Essential Questions. 1. How did 19 th -century urbanization generate new forms of mass entertainment?

Transcription

1 Essential Questions 1. How did 19 th -century urbanization generate new forms of mass entertainment? 2. How did education change at the turn of the century?

2 Bellringer ACT Word of the day ASCERTAIN Using the Usual Chart. Write your definition of the Word and 2 sentences using the word

3 Definition To find out something (with certainty) Form of Speech Verb: EX: The detective had ascertained who the criminal was though the examination of evidence Now that you have the correct definitions write 2 synonyms for the word and 2 more sentences using the word.

4 Agenda 1) Go over Boxer Rebellion Reading 2) Play Kahoot for Boxer Rebellion reviewing from the reading 3) Turn of the century Flipbook

5 Flipbook Directions Life at the Turn of the Century Flipbook Directions for creating your flipbook: Create a flipbook using 3 sheets of paper. You must have an illustration on each page. USE COLOR. Yes, points will be deducted for failure to use color. Use your information from your notes, Turn of the Century Life, to complete this assignment. I have also linked this PPT to the wiki for todays date to help you out as well. Your flipbook should be organized as follows: Title: Life at the Turn of the Century OR Turn of the Century Life Section 1: Leisure Time Section 2: Sports and Entertainment Section 3: Technology and Inventions Section 4: Education, Art, and Literature Section 5: Mass Media and the Retail Revolution Make sure to be detailed when applying information to each section. Explain what you are writing down..

6 Science and Urban Life A Promenade in Mid-Air The Brooklyn Ascent to the Bridge Tower. From Harper's Weekly, March 31, 1877.

7 Section 1: Leisure Time

8 American Leisure -amusement parks featured picnic areas and a variety of rides -bicycling began as an all-male sport, but with improvements, it appeals to women -1886, Coca-Cola formulated by a pharmacist as a cure for headaches -1900, first Hershey chocolate bar sold

9 A day away: In the early 20th century, Coney Island was a retreat for the well-to-do; here, families stroll along the waterways.

10 I think bicycling has done more to emancipate women than anything else in the world. It gives women a feeling of freedom and self-reliance. ~Susan B. Anthony (suffragist)

11 Section 2: Sports and Entertainment

12 American Sports The first tennis match in the U.S. was held in 1874.

13 American Sports -spectator sports, such as boxing and baseball became popular -Negro National League and Negro American League -by 1890s, baseball had a published game schedule, official rules, and a standard-sized diamond Baseball is the very symbol and visible expression of the drive and push and rush and struggle of the raging, tearing, booming nineteenth century. ~Mark Twain

14 Section 3: Technology and Inventions

15 Skyscrapers -possible due to two inventions: elevators and internal steel skeletons to bear weight of buildings Flat Iron Building, New York City -made best use of limited and expensive space

16 Electric Transit -by turn of the 20 th century, streetcars, or trolley cars, were popular -railroads allowed residents of suburbs to commute to downtown jobs -large cities created elevated or el trains and NYC built subways New York City, 1900

17 Central Park, NYC, 1930 Engineering and Urban Planning -steel-cable suspension bridges, like the Brooklyn Bridge, brought cities sections closer together -Frederick Law Olmsted -landscape architect started movement to build urban parks, such as NYC s Central Park -created a natural setting in the large city

18 Airplanes -Orville and Wilbur Wright -first successful flight on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, NC covered 120 feet and lasted 12 seconds -by 1920, the U.S. government established the first transcontinental airmail service

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20 Photography Explosion -before 1880s, photography was a professional activity -George Eastman -introduced his Kodak camera in 1888; purchase price of $25, which included a 100-picture roll of film In 1877, when George Eastman took up photography as a hobby, he had to lug more than 100 pounds of equipment for one day s outing. To lighten his load, he replaced heavy glass plates with film that could be rolled onto a spool. In 1888, Eastman sold his first roll-film camera. Eastman called his new camera the Kodak, because the made-up name was short and memorable. It was popularized by the slogan You Press the Button, We Do the Rest. -allowed millions of Americans to become amateur photographers -also allowed creation of photojournalism reporters could now photograph events as they occurred

21 Section 4: Education, Art, and Literature

22 Expanding Public Education -most states had public education since Civil War, but most school-age children still received no formal schooling -between 1865 and 1895, laws required 12 to 16 weeks annually of school attendance for 8 to 14 year olds

23 An early 20 th -Century elementary school

24 African American children and teacher in classroom studying corn and cotton, Annie Davis School, near Tuskegee, Alabama, 1902

25 Expanding Higher Education -2.3 % of America s young people attended colleges and universities -African Americans were excluded from white institutions -Howard and Fisk Universities founded with the help of the Freedmen s Bureau Howard University, 1892

26 Expanding Public Education Continued -immigrants were encouraged to go to school in order to become Americanized -thousands of adult immigrants attended night school to learn English and qualify for American citizenship The cornerstone of Americanization was U.S. history. At a time when socialists were organizing immigrants, it was imperative that children be taught to celebrate our capitalist-democratic society. Anything that reflected poorly on the United States would be excised. These children would be encouraged to emulate respectable Americans such as George Washington and Betsy Ross. This instruction didn t ignore poverty. But by insisting that America is always getting better, the children would be taught patience and perseverance.

27 Section 5: Mass Media and the Retail Revolution

28 A Revolution in Printing -by 1890, literacy rate in U.S. had risen to 90% (it s 99% today) -publishers turned out large numbers of books, magazines, and newspapers -faster production and lower costs made newspapers and magazines more affordable

29 The Spread of Mass Culture -newspapers began selling sensational headlines -artists, such as Thomas Eakins and the Ashcan school, embraced realism -dime novels told glorified adventure tales of the West -Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) wrote what would become classics of American literature -The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tells about life along the Mississippi River

30 Going to the Show -vaudeville theater -the circus -song, dance, juggling, slapstick comedy, and sometimes chorus lines of female performances -Barnum & Bailey Circus; founders P.T. Barnum and Anthony Bailey; The Greatest Show on Earth

31 Going to the Show Continued -the silver screen -first films were one-reel ten-minute sequences; mostly vaudeville skits or faked newsreels -five-cent theaters called nickelodeons -Ragtime Music -a blend of African-American spirituals and European musical forms -African-American composer Scott Joplin became famous

32 New Ways to Sell Goods -1870s, F.W. Woolworth opened a chain department store Woolworths -advertising industry boomed; $95 million by 1900; newspapers and magazines -Montgomery Ward & Sears Roebuck catalog brought retail to small towns -rural free delivery (RFD) brought packages directly to every home