II. Overview of Movie Theaters

Transcription

1 II. Overview of Movie Theaters - The number of screens increases with continued entry of cinema complex method theaters - Number of movie theaters (screens) 2,464 theaters up 4.7% compared to Number of persons engaged 16,292 persons up 15.2% compared to Annual sales billion yen up 11.9% compared to Per theater (screen) million yen up 6.9% compared to Per person engaged million yen down 2.8% compared to Annual number of visitors million persons up 6.8% compared to 1. Number of establishments The number of establishments which run movie theaters in was 716, down 19.9%, which was a sharp decrease compared to the previous survey (). In terms of locational surroundings, excluding cinema complex method theaters (Note) which fall under the type sharing the building with shopping centers, the number saw a sharp decrease of double digits compared to the previous survey in all the locational surroundings. Number of establishments by environment of location Number of movie theaters per establishment By environment of location Composition Comparison Increase/ ratio to decrease Total Independent movie theaters Type sharing the building with other movie theaters Type sharing the building with shopping centers In the survey of movie theaters, when the same management body runs a number of establishments, each establishment is a subject of the survey, but when a number of movie theaters (screens) are located in the same place and run by the same management where demarcation of accounts is not possible, total entries are made for the number of movie theaters. So, in some of the following sections, the number of screens is used in place of the number of movie theaters. Note: Cinema complex method refers to a multiplex theater system where multiple screens (usually more than six) are set up in the same building, and where ticket booths, entrances, lobbies/shops, and projection booths are shared.

2 2. Number of movie theaters (screens) The number of movie theaters (screens) in (hereinafter referred to as movie theaters ) marked 2,464, an increase of 4.7% (an increase of 110 theaters) compared to the previous survey (). This was caused by an ongoing sharp increase in the number of cinema complex method theaters coming as a result of the creation of many mega-sized shopping centers with movie theaters and amusement facilities, continuing on from the previous survey. In viewing the transition of the number of movie theaters after the bubble period in 1991, although there was a gradual increase until 1997, in the Survey there was a rapid increase of a 9.5% annual rate compared to the previous survey. This was because many movie theaters, with a cinema complex method targeting new commercial zones and various visitor groups, were established at shopping centers located in the suburbs, or tourist spots opened up, in addition to the increase in small-sized theaters selecting and playing movies with focused customer targets (to young people, working women, and senior citizens). In the Survey, there was an increase of 4.7% (an increase of 1.5% in annual rate) from the previous survey due to the ongoing opening of new cinema complex method theaters coexisting in shopping centers, although the number of traditional type movie theaters decreased. Transition of number of movie theaters 3000 (Number of movie theaters) 2500 Annual growth rate compared to the previous survey ) By legal status (according to capital size) In viewing the number of movie theaters according to legal status, company numbered 2,386, accounting for the majority of 96.8% of the total, while individual numbered 61 (composition ratio of 2.5%) and corporation and entity other than company marked 17 (0.7%

3 id.). Compared to the previous survey, although the number of company increased by 136 theaters, which was an increase of 6.0% from the previous survey, that of corporation and entity other than company decreased by 18 theaters while that of individual decreased by 8 theaters; both showing a decrease of double-digits compared to the previous survey. Company Corporation and entity other than company Individual By legal status Number of movie theaters by legal status Composition ratio Comparison to 2,354 2, ,250 2, Observing the number of movie theaters in terms of capital, corporations with capital of 50 million yen - under 100 million yen and 1 billion yen -, which operate large-scale cinema complex method theaters, significantly increased, but the number for the rest of the corporations saw a decrease of double-digits from the previous survey. When observing this result in the number of movie theaters per establishment, the number of theaters for company showed an increase in all capital, reflecting the fact that the trend of running theaters with multiple screens has spread to establishments of all scales. Number of movie theaters by capital By capital size Composition ratio Comparison to Number of movie theaters per establishment Comparison to Total 2,354 2, Less than 10 million yen million yen - under 50 million yen million yen - under 100 million yen million yen - under 1 billion yen billion yen No capital ) By business affiliation In viewing the number of movie theaters by business affiliation, independent entertainment corporate management numbered 1,447 theaters (composition ratio of 58.7%), accounting for a little under 60%, while affiliated film production and distribution corporations numbered

