one (1) (more) is.... Twelve (12)... two (2) is ten (10). Twelve (12) less one (1) is.... Twelve (12) less seven (7) is.... big How hundred (100) too much lot money two (2), lot hundred (100) much fifty (50) How much, nice dollars twenty (20) cheap much spend save lot spend, save lot little eleven (11) twelve (12) less eleven (11) five (5) 35

38 Now we count from one (1) to six (6)..... two (2), three (3), four (4)....,.... Good. That is.... Now we... from seven (7) to twelve (12). Seven (7), eight (8),..., ten (10)...., x 2 = 20 Ten (10) multiplied by two (2) is twenty (20). 10 x 3 = 30 Ten (10) three (3) is thirty (30). 10 x 4 = 40 Ten (10) multiplied by... is forty (40) = divided by five (5) is ten (10) = 10 Sixty (60) six (6) is ten (10). 7 x 10 = 70 Seven (7)... by ten (10) is seventy (70) = 10 Eighty (80)... by eight (8) is ten (10). 9 x 10 = multiplied by ten (10) is ninety (90). We... now from ten (10) to one hundred (100). Ten (10).... (20).... (30).... (40) fifty (50).... (60),... (70).... (80).... (90), one hundred (100). How many months in a year? There are... months in a year: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. February comes before March and after.... March comes after... and before April. April comes after.... March comes before.... June comes before July and after.... July comes after.... Every year has twelve (12) months. The year 1976 has... months. The has twelve months. The year twelve months.... year has twelve months. A year always has twelve months. There are twelve months in every year. There are seven days in... week. A week... has seven days. A year... has twelve months. one (1), five, six (6) good count nine (9), eleven (11), twelve (12) multiplied by four (4) fifty (50) divided by multiplied divided nine (9) count twenty, thirty, forty sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety twelve (12) January February March April May June twelve (12) year has Every every always always 36

39 June comes before.... July comes before... and after June.... comes before October. September comes after August and before.... December comes before January and after comes after November. A year is a long time. A minute is not a... time. I go to London for a year. It is a... time. You... to Paris for ten months. It is a long.... March 18th is John and Jane s anniversary. March 18th, 1976 is John and Jane s th, 1977 is John and Jane s anniversary. March 18th every year is John and Jane s.... March 18th is... John and Jane s anniversary. I want to sleep. I do not sleep.... do you not sleep? Because there is too much noise. I do not sleep... there is too much.... Do you want anything? Do I want...? Yes, I want to sleep. I do not want too much.... Why do you want to...? Because I am.... Hello, John...., Jane. Have you a little time, John? Yes, Jane. I have a... time. What do you want? I want you, John. It is March 18th. It is John and Jane s.... I come in the morning. You come in the.... We... in the... and go in the evening. I... in the evening. You go in the.... After evening comes the.... July August September October November December long long go time anniversary March anniversary always Why because, noise anything noise sleep tired Hello little anniversary morning come, morning go evening night 37

40 5 Travel Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 38

41 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 39

42 Summary Part C Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 40

43 Section 5 Travel Programmed instruction Part A We are in London. I am going to Oxford. Where are you...? I... going to Oxford. You are going to Paris.... are you going? To Paris. It is a short journey from London to Oxford. It is a long... from London to Paris. I am going on a long journey. Where are you...? I am going on a long... from London to Moscow. From London... Moscow? That is a... journey. They are going on a short.... Where are... going? They are going on a... journey... Antwerp to Brussels. She is going from Munich to Bonn. That is a short.... Yes, it is a... journey. Is she going by car or by train? She is going by train. She is not going by does not have a car. She is going by.... By train? Yes, by.... Do you drive a car? Yes, I do... a car. Do you go by car? No, I do not go by.... I... not have a car..... am going by taxi. By taxi? Yes, by.... Do you have money for the.... Yes, I have eight dollars. That is too much. Eight dollars is I have no car and there is no taxi. Have you no...? No, I... no car. Is there no taxi? No,... is no.... Here is a bus. I go by bus. I travel by.... Do you have money... the bus? Yes, I have one dollar. That is little. Yes, it is... It is cheap to travel by.... It is not... to... by train. going am Where journey going journey to, long journey they short, from journey short car She train train drive car do, I taxi taxi too much car have there, taxi bus for little, bus cheap, travel 41

