Writing Shakespearean Sonnets: A How-To Guide

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Oscar Moore
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1 Writing Shakespearean Sonnets: A How-To Guide

2 What are Sonnets in a nutshell? 14 lines of poetry that have 3 quatrains, 1 couplet done in the meter of iambic pentameter and the rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG Quatrain= A stanza of four lines, esp. one having alternate rhymes. Couplet=Two lines of verse in same meter, and same rhyme.

Iambic Pentameter= Ten syllables in each line Five pairs of alternating

3 Meter=distance on a line (foot) and stressed or unstressed syllables (Rhythm). What is Iambic Pentameter? Iambic Pentameter= Ten syllables in each line Five pairs of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables. The rhythm in each line sounds like: ba-bum / ba-bum / ba-bum / ba-bum / ba-bum

4 The man who writes a good love sonnet needs not only to be enamored of a woman, but also to be enamored of the sonnet. ~C.S. Lewis~

5 Sonnet 73 That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Death's second self, that seals up all in rest. In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the death-bed whereon it must expire Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by. This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long.

6 On first glance, this might just seem like a longer regular old poem, but we would be doing the sonnet a great injustice if we thought that. The sonnet is actually a carefully crafted argument that builds in a very particular way. Let s take a look at the format of a sonnet and use Shakespeare s Sonnet 73 as an example of how each section functions. Once you understand how each section of a sonnet is supposed to work, you will be able to write one on your own!

7 Quatrain #1: These four lines introduce the main metaphor and theme of the sonnet. That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. Here, we find out that this poem is about a man who s growing old. He s comparing his life to the changing of the seasons. The year is coming to a close as fall slowly gives way to winter, and so too is his life. In the first line he makes it clear that he is addressing another person, as he uses the word thou. This is the first stage of the sonnet s argument.

8 Quatrain #2: The metaphor and the theme are continued and a creative illustration is usually given to further the ideas of the first quatrain. In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Death's second self, that seals up all in rest. We see the same theme continued here, only now the man has shifted from comparing himself to the end of the year to the end of a day. He has narrowed down his argument from a year to a day. This makes the poem seem more urgent because days pass much more quickly than years do. Narrowing with images is always the second quatrain.

9 Quatrain #3: Here, one of two things occurs: the metaphor is extended (refined by something), or a twist or conflict is brought into the sonnet, known as the peripeteia, or the Volta. This turn is vital and must be in the sonnet, though some writers prefer to place this in the closing couplet. In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the death-bed whereon it must expire Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by. Here, the argument continues and the metaphor shifts to something even more fleeting than a day a dying fire. What is the volta/ peripeteia here; It is introduced but focused on in the last two lines, as a couplet. See if you can guess?

10 Couplet: These two lines summarize the entire sonnet and give the reader something new to think about. They often act as the thesis of the poem. This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long. Here, Shakespeare stops the metaphors. The speaker explains that the reason the other person loves him so strongly is because he/she knows that the speaker will soon die. They must experience all the passion they can now, before he passes away. This acts as the thesis because he states that their love is strong, and uses the first three quatrains to tell us why metaphorically their love is strong.

11 Now that you know all the different sections of the Shakespearean sonnet and understand how each one functions, you re almost ready to write one of your own. We just need to go over a few things about style and form first. All sonnets require the following stylistically: 1. 3 quatrains 2. 1 couplet lines 4. ABABCDCDEFEFGG rhyme scheme 5. Iambic pentameter

Let s start by brainstorming. Make sure you have a paper and pencil handy. A good eraser is also recommended! Now, let s begin. What do you want to say in your sonnet?

12 Let s start by brainstorming. Make sure you have a paper and pencil handy. A good eraser is also recommended! Now, let s begin. What do you want to say in your sonnet? A lot of sonnets pertain to love in some way, but yours doesn t have to. If you are having trouble coming up with some ideas, here are some things to think about: -school -sports -losing a loved one -falling in love -a pet -a problem -an emotion

13 Now that you have your topic, think of a metaphor that you want to use throughout your sonnet. Try to think of something that wouldn t normally be compared to your topic, and then figure out ways that they are similar.

14 Now you are ready to begin composing. Make sure that you use, and do your best to keep them all in. Also, choose your words that come at the end of each line carefully; remember that another word will need to rhyme with it. Also remember that you want to introduce your topic and your metaphor here. Quatrain 1: 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b

15 Here, you want to continue your metaphor and your argument, but you want to build on what you wrote in the first quatrain. Use Imagery. Quatrain 2: 5. c 6. d 7. c 8. d

16 Now introduce the conflict (Volta/peripeteia) or even further narrow the metaphor using imagery. Quatrain 3: 9. e 10. f 11. e 12. f

17 Okay, we ve come to the final couplet. Make sure to put your turn here if you haven t done so yet. This is where you need to summarize your argument remember to think of it as your thesis. Also remember that this is a couplet, so both lines will rhyme at the end. Couplet: 13. g 14. g

18 Congratulations! You ve just written your own Shakespearean sonnet! Now remember, just because you ve finished doesn t mean you re done. Good writing is all about revision. Go back and make sure your sonnet is as strong in all areas as you would like it to be. Feel free to edit and revise until you feel like you ve perfected it.

Understanding Shakespeare: Sonnet 18 Foundation Lesson High School

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