4 539 (21.9% id.), management of other industries numbered 266 (10.8% id.), and direct management by film production and distribution corporations numbered 147 (6.0% id.). In comparison to the previous survey, numbers for affiliated film production and distribution corporations and management of other industries increased, while the numbers for direct management of film production and distribution corporations and other greatly decreased. Total Direct management of film production and distribution corporations Affiliated film production and distribution corporation Independent entertainment corporate management Management of other industries Number of movie theaters by business affiliation By affiliation Composition Comparison Increase/ ratio to decrease 2,354 2, ,471 1, In viewing the transition of the composition ratio of movie theaters by business affiliation, the share of independent entertainment corporate management, which has the largest number of theaters, hovered at around 60%, and the share of affiliated film production and distribution corporations expanded. Transition of composition ratio of movie theaters by business affiliation 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Direct management of film production and distribution corporations Independent entertainment corporate management Affiliated film production and distribution corporation Management of other industries

5 3) By locational surroundings In viewing the number of movie theaters by locational surroundings, type sharing the building with shopping centers numbered 1,445 (composition ratio of 58.6%), which drastically expanded the share (the composition rate went up from the previous survey, from 44.5% to 58.6%), while the number for type sharing the building with other movie theaters, which had the largest number of theaters in surveys up to the 1997 Survey, marked 590 (composition rate of 23.9%). The share of the number of theaters for these two types with multiple movie theaters accounted for a little over 80% of the total number of theaters. In comparison to the previous survey, other than the fact that the share of type sharing the building with shopping centers greatly increased by 38.0% (an increase of 398 theaters), the number for the rest of the locational surroundings decreased. In particular, the number for type sharing the building with other movie theaters sharply declined by 26.4% (a decrease of 212 theaters). The increase in the number of movie theaters of the cinema complex method built on the property of large-scale shopping centers in the suburbs alone is propelling the whole industry forward. Total Independent movie theaters Type sharing the building with other movie theaters Type sharing the building with shopping centers Number of movie theaters by locational surroundings By environment of location Composition ratio Increase/ decrease Comparison to 2,354 2, ,047 1, Further, the share of general first-run movie theaters (including those for road shows) accounted for 80% of the total number in the composition ratio of movie theaters by the type of entertainment. General first-run movie theaters (including those for road shows) also accounted for the majority by locational conditions, while type sharing building with other movie theaters (composition ratio of 83.2%) and type sharing the building with shopping centers (84.7% id.) exceeded the average rate.

6 Composition ratio of movie theaters by type of entertainment and locational surroundings By environment of location in total Independent movie theaters Type sharing the building with other movie theaters Type sharing the building with shopping centers General first-run movie theaters (including those for road shows) General first-run movie theaters & other 4) By seating scale When viewing the number of movie theaters by seating scale, movie theaters with under 200 seats numbered 1,191 (composition ratio of 48.3%), accounting for nearly 50% of the total, followed by those with under 300 seats which numbered 520 (21.1% id.), and those with less than 100 seats which numbered 403 (16.4% id.), thus movie theaters with less than 300 seats accounted for 85.8% of the total. When observing the transition of the composition ratio by seating scale, the share of movie theaters with less than 200 seats expanded. This is due to the increase of cinema complex method theaters. Movie theaters with a small number of seats are gradually becoming the mainstream. On the other hand, there is a considerable decrease in the number of large-scale movie theaters, as seen through the all-around double-digit decrease from the previous survey for theaters with a large seating capacity.

7 Transition of composition ratio by seating scale Less than 100 seats under 200 seats under 300 seats under 400 seats under 500 seats Over 500 setas Number of movie theaters by seating scale By number of seats Total Less than 100 seats under 200 seats under 300 seats under 400 seats under 500 seats under 600 seats under 700 seats under 1000 seats 1,000 seats - Composition Comparison Increase/ ratio to decrease 2,354 2, ,069 1, Note: Drive-in theaters are not included in the survey of seating scale of the above charts. (They are included in the total for.)