44 A car travels on the road. A bus and a taxi travel on the.... A man or a woman drives a car on the road. A man or a woman... a taxi on the road. A man or a... drives a bus... the road. A car is not cheap. A taxi is not.... Travelling by bus is.... Why is that? Because many men and women travel on the.... What time......? It is seven o clock. I go to the station. I go by train, and the train is at the do you go the station? I go to the... because the... is at the station and I go by.... The train goes from the station and arrives at the.... The plane... from an airport and... at an airport. Does the train go from an airport? No, the plane goes from the.... The train does not go from the.... It goes from the.... We are going by plane. We travel to the... by car or taxi or bus. Do we travel to the airport by car? Yes, I... the car to the airport. It is a... (short/long) journey. I drive the car on the... to the drives the car? I... the car. Is this the road to the airport? Yes, this is the... to the airport. Here is a map. Look at the map.... at it. There is the.. to the airport. It is on the.... Look... the map. Now we drive to the airport. It is a short.... There is the airport and there is the... at the airport. John and Jane arrive at the airport. They.... at the airport. John likes to travel by plane. Jane... to travel by.... They... to travel by plane. road drives woman, on cheap cheap bus is it station Why station, train train station goes, arrives airport airport station airport drive short road, airport Who, drive road Look, road map, at journey plane arrive likes, plane like 42

45 John has the tickets for the plane. Do you have the... for the plane, John? Yes, Jane, I do have the.... John, please find a porter. A...? Yes, a porter to carry the luggage. Please... a porter. Jane wants to find a... to... the luggage. Where is the luggage? The... is here. Where is a porter? There is a.... Porter, Please carry this luggage. What luggage? This.... Please... this.... Have you got the tickets? Please find the..., John. Yes, here are the..., Jane. Have you got the map? Please find the.... Please... it. Here is the..., John. Have you got the luggage? Please... the luggage. Yes, here is the.... We have the tickets, the... and the luggage. What... is it?... is the time? It is four o clock. Where is the plane? I know there is a plane at four o clock. Do you..., John? Do...? Yes, I do... there is a plane... four o clock. Oh? Where is the plane? There is the...!... it is. John and Jane are on the plane. John... happy because he likes to travel and he loves Jane. Jane is happy because she... to travel and she... John. I love you, John. I... you, Jane. John loves Jane and Jane... John. Do you know I love you, John? Yes, I... you... me, Jane. Do you know I love you, Jane? Yes, John, I... you love.... Is it cheap to... by plane, John? No, Jane, it is not cheap.... much to travel by plane, John? Many dollars, Jane. Many dollars? Yes, Jane,.... dollars tickets tickets porter find porter, carry luggage porter luggage, carry, luggage tickets tickets map, find map find luggage map time, What know, you know, at plane, There is likes, loves love loves know, love know, me travel How many 43

46 Section 5 Travel Programmed instruction Part B When you are hungry, eat. When you are thirsty, you are tired, sleep. When you travel take a passport. What do I... when I travel? I take a.... When you arrive, the police want a passport. Who wants a...? The... want a passport. What do the... want? They want a.... The... want a new passport, not an old passport. They do not want an... passport, they want a... passport. Do you have a new passport? No, I have an old.... Do not travel. The... want a new passport...you arrive. When you..., the customs look at the luggage. Who......the luggage? The... look at the luggage. A porter will... the luggage. The... will look at it. The... at the airport want the passport. Here it is. No, no, Sir, this is not a... passport. It is an... passport. Oh? Where is the... passport? Oh yes, it is in the luggage. Now the customs have the luggage. I want to get the passport from the.... The police do not want me to go to the... before they have the passport. What do I do? When you travel, always take a... with you. Do not put it in the luggage.... take it with you. Do you sometimes travel without a passport? No, I never travel... a passport. I always travel... it,... without it. drink When take passport passport police police passport police old new passport police, when arrive look at customs carry customs police new old new luggage customs passport Always without with, never 44

