positive forms: use the verb without an ending: I work in a nice office. My colleagues usually help me with my presentations.

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1 PRESENT SIMPLE Use: to talk about things which always true/states/facts/ things that true for a long time The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. My pnts live in Pula. to talk about habits and things that happen repeatedly/regularly It rains very often here. She always gets up early, around 6 o'clock. for thoughts and feelings I like this car. I think it's very luxurious. for future: to talk about timetables/programmes/dates The train leaves at 6.00 tomorrow morning. Next Friday is the thirteenth. The meeting starts at half past seven. What time does r flight leave? Forms: positive forms: use the verb without an ending: I work in a nice office. My colleagues usually help me with my presentations. in the 3rd person singular (he /she / it) add the ending s / -es (after-s, - sh, -ch, -x and! goes, does has) teaches, fixes, washes, passes verbs ending in y: no change after vowel+-y (says, plays, buys, enjoys) after consonant+-y: -y = -ies ( carry - carries, try - tries, fly - flies, study - studies) verb be: negative form: I am we he/she/it is they I am we n't / n't / n't / he/she/it isn't / is they n't /

2 negative forms: use do / don't + verb We don't live far away. I don't drink coffee. I don't need any help with this assignment. for 3rd person sg. (he/she/it) use does / doesn't + verb (no endings!) She doesn't like fast food. My boss doesn't use public transport. questions: use do + verb or (3rd person sg.) does + verb (no endings!) Do live here? Yes I do. / No, I don't. Does she work for Google? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. verb be: no auxiliary (do/does) Are hungry? Is he on holiday? What model is r smartphone? Where is the nest hotel? questions with a question word: What do do in r free time? How often do go on holiday? Where does he live? How many employees does he have? Why don't like chocolate? some Present Simple markers: always, never, very often, on Fridays, every day/week/year, sometimes, usually, from time to time, rly, often, hardly ever

3 PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE) Use: for things that happening now / around now I can't answer the phone right now, I'm working. Look It's raining again! My sister is living with me this month because her flat is being renovated. for situations / states that changing or in progress Our summers getting hotter. The number of cars on the road is increasing. for future: to talk about future arrangements Are doing anything this weekend? Sarah is getting married in June. I'm going to London next Friday. Forms: am / is / / + verb ing I'm looking for a new flat at the moment. We're preparing a presentation on Croatian tourism for next Friday. Tom is going to the cinema this evening. negative form: I am/ I'm -ing / n't -ing he/she/it is / isn't -ing we//they / n't -ing

4 My computer isn't working! Can help me? I'm doing anything this evening so we can go out if want. We n't learning about marketing at the moment. questions: Am I -ing? Are /we/they -ing? Is he/she/it -ing? Is it raining outside? Yes, it is, / No, it isn't. What doing at the moment? -ing forms spelling: for most verbs and after y just add ing (going, being, working, studying ) verbs ending in e: delete e + -ing (make making, come coming, hope hoping, write - writing ) -ie changes to y + -ing (lie lying, die dying) doubling: short verbs (one syllable) ending in one vowel + one consonant (stopping, getting, putting, running, swimming, hitting, shopping ) also: begin beginning, forget forgetting, refer referring, prefer preferring, travel -travelling (BrE) state verbs usually used in the continuous form mental/thinking verbs: agree, believe, know, remember, think, understand attitude verbs: hate, love, like, mind, need, prefer, want, wish sense/perception verbs: hear, recognise, see, smell, taste being/possession: be, belong, contain, have, own appearance/qualities: appear, look (=seem), seem, sound other verbs: cost, depend, fit, matter, mean, owe

5 some Present continuous markers: today, now, right now, at the moment, this week, these days, just now, this afternoon Reference books used: Swan, M., Walter, C.: The Good Grammar Book, Oxford University Press 2001 Dignen, S., Viney, B. et al: Grammar Practice for Intermediate Students 3rd Ed., Pearson Education Ltd Eastwood, J.: Oxford Practice Grammar Intermediate, Oxford University Press 2008 Swan, M., Walter, C.: Oxford English Grammar Course Intermediate, Oxford University Press 2011