8 3. Number of employees The number of employees working for movie theaters in marked 16,292, which was a sharp increase of 15.2% (an increase of 2,145 people) compared to the previous survey (). This increase was associated with the increase in the number of movie theaters. Cinema complex method theaters are characterized by a plenitude of jobs in the ticket and guide department and the restaurants and shops department that require a labor force which resulted in an increase of part-time workers. Gender Type of employment Department Number of persons engaged Total Male Of those, persons temporarily transferred and dispatched (accepted) Female Of those, persons temporarily transferred and dispatched (accepted) Solo proprietors, unpaid family workers or paid executives Regular employees Full-timers Part-timers By gender, type of employment and department Temporary employees Persons temporarily transferred and dispatched (accepted) Management and sales Ticket and guide Film Restaurants and shops (direct management) Persons temporarily transferred and dispatched (accepted) (persons) (persons) Composition Comparison ratio to 14,147 16, ,523 7, ,624 9, ,982 15, ,015 2, ,967 12, ,090 2, ,805 6, ,101 2, ,261 4, ) By gender In viewing the number of employees by gender, males numbered 7,009 (composition ratio of 43.0%) and females numbered 9,283 (57.0% id.), thus females made up the majority. 2) By type of employment In viewing the number of employees by type of employment, part-timers numbered 12,814 (composition ratio of 78.7%), full-timers numbered 2,606 (16.0% id.), thus making the share of regular workers 95%, while solo proprietors, unpaid family workers, and paid executives numbered 492 (3.0% id.), temporary employees numbered 254 (1.6% id.), and temporarily transferred or dispatched (accepted) employees numbered 126 (0.8% id.). In comparison to the previous survey, the share of part-timers greatly increased by 28.6%, but the share for the rest of the types of employment decreased from the previous survey.

9 3) By department When observing the number of employees by department, ticket and guide numbered 6,730 (composition ratio of 41.3%), which makes up a little over 40% of the total, followed by restaurants and shops (direct management) with 4,421 people (27.1% id.), film with 2,296 people (14.1% id.), and management and sales with 2,103 people (12.9% id.). In comparison to the previous survey, the share of restaurants and shops increased 35.6%, the share of ticket and guide increased 15.9%, and the share of film increased 9.3%. In cinema complex method theaters, the number of personnel of departments shared by different screens increased. 4. Annual sales The annual sales for movie theaters in marked billion yen, a significant increase of 11.9% compared to the previous survey (). The annual sales increased three consecutive times from the previous survey, with the lowest point found in the 1994 survey. The increase in the annual rate compared to the previous survey was 3.8%. Although the rate of increase slowed compared to that of the previous survey, it is still increasing. Factors such as (i) the securement of audience through entry into new marketing areas such as building movie theaters on the property of suburban-type shopping centers, (ii) being blessed with box-office hits for both foreign and domestic films including animation, and (iii) the expansion of movie genres through the development of image technology such as computer graphics, made contributions to the increase. The annual sales per theater were million yen, an increase of 6.9% compared to the previous survey. The annual sales figure per employee who worked in movie theaters was million yen.

10 Transition of annual sales for movie theaters Annual growth rate compared to (100 million yen) the previous survey 1) By income classification When viewing the annual sales according to income classification, the share of income of admission fees amounted to billion yen (composition ratio of 80.4%), accounting for a little over 80% of the total, while sales income of restaurants and shops (direct management) amounted to 35.4 billion yen (15.5% id.), and other income, including operating expenses from commissioning management of shops, amounted to 9.4 billion yen (4.1% id.). Total Admission fees By income classification Restaurant and shop (direct management) sales income income Annual sales by income classification 1 million yen 1 million yen Composition ratio Comparison to 204, , , , ,277 35, ,099 9, In comparison to the previous survey, there was an increase in all three income classifications with an 8.2% increase in admission fees, a 29.8% increase in restaurant and shop (direct management) sales income, and a 31.9% increase in other income from the previous survey. Observing the transition of composition ratio by income classification, cinema complex method theaters expanded sales by developing more shops/restaurants including commission system managed ones.

11 Transition of annual sales by income classification 2) By business affiliation Admission fees Restaurants and shops (direct management) In viewing the annual sales by business affiliation, sales for theaters of independent entertainment corporate management, which accounts for a little less than 60% of movie theaters, amassed the most at billion yen (composition ratio of 53.8%), while sales per movie theater was the highest for theaters of direct management of film production and distribution corporation, with a large number of seats, at million yen. In comparison to the previous survey, while annual sales by business affiliation for direct management of film production and distribution corporation decreased 35.3% due also to the decline in the number of movie theaters, and other decreased 73.3% due to the decrease by half in the number of theaters, and sales for the rest of business affiliation increased. Annual sales per theater increased except for the decrease in others. By affiliation Total Direct management of film production and distribution corporations Affiliated film production and distribution corporation Independent entertainment corporate management Management of other industries Annual sales by business affiliation (1 million yen) Annual sales per person engaged (1 million yen) Composition Comparison to Comparison to ratio (10,000 yen) (10,000 yen) (10,000 yen) 204, , ,677 9, ,403 38,075 24, ,627 16, ,384 28,790 60, ,198 11, ,501 Annual sales per movie theater 116, , ,909 8, ,372 12,840 18, ,057 6, ,483 8,212 2, ,366 3,