47 When I go to Tokyo, I... (always/never) take the plane. I... take the car. I sometimes take Jane... me. Do you always take Jane with...? No, not.... I sometimes take Jane with me.... I take her. I... take the car. This is a good hotel. It has a restaurant and a bar. This hotel has a... and a.... It is a good.... We eat in the restaurant and drink in the bar. Where do we eat? In the.... Where do we drink? In the.... I want a room with a bath. I like to have a...every day. It is nice to have a room with a... This is a good.... It has many... with a bath. Do you always have a room... a bath. No, I... have a room... a bath. Is this a good restaurant? Does it have good food? Yes,... is a good.... It has good.... It is good to....here. And the bar? Does the... have good drinks? Yes, the... has good drinks. I like beds, baths and restaurants. I... (always/never)sleep in a bed. I sometimes sleep in the.... I never sleep in a.... The porter of the hotel carries the luggage for me. He wants money for the service he gives me. He... the luggage and he gets money. He gets a tip. A... is the money I give him for the... he gives me. For good service I give a big.... When I have lots of money do I give big tips?..., people with a lot of money do not give big.... That is why they have a lot of...! I like this hotel. It is good.... It is a nice place. The porters are friendly. Are the porters... Jane? Yes, John, the porters are friendly. They give good.... It is a nice.... always never with you always Sometimes never restaurant, bar hotel restaurant bar bath bath hotel, rooms with sometimes, without this, restaurant, food eat bar bar always bath restaurant carries tip service tip No!, tips money hotel friendly service place 45

48 Make the porter come here, John. Can you... the porter come here? Yes, I... make the porter come here. I can give him a big tip. The restaurant has food and wine. When I eat in a restaurant I buy the food. I... the food and I get a bill. The... is for the food I buy. I eat food in a restaurant. Do I buy the food there? Yes, you... it there. Do I make the food there? No, you do not... the food there. In a restaurant they make the food, and you... it and eat it. Do they make good food in this restaurant? Yes, they... good food in this restaurant. It is a nice.... They are friendly and the food is good. Is it cheap? No, it is not cheap. The bill is big. The food is not cheap and the wine is not.... The... is big. After the restaurant they go to bed. Do they go to sleep? John goes to... but Jane cannot sleep. John is tired. He can sleep. Jane...not tired. she cannot sleep. She reads a book. make can buy bill buy make buy make place cheap bill sleep is 46

49 Section 5 Travel Programmed instruction Part C There is an accident. John is in that.... Is Jane in the accident? No, Jane is not in the.... Find a doctor quickly for John. John is in an.... Can you find a doctor? Please... a doctor.... Here is a doctor. The... can help John. John wants help. The... can... John. Does the doctor help John? Yes, the... does... John. He takes him quickly to the hospital. Where does... take John? He takes... to the.... Can the doctor help John? Yes, the doctor... help John. There are many people at the hospital. Are there... people at the hospital? Yes, there are many... at the hospital. Do the people help? Yes, the... do help. They are helpful people. The people come quickly to help John. They are... people. Can John walk? No, John cannot.... It is not possible for John to walk. He cannot do anything. There is nothing he can do. He cannot do... He can do.... John, can I help you? No, Jane, you cannot do.... There is... you can do. The doctor can help, and the people here are friendly and.... Does the doctor help? Yes, the... does.... Can you walk now, John? I cannot walk alone, Jane. I can... with help. Will you... me to walk please. Yes, John, you cannot walk.... I will help you to.... accident accident accident find, quickly doctor doctor, help doctor, help he, him, hospital can many people people helpful walk anything, nothing anything nothing helpful doctor, help walk, help alone walk 47

50 Do you have many friends in the hospital, John? Yes, Jane, I have many... in the... The people here are friendly. They are...people. Yes, I have many... here. Do you like the people here, John? Yes, Jane, I do... the... here. Is the hospital a good place to meet people? Yes, the... is a good... to... people. I... many nice, friendly, helpful people here. The people here are..., friendly and.... Can you count the number of good friends you have here, John? Yes, I can... how many I have here. I have six. Six? Yes, I have... good... in this.... They are new friends, not... friends;... friends. Do you speak English to the people here? Yes, I do... English to the... here. When I do not... quickly it is easy. When I speak... it is not.... It is not possible for me to speak English.... Not possible? No, Jane it is not.... Do people mind when you do not speak quickly? No, people do not... when I do not... quickly. They are friendly and helpful. They do not... when I do not... quickly. Lots of people here speak English. I speak English. You speak.... He speaks English. They speak.... Do we... English? Yes, we.... It is not easy to speak a new language? No, a new... is not... to speak. It is not... to speak a new.... Hello, hello, hello! I am the man in the programme. Now you speak English. I can speak with you. Do you like the programme?...! When Jane comes I am not alone. Am I...? When Jane comes I am not.... I want to speak to Jane and say: I love you. What do you want to... to Jane? I want to...: `I love you. friends, hospital friendly friends like, people hospital, place, meet meet nice, helpful count, good friends six, friends, hospital old, new speak, people speak quickly, easy quickly possible mind, speak mind speak English English speak, do language, easy easy, language Yes, (If you say no, I don t like you)! alone, alone say say 48

51 There are lots of people here. How many?.... There are... of people here. Jane is not here. Jane comes later. When does Jane come?.... She comes.... I want to speak English. It is not an easy.... What is not an... language? English.... is not an easy.... Here are Jane and the doctor. Now I can go from the hospital. Now it is... for me to go. I can go... the hospital. There are lots of things I want to say. I want to of things. There is no time to say them. No time?..., there is no.... Goodbye and thank..., Doctor. Come, Jane. We can go. Lots, lots Later, later language easy English, language possible from say lots No, time you 49

52 6 Food Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 50

53 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 51

54 Section 6 Food Programmed instruction Part A What is the time? It is seven o clock in the morning. I am hungry. I want breakfast. Do you want...? Yes, I am hungry. I want.... It is cold today. I want a hot breakfast. When it is... I like a hot breakfast. Can you cook breakfast? Yes, I can... breakfast. In the morning I like to have a good.... In the early afternoon we have lunch. At one o clock I like to have... in a good restaurant. I like a plate of hot meat and vegetables and no soup. I always have meat and... on a plate. Wine at one o clock is not good for me. It makes me sleep. With my lunch I drink coffee. Too much... is not good for me, but... makes me sleep. Do you drink wine or coffee with lunch? I drink coffee with.... In a restaurant a waiter serves the food. Who... the food? A.... What does the... do? The waiter... the food. When the service is good I give the waiter a.... Sometimes I have a snack before meals. I am not greedy but I like food and sometimes I have.... Four o clock is a good time for a snack. It is tea time. At four o clock I have... and a.... At night we have dinner. At... I like to have... with Jane. Jane cooks a good.... We have soup because Jane and I like.... I like hot soup and Jane likes... soup. If the... is not hot it is cold. After soup we have fish on a plate. I have fish on a hot.... Jane has... on a hot plate. Jane and I like.... We have fish for.... After the fish we have a nice plate of meat and vegetables. Breakfast, breakfast cold cook breakfast lunch vegetables coffee, wine lunch serves waiter waiter serves tip snacks tea, snack night, dinner dinner soup hot soup plate fish fish, dinner 52

55 Do you like meat and vegetables? Yes, I do like... and.... I eat a lot of... and vegetables. Sometimes I have... and... for lunch and for dinner. After meat and... we have a sweet. The sweet comes after... and vegetables. Ice-cream is a sweet. I like... for a sweet. We do not have ice-cream on a hot plate. Ice-cream is.... After the... we have tea or coffee. Do you want sugar in your tea? Yes, please. I like sweet tea. I put... in the... with a spoon. Do you want more... in your tea? No, thank you. The tea is... now. Do you enjoy a good meal? Yes, I do... a good.... We eat ice-cream with a spoon, and meat and vegetables with a knife and fork. We eat fish with a... and.... Do we put... in tea with a fork? No, we put sugar in... or coffee with a.... He is fat. He eats too much. He is greedy. He is not.... He is thin. He does not eat too much. He is not.... She is.... She eats too much. She is greedy. She is not fat. She is.... She does not eat She is not.... You are not fat. You are.... You do not eat You are not.... John, please come and have dinner with me tonight. I can... a good meal.... you, Jane. I... a good meal. Here is the soup. Do you like...? Yes, I like.... Please give me a spoon. A...? Yes, a.... I do not eat soup with fingers. Do you? No, I do not eat soup with...! Have some fish now. No, thank you, Jane. I do not want... tonight. Oh? Here is a hot... for the meat and vegetables. Why is the plate...? Because it is for... and vegetables. meat, vegetables meat meat, vegetables vegetables meat ice-cream cold sweet sugar, tea sugar sweet enjoy, meal knife, fork sugar tea, spoon fat greedy fat thin, too much greedy thin too much, greedy cook Thank, enjoy soup soup spoon, spoon fingers fish plate hot meat 53

56 Here is some red wine to drink with the meat. Is it white wine? No, it is... wine. Good. I like... wine with red meat. Please give me a knife and fork. Here is a... and.... Thank you, Jane. Do you enjoy the meal, John? Yes, I do... the..., Jane. I am hungry. I did not have a snack this afternoon. I had tea but no.... Will you have some ice-cream? It is cold and it is sweet. Yes, please, I like... that is... and.... Do I eat the... with fingers, Jane? No, John! Do not eat with.... Here is a spoon. Please give me some coffee, Jane. Some...? Yes, some... please. With sugar? Yes, with... please. I like two spoons of sugar in my coffee. Two...? Yes, two... please Thank you for that meal, Jane. It was a good.... You... a good meal. Good night, John , Jane. red red knife, fork enjoy, meal snack ice-cream, cold, sweet ice-cream fingers coffee coffee sugar spoons spoons meal, cook Good night 54