12 3) By locational surroundings In viewing the annual sales by locational surroundings, sales for type sharing the building with shopping centers where many cinema complex method theaters are located was the highest at 147 billion yen (composition ratio of 64.3%). Sales for type sharing the building with other movie theaters, which had accounted for one-third of the annual sales in the previous survey, greatly reduced the share to 54.6 billion yen (23.9% id.). By environment of location Total Independent movie theaters Type sharing the building with other movie theaters Type sharing the building with shopping centers Annual sales by locational surroundings (1 million yen) Annual sales per movie theater Annual sales per person engaged (1 million yen) Composition Comparison to Comparison to ratio (10,000 yen) (10,000 yen) (10,000 yen) 204, , ,677 9, ,403 15,966 16, ,340 5, ,870 54, ,587 9, , , , ,867 10, ,495 16,124 10, ,827 7, ,265 The annual sales per theater increased compared to the previous survey for all the locational surroundings, and sales for type sharing the building with other movie theaters in which the number of theaters greatly declined, increased the most at 7.7%. The reason for this increase was their location in bustling shopping and entertainment districts, and favorable sales of existing theaters with a comparatively large number of seats. 5. Number of visitors The total number of visitors to movie theaters in was million, up 6.8% from the previous survey () which marked an increase for three consecutive surveys as in the case of annual sales. Increase in the annual rate compared to the previous survey was 2.2%, while the total number of visitors per theater marked 58,181, up 2.0% from the previous survey. Although the rate of increase slowed compared to the previous survey, the continued increase was due to the significant expansion in the capacity of seats through increase in the number of theaters, in addition to being blessed with box-office hits for both foreign and domestic films.

13 (10,000 persons) Transition of number of visitors Annual growth rate compared to the previous survey In comparison to the previous survey, the number of visitors according to locational surroundings was on a downward trend except for type sharing the building with shopping centers whose composition ratio increased to 63.9% from 50.7%. In particular, the number for type sharing the building with other movie theaters decreased 10.2% to 24.1% from 34.3% for the previous survey. Composition ratio of number of visitors by locational surroundings 4.8% Independent movie theaters 7.2% Independent movie theaters 7.6% Type sharing the building with shopping centers 50.7% 7.4% Inside circle: Outside circle: Type sharing the building with other movie theaters 24.1% Type sharing the building with shopping centers 63.9% Type sharing the building with other movie theaters 34.3%

14 6. Number of films annually screened The number of films annually screened in movie theaters in totaled 57,981, an increase of 6,008 films (up 11.6% from the previous survey) compared to the previous survey () which marked an increase for two consecutive surveys. This is considered to be due to the increase in the number of movie theaters. In viewing the number of annually screened films according to the type of film, foreign films accounted for 28,660 films (composition ratio of 49.4%), domestic films accounted for 23,836 films (41.1% id.), and animation 5,485 films (9.5% id.). The number of annually screened films per theater was 23.5 films, an increase of 1.4 films compared to 22.1 films in the previous survey. This is attributed to the increase in the number of cinema complex method theaters with a small number of seats, the increase in the number of films, in addition to using multiple screens in the same facility to show the same film (or showing a number of different films on the same screen). The total annual number of visitors per theater showed a consistent upward trend due to an increase in the number of visitors, resulting from the increase in the number of type sharing the building with shopping centers which mainly consist of cinema complex method theaters. However, in the survey this number took a steep downward turn. This seems to be influenced by the shift in the seating scale of newly-opened cinema complex method theaters to a smaller scale of less than 200 seats. Composition ratio of number of screened films by type of film Animation 9.5 Foreign Japanese Annual number of movies played in : 57,981 films

15 Number of films annually screened and total annual number of visitors Annual number of number 38.7 movies played per movie theater number (10, Annual number of persons) movies played Total annual number of visitors per movie Total annual number of persons visitors Annual operating costs The annual operating costs of the movie theater business totaled billion yen, and the percentage of operating costs in annual sales was 88.3%. In the breakdown of annual operating costs, movie screening costs amounted to 98.3 billion yen (composition ratio of 48.7%), which accounted for nearly half of the total operating costs, rental costs of buildings and land was 24.9 billion yen (12.4% id.), total salary paid was 24.8 billion yen (12.3% id.), and other operating costs was 31.5 billion yen (15.6% id.). Annual operating costs (1 million yen) (1 million yen) By cost classification Composition Comparison to ratio Annual operating costs in total 187, , Total salary paid 24,677 24, Movie screening costs 88,844 98, Advertising costs 7,482 6, Rental costs 23,363 24, Buildings & land 20,508 22, Machinery & equipment 2,855 2, Restaurant and shop (direct management) sales costs 13,411 15, operating costs 30,109 31,