57 Section 6 Food Programmed instruction Part B There is a stool in the room. A man sits on the... in the room. Who... on the stool? A man... on the... in the room. Is there anybody in the room? Yes, there is somebody in the room. A man sits on the stool in the.... Is... there? Yes,... is there. A man is there. Does anybody want to sit on this stool? Yes, I do. I am tired. I want to... on that.... Does... want to sit on this chair? No, nobody wants to... on that.... Does anybody want to? No,... wants to. We drink wine from a glass and tea from a cup. Have a... of wine? Thank you, I like a... of wine. Have a... of tea? Thank you, I like a... of tea. Do we drink coffee from a... or a cup? We drink... from a cup. I want a cup of tea but there is no clean cup. I am sorry. Here is a clean cup. This cup is not.... It is dirty. On? Is it...? Yes, it is.... It is not... and this glass is not clean. This cup and this glass are not.... They are.... I eat my dinner. This is... dinner. You eat your breakfast. That is... breakfast. This is his food. It is... food. That is her bread. It is Please give that map to me. It is You can have that bed. It is He can have that book. It is She can have that car. It is John has a clean cup and Jane has a dirty glass.... cup is clean and... glass is dirty. You have a big ice-cream and I have a small ice-cream.... ice-cream is big and... ice-cream is small. stool sits sits, stool room anybody somebody sit, stool someone (anybody) sit, chair nobody glass glass cup cup glass coffee clean dirty dirty, clean clean dirty my your his her bread my map your bed his book her car His, her Your, my 55

58 If the plate is hot, then it is not cold. If the cup is clean,... it is not dirty.... the passport is new, then it is not.... If we begin to eat our dinner at seven (7) o clock we will finish at nine (9) o clock. If we... at seven (7) we will... at nine (9). Jane wants to begin to eat her dinner. She must wait because it is not time for John to come. Why must she...? She must... because John is not here. John is here now. Now they can... to eat. Must Jane wait? No, Jane can begin to eat.... John wait? No, John can... to eat. It is not polite for Jane to eat before John comes. It is not... for John to eat before Jane comes. If Jane is not there, John does not begin to eat. He is.... If John is not there, Jane does not... to eat. She is.... This is our room. We have this room. It is... room. John and Jane, this is your bed. You have this bed. It is... bed. John and Jane have this car. This is their car. It is... car. A man sits on the stool. He falls off. The stool was too small. Why does he fall off? He because the stool is too small. A woman sits on the stool. She does not Why does she not fall off? She does not because she is small. That man must sit on a chair. He is too big to sit on the.... Is the stool big enough for him? No, it is not big... for.... The woman can sit on the stool. It is big enough for her. Is it big... for her? Yes, it is big... for.... Is the stool big enough for anybody? Yes, the stool is big enough for somebody. It is big enough for.... then If, old begin, finish wait wait begin Must begin polite polite begin polite our your their falls off fall off fall off stool enough, him enough enough, her somebody 56

59 It is big... for that woman. Does... want to sit on that stool? No, nobody wants to... on that... now.... wants to sit on it. Is this our luggage? No, this is not... luggage. It is their luggage, and that is... taxi. John and Jane, where are the tickets for the plane? Have you got... tickets? Yes, thank you, we have got John, you must finish your breakfast quickly. Why... John... his breakfast quickly? John must... his breakfast quickly because he and Jane are.... Today is Monday. Yesterday was... and... is Tuesday. John is always late on Monday. He does not like.... He is... late on Monday. John must wait for Jane. Who... John wait for? He must Jane. Why... he wait for Jane? He must wait for Jane... she wants to go with.... enough anybody sit, stool Nobody our their your our tickets must, finish finish late Sunday tomorrow Monday always must wait for must because, him 57

60 7 Business Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 58

61 Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 59

62 Section 7 Business Programmed Instruction I write a letter. You write a.... You... me a letter and I read it. You... me a... and I... the letter. In business we write a lot of letters. Many... are written in.... In... we must read many letters. In business we have to... too many letters. It is not easy to write a letter but it is easy to... a letter. If we do not want to write a letter, then we use the telephone. Is it cheaper to use the... than to write a letter? No, it is not cheaper to use the..., but it is easy. I sell things to you and you buy them from me. I... and you.... When we buy and sell we make a contract. A letter is sometimes a... to... and.... When you get a letter, read it carefully. When you get a contract, read it more.... You have to do things... in business. When a contract is for a lot of money, it is an important.... An... contract is for a... of money. It is an important.... You must read an... contract.... You must read an important... carefully because there may be a mistake in it. A mistake is something bad.... are bad. When we sell we make sales. When we buy we have cost. A contract may be for sales or cost. It may be for... or.... Read the contract... because there may be a... in the.... In business we buy and sell to make a profit. We buy and... in business to make a.... When we sell we make sales. When we... we have cost. letter write write, letter, read letters, business business read read telephone telephone sell, buy contract, buy, sell carefully carefully contract important, lot contract important, carefully contract mistakes sales, cost carefully mistake, contract sell, profit buy 60

63 In business a contract is for sales or.... We read it... to find the.... Mistakes are bad. If there is a mistake in the contract, it is... that we find it. Hello, hello, hello. Are you a little tired? Don t stop now. You finish in about fifteen (15) minutes and can have some coffee then. In the balance sheet of a business we have assets and liabilities. We have... and... in the of a business. Things that we have are assets. Money that we must give to people are our liabilities. We have assets in the... sheet and we have liabilities in the balance..... We have our... and... in the balance sheet. Assets less liabilities = owner s equity = assets less liabilities. Assets = liabilities Are liabilities in the... sheet? Yes, they are and... are in the balance.... Cash is money we have. It is money in the bank.... is money we have in the.... Debtors is money that we get later.... pay money to the business. Cash is an... (asst/liability) and... is an asset. A creditor gets money from the business. Someone who gets money from the business. is a.... Is a creditor an asset? No, a... is a liability. Is a debtor an asset? Yes, a... is an asset.... are assets and creditors are.... Inventory is things we have to sell.... is an asset. Inventory,... and debtors are all assets. Money to be paid by... is an asset. Money to be paid to... is a liability. Assets, liabilities and owner s equity are all in the... sheet of a.... cost carefully, mistakes important assets, liabilities, balance sheet balance sheet assets, liabilities owner s equity owner s equity balance assets, sheet Cash, bank Debtors asset, debtors creditors creditors debtor Debtors, liabilities Inventory cash debtors creditors balance, business 61

64 Sales less cost = profit. Profit + cost =.... If sales are more than cost, we have a.... If... are less than cost, we have a loss. Is a loss good? No, no, no. A... is bad. We do not like to have a.... We like to have a.... Costs of a business are overheads. Every business always has.... The things a business makes are products. If a business has many products, it has overheads. Cost of a product are Overheads + labour + material. Labour is people and material is things. Labour is the cost of people and... is the cost of things. Cost = overheads material. Sales less costs = profit. Costs =... + labour Profit = sales less overheads and... and.... If overheads are high and sales are low, profits are.... If overheads are low and sales are high, profits are.... The income statement shows costs,... and profit. The statement of income is the... statement. The assets, liabilities and owner s... are in the... sheet. The..., sales and profit are in the... statement. The financial statements of a business are the balance sheet and the Is the balance sheet a financial statement? Yes, it is a... statement. Is the income statement a... statement? Yes, it is. 103 (one hundred and three) is about 100 (hundred). 97 (ninety-seven) is (hundred). If sales are 101 (one hundred and one) and costs are 49 (forty-nine), profit is (fifty). If sales are high and costs are low. profits are.... If sales are low and costs are high, profits are.... We sell our products to the customer. When products are cheap, the... buys a lot. When our... are too dear, the customer does not buy. The customer is intelligent. He does not buy a... if it is too.... He does... when it is cheap. sales profit sales loss, loss profit overheads material labour overheads, material labour, material low high sales income equity, balance costs, income income statement financial financial about about high low customer products product, dear, buy 62

65 If we are honest, we work a lot to make a profit. An... businessman works a lot to... a profit. He sells his products to intelligent... who know what to buy. Are customers intelligent? Yes, customers are.... In business we work to make profits. Must the businessman work? Yes, he must... a lot to make a..... The customer is... and does not buy if the product is not good and if it is too.... A good businessman is honest. Is an... man a good businessman? No, in business it is not enough to be.... You must be honest and..., and work a lot. honest, make customers intelligent work, profit intelligent dear honest honest, careful 63