16 8. Trends by prefecture 1) Number of movie theaters In viewing the number of movie theaters according to prefecture, Tokyo had the highest number at 211 theaters (composition ratio of 8.6%), followed by Aichi with 178 theaters (7.2% id.), Kanagawa with 161 theaters (6.5% id.), Osaka with 145 theaters (5.9% id.), Fukuoka with 141 theaters (5.7% id.), Chiba with 130 theaters (5.3% id.), and Hokkaido with 112 theaters (4.5% id.). Cabinet-order designated cities (including special wards) are located in the top 11 prefectures, including these seven prefectures, reflecting the fact that the theaters are concentrated in the urban areas. In comparison to the previous survey () the number of movie theaters increased in 21 prefectures including Kanagawa, Hiroshima, Chiba, and Miyagi, while it decreased in 20 prefectures including Aichi, Saitama, Kyoto, Tokyo, and Yamagata, and remained the same in six prefectures. Number of movie theaters Hokkaido 112 Aomori 47 Iwa te 23 Miyagi 66 Akita 14 Yamagata Fukushima Ibaraki 48 Tochigi 22 Number of movie theaters by prefecture Gunma 42 Saitama 63 Chiba 130 Tokyo 211 Kanagawa 161 Niiga ta Toyama Ishikawa Fukui Yamanashi Naganoif G u Shizuoka 178 Aichi Mie Shiga Kyoto Osaka 145 Hyogo 94 Nara 31 Wakayama Tottori Shimane Okayama 28 Hiroshima 63 Yamaguchi 31 To ku shima Kagawa Ehime Kochi Fukuoka Saga Nagasaki Kumamoto Oita Miyazaki Kagoshima Okinawa 2) Annual sales In viewing the annual sales according to prefecture, sales in Tokyo were the highest with 36.3 billion yen, which accounts for 15.9% of sales for all the prefectures, followed by Kanagawa (composition ratio of 9.3%), Osaka (8.2% id.), Aichi (5.9% id.), Chiba (5.1% id.), and Fukuoka (4.9% id.). The sales in these top six prefectures amounted to more than 10 billion yen in the year. Also the sales in the top five prefectures accounted for nearly half of the total sales of movie theaters in Japan.

17 Annual sales by prefectures (Top 10) Per movie theater Annual Number of Number of Annual sales Composition Comparison Number of sales Prefecture movie visitors (1 million yen) Annual sales ranking ratio to visitors theaters persons(10,000 yen) (persons) National total 2, , ,357,414 9,279 58,181 Tokyo ,283 1st ,110,783 17, ,790 2nd Kanagawa , ,293,756 13,235 76,359 3rd Osaka , ,011,204 12,914 82,836 4th Aichi , ,970,301 7,623 50,395 5th Chiba , ,541,781 8,930 58,014 6th Fukuoka , ,292,062 7,879 51,717 7th Hyogo 94 9, ,954,065 10,270 63,341 8th Hokkaido 112 8, ,591,409 7,879 49,923 9th Saitama 63 7, ,957,775 12,655 78,695 10th Shizuoka 60 6, ,926,545 10,011 65,442 3) The number of visitors In viewing the total annual number of visitors according to prefecture, the number was the highest in Tokyo with million, followed by Kanagawa with million, Osaka with million, Aichi with 8.97 million, and Chiba with 7.54 million. The total number of visitors for the top three prefectures accounted for more than 10 million people. In comparison to the previous survey, the number of visitors in 35 prefectures including Tokushima, Akita, Nara, and Gunma increased, while it decreased in 12 prefectures including Tottori, Wakayama, Kyoto, and Kagoshima. The annual number of visitors per theater was the highest in Tokyo with 104,790, followed by Osaka with 82,836, Kyoto with 81,129, and Saitama with 78,695. Annual number of visitors per theater by prefecture 10,000 persons 12 National Average 58, Hokkaido Aomori Iwate Miyagi Akita Yamagata Fukus hima Ibaraki Tochigi Gunma Saitama Chiba Tokyo Kanagawa Niigata Toyama Ishikawa Fukui Yamanashi Nagano Gifu Shizuoka Aichi Mie Shiga Kyoto Osaka Hyogo Nara Wakayama Tottori Shimane Okayama Hiroshima Yamaguchi Tokushima Kagawa Ehime Kochi Fukuoka Saga Nagasaki Kumamoto Oita Miyazaki Kagoshima Okinawa