66 8 Family and weather Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 64

67 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 65

68 Section 8 Family and weather Programmed instruction Part A In a family there are a husband and a wife and a child (or more than one (1) child). There are a husband and a... and a child in a.... The wife is the mother of the child. The husband is the father of the.... The wife is the... and the... is the father of the child. The mother and the... of the child are the parents of the.... The... is the father and the wife is the.... The mother and father are the... of the child. The husband and wife are married. They are.... They are Mr and Mrs. They have two (2) children, a girl and a boy. The boy is the son of his parents. He is a boy. He is the.... The girl is the daughter of the parents. She is a girl. She is the.... There are two (2) children. One (1) is a... and one (1) is a.... The boy is the brother of the girl. The girl is the sister of the boy. The boy is a... and the girl is a.... John and Jane are married. They are husband and.... They have two (2) children, a boy and a.... The boy is their... and the girl is their.... Jane is the mother and John is the.... They are the.... John and Jane are.... They are young. John s mother is Jane s mother-in-law. She is not young. She is old. John s father is Jane s father-in-law. He is not young. He is.... Jane s mother is John s mother-in-law. She is not.... She is old. Jane s father is John s father-in-law. He is not.... He is.... John does not like his mother-in-law. When she comes to stay, John is generally not happy. Sometimes he is happy but... he is not happy. He does not want his... to come and.... wife, family child mother, husband father child husband, mother parents married son daughter boy girl brother sister wife girl son, daughter father parents married old young young, old generally mother-in-law, stay 66

69 Jane does not like John s father. She does not like her.... When he comes to..., Jane is generally not happy. Sometimes she is happy but... she is not. When he comes the children generally fight. When children fight they are terrible. I do not like children when they.... They are.... Terrible, worse, worst. Our children are terrible. Your children are.... Their... are.... Choose your friends carefully. You must... your friends carefully. Some friends are good. Some are.... His friends are.... Her friends are.... father-in-law stay generally fight terrible worse, children, worst choose terrible worse, worst 67

70 Section 8 Family and weather Programmed instruction Part B Today it is cold and it is raining. It is not hot today. It is... and it is.... Do you like the rain? No, I do not like the.... It is generally... when it is raining. What is the weather like today? It is cold and it is.... The... is not nice today. I do not want to go to work this morning. When it is raining I do not want to go to.... When it is raining things get wet. The cars get wet, the road gets..., and the people get.... In winter we get a lot of rain. There are many clouds in the sky. The rain comes from the clouds. Where does the rain come from? The... comes from the.... Where are the clouds? The... are in the.... Do we get a lot of rain in winter? Yes, we do... a lot of rain in.... Do you like the rain? No, I do not... the.... Do you like winter? No, I do not like.... In winter it is cold, in summer it is hot. In winter there is a lot of rain, in... there is a lot of sun. In summer the weather is good. There is a lot of.... In winter the... is bad. There is a lot of.... When it is not raining, the weather is fine. Either the weather is wet or it is.... Either the weather is good... it is bad.... it is summer or it is winter. When the weather is fine, the roads are dry. When the... is wet, the roads get wet. The roads are... when the weather is fine and... when the weather is wet. In summer the sun is hot, the weather is fine and the roads are dry. In winter the roads are generally not....they are wet. The sky is black because there are... in the... and it rains. In winter we sometimes have fog. The children walk in the.... They do not go by car cold, raining rain cold raining weather work wet wet rain, clouds clouds, sky get, winter like, rain winter summer sun weather, rain fine or Either weather fine wet dry, clouds sky fog 68

71 because it is not possible to see. It is not possible to... in the.... I like to be in the sun. I like the... weather. The children like to be in the..., not in the fog. We don t get.... in the hot days of.... When it is raining the children stay in. The... stay in when it is raining. Then they are terrible and they fight. Their mother hates it when the children fight. She... it. She wants to beat them. Why does the mother want to... her children? She wants to... her children because they.... My children are learning to read books. My son is... to read books. Who is learning? My... is learning and my daughter is... to read books. The boy hides his sister s book. Who... his sister s book? The boy hides his... book. He is lucky because his father does not beat him. Why is he...? Because his father does not The father speaks to the.... The boy must... the book. He is... because his... does not beat him. The sister complaints because the boy hides the book. Does the boy... the book? Yes, he does... the.... Does his sister complain? Yes, she does.... She... a lot. The boy must look for the book. What must he look...? He must the book. The boy s sister hates him. Why does she... him? Because he... her book. Here is the book. Do you see, sister? Do you...? The sister... the book. She is happy now. see, fog fine sun fog, summer children hates beat beat, fight learning son, learning hides sister s lucky beat him boy find lucky, father hide hide, book complain, complains for look for hate hides see sees 69

72 9 Yesterday, today and tomorrow Summary Part A Key to tenses -Past tense -Present tense -Future tense 70

73 Summary Part B Key to tenses -Past tense -Present tense -Future tense 71

74 Section 9 Yesterday, today and tomorrow Programmed instruction Part A Where are we? We are in Moscow. Are we really in Moscow? Yes, we... are in Moscow. We... are. Do you really know where the hotel is? Actually I do! Can you... speak Russian? Yes,... I can... speak Russian! Yesterday I was in Paris.... I am in Moscow. Tomorrow I shall be in Stockholm. Yesterday is in the past. It is in the.... Today is in the present. It is in the.... Tomorrow is in the future. It is in the.... I was is in the past tense. I am is in the... tense. I will be is in the future tense. Actually we have two past tenses. Really? Yes, we have: I was and I have been. We have two... tenses. We have: I was here yesterday and I always have been here. I am here today. I was here.... I always here and I will be here tomorrow. I... friendly today. I... friendly yesterday. I always have been..., and I friendly tomorrow. Oh, there you are! I was looking for you....? Yes, looking for you. Here is your book. Thank you. Today is Wednesday. I was here on Tuesday and I here on Thursday. I... here now. I here for a long time. I have, I have had, I will have. I have a lot of work to do today. A lot of...? Yes, I... a lot of work to... today, and I a lot to do tomorrow. really, really really actually, really Today past present future present past yesterday have been am, was friendly, will be Really I was will be am, have been work have, do will have 72

75 I... a lot of work to do yesterday. I have had a lot of work to do for a long time now. Actually I always a lot of work to do. I go, I have gone, I went, I will go. I... to work today. It is Monday. Tomorrow is Tuesday and I to work then. I... to work last Monday.... I always to work on a Monday. I do, I have done, I did, I will do. I... my work quickly and I... my work quickly in the future. I... my work quickly last week and actually I always my work.... I love, I have loved, I loved, I will love. I... Jane now and I her in the future. I... Jane last year and actually I always her. Now we can speak in the past.... Yesterday we could not, but now we.... We have learnt a lot, and will finish before too long. We will... before too.... had have had go will go went Actually, have gone do, will do did have done, quickly love, will love loved have loved tense can finish, long 73

76 Section 9 Yesterday, today and tomorrow Programmed instruction Part B I am here = I m here. You are there = you re there. We are in the room = we re in the.... They are married = they re.... Where are you, John? I m here, Jane. Near the car. Where?... the car.... here. I m here and you re there. Where are we?... here and... there. In English we sometimes do not say: We are coming. We say: We re coming. Who is coming?... coming. They are married and we are good friends. Who are married?... married and... good friends. I wasn t at the accident and he wasn t there. Were you there? No, I.... Was he there? No, he.... You weren t in the room and they weren t in the room. Was anybody there? No, nobody was there. You... in the room and they... in the room.... was there. I can t come because I haven t got money. Why... you come? Because I... got money. Have you got some money? No, I.... I don t want to go to bed. I won t go to bed! You must be tired. I m not tired and I... want to go to bed. I... go to bed! It isn t time to go to work, is it? No, it... time to go to work. room married Near, I m I m, you re We re They re, we re wasn t wasn t weren t weren t, Nobody can t haven t haven t don t won t isn t 74

77 What was that noise? It wasn t anything. There was no.... It... anything. Either the business will make a profit or it won t.... a profit or a loss? Yes. Either a profit... a loss. Will the business make a profit? No, it.... I am speaking. Are you listening? Please listen when I speak. When I speak, you... When you..., I listen. Yes, I I m listening. You You re speaking. I am looking at Jane. I at her. I m looking at Jane because I love.... I am doing it with Jane. Why? I it with Jane because she loves me. I hope that you will be happy. What are you hoping? I know. You that we will be happy. John, why are you talking? I m talking because I like to talk and Jane is listening. John is and Jane That food you are eating looks good. What food? That food that you It is good. I am here. Where are you? I I m here. When are you going? I now. I m going now. Are you walking? Yes, I m walking. Are......? Yes, I m walking too. It is friendly to walk with you. noise wasn t Either or won t listen speak am listening are speaking am looking her am doing are hoping is talking, is listening are eating am here am going you walking 75

78 10 Managers and marriage Summary Part A Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 76

79 Summary Part B Code 1 Pronouns 4 Other 2 Nouns 5 Verbs 3 Adjectives & Adverbs 6 Time & Numbers 77

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