Background Manuscript Music Data Results... sort of Acknowledgments. Suite, Suite Phylogenetics. Michael Charleston and Zoltán Szabó

Transcription

1 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics /5 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Michael Charlesto ad Zoltá Szabó November 5th, 20

2 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 2/5 S Bach oha Sebastia Bach was bor i Eiseach ito a musical family, o 3st of March 685, ad died 28th uly, 750. I betwee, he was a prolific composer, ad, while he was less appreciated for this durig his life, he has sice become recogised as oe of the greatest composers of all time.

3 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 3/5 The cello suites The six suites for uaccompaied cello were writte by Bach aroud , whe Bach was the Kappelmeister i Köthe. There are hudreds of recordigs of these, but, perhaps surprisigly, there are also 07 differet versios of the suites. How ca this be

4 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 3/5 The cello suites The six suites for uaccompaied cello were writte by Bach aroud , whe Bach was the Kappelmeister i Köthe. There are hudreds of recordigs of these, but, perhaps surprisigly, there are also 07 differet versios of the suites. How ca this be It was the practice of Bach s wife Aa Magdalea that she would trascribe her husbad s work by had, to a eater versio, which was used for performace. Oce that was doe, further copies could be made.

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6 20 e V o i s r

7 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 6/5 Copyig music by had Is hard! It is highly repetitive, laborious work ad there is lots of room for error. Is permissive... like the secretary havig the power i meetigs over what was said, music ca be iterpreted... corrected... From Aa Magdalea s versio, three more had copies were made, before the pritig press took over. As of 20, there are ow 07 versios icludig those origial copies,... but Bach s origial is lost. The versios are all differet. Sources of error : copyig error correctios iterpretatios additioal guidelies

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9 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 8/5 O playig Baroque music It s worth uderstadig how Baroque music was writte while music from the period is kow for its florid orametatio, the details of what oramets were actually played, were ot o geerally the mauscript: much of the choice of how to play a give piece was left up to the musicia. This icludes such thigs as bowig figerig dyamics (chages i volume) accets oramets (mordets, turs, trills, grace otes (appoggiaturas ad accacciaturas) )

10 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 9/5 Recet mauscript is more guided As a rough rule of thumb, musical mauscript has become more prescriptive: The performer will play a mordet here, ot a trill! He or she will begi the crescedo here ad ot later, ad the have a acceted attack here, ad the... a pause... ad so o. Also, performers versios ca become popular ad others may wish to emulate them thus, more detailed istructios are ivaluable here (audio recordig ot beig available!).

11 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 0/5 Some musical termiology A few rudimets

12 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology /5 What is mauscript music ust i case you do t read music (show of hads please) Music is represeted i varyig levels of depth o mauscript: some versios show just pitch ad duratio, but others go ito (volume) dyamics, acceleratio (accelerado), deceleratio (decelerado) Aotatios are commoly i Italia (they are for much of these suites); The types of aotatios ca be broke ito several types: ties ad slurs how the trasitio betwee otes is to be played accets how otes are attacked

13 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 2/5 Oramets Trill alterate rapidly betwee the idicated ote ad the oe above (i the scale): Tur hit the ote, go above, go back, go below, ad go back: it looks like this: ad would be played like this: Grace Notes the appogiatura ad the acciaccatura, which are very short ad very very short otes played just prior to the mai oe. Mordet a little like a very short trill,

14 Our iitial data There are ow 07 prited versios of the suites (icludig the most recet appearig i 20). We could ot ecode every suite, every versio (we do t have them all), or eve every movemet i a sigle suite, because it s laborious ad slow... We selected oe movemet, the D mior Allemade from Suite II, BWV 008, ad just 2 versios to ecode at this stage. We (that is, Zoltá) paistakigly trascribed 2 versios ito Sibelius software ad exported these as pdf. awful We looked at usig MusicXML ad automatically doig this but it was Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 3/5

15 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology /5 Referece, 992 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach 9 b R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

16 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 5/5 Aa Magdalea, 727 D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach; Aa Magdalea Bach MS cca 727 c b R b 5 b r r 9 b R 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

17 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 6/5 Aa Magdalea, 727 D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach; Aa Magdalea Bach MS cca 727 c b R b 5 b r r 9 b R 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

18 Bazelaire, 920 Lourd et expressif rall..... a Tempo 2 3 b c > R > f b mf b r r f rall a Tempo rall a Tempo rall mf D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p f mf mp cresc. f cresc rall a Tempo 3 3. S. Bach ed. Bazelaire > b > - R ff mp p mf f f cresc j b 3 - b b b b rall a Tempo b > > 0 b b j p b - b - > -> j > cresc. rall.... Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 7/5 U

19 Bazelaire, 920 Lourd et expressif rall..... a Tempo 2 3 b c > R > f b mf b r r f rall a Tempo rall a Tempo rall mf D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p f mf mp cresc. f cresc rall a Tempo 3 3. S. Bach ed. Bazelaire > b > - R ff mp p mf f f cresc j b 3 - b b b b rall a Tempo b > > 0 b b j p b - b - > -> j > cresc. rall.... Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 8/5 U

20 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 9/5 Beissweger, 2000 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach 9 b R 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

21 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 20/5 Daffel, 879 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach ed. Dörffel b j R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

22 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 2/5 Dotzauer, 826 D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach b c R II b b r b R b.. b b. b b b b b... 2 b b. j. U

23 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 22/5 Keller, 726 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach; Keller MS b R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

24 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 23/5 Markevitch, 96 D Mior Suite, Allemade q = 63 c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach ed: Markevitch 9 b j R [p] 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

25 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 2/5 Norbli, 82 f Allegro D Mior Suite, Allemade b R f p f b f p 3 5 b r r. S. Bach ed: Norbli 82 9 b j R f 3 j b b b b 7 3 b b b 2 Ω Ω Ω 2 U b b j

26 Schroeder, 888 Allegro moderato b c R - f - b dim b r r f D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p dim cresc. f p sehr breit. S. Bach ed. Schroeder sehr breit 2 3 b - - j R cresc. sf mf f f 3 j b 2 b b b 7 b - - b j b - j 2 - b 2 2 b j Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 25/5 p U

27 Schroeder, 888 Allegro moderato b c R - f - b dim b r r f D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p dim cresc. f p sehr breit. S. Bach ed. Schroeder sehr breit 2 3 b - - j R cresc. sf mf f f 3 j b 2 b b b 7 b - - b j b - j 2 - b 2 2 b j Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 26/5 p U

28 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 27/5 Starker, 970 D Mior Suite, Allemade b c R b m m 0 b r r. S. Bach ed: Starker 97 9 m. b R j m 3 b b b b b m 3 2 b - b b - R Ó U b b - j

29 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 28/5 Starker, 970 D Mior Suite, Allemade b c R b m m 0 b r r. S. Bach ed: Starker 97 9 m. b R j m 3 b b b b b m 3 2 b - b b - R Ó U b b - j

30 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 29/5 Westphal, late 8thC D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach; Westphal MS late 8th cet. c b R b 5 b r r 9 b j R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j

31 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 30/5 The aligmet is trivial... At least i cotrast to molecular phylogeetic data, the sequeces here are basically already aliged. The bar lies are homologous; The duratio ad placemet of most of the melodic otes are uchaged (though some harmoic otes are chaged); Oramets are usually uambiguously placed.

32 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 3/5 Liste ad follow Cue up a recordig

33 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 32/5 Bars 0 8 def AM Ba Be Da Do K M N Sc St W

34 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 33/5 Bars 9 6 def AM Ba Be Da Do K M N Sc St W

35 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 3/5 Bars 7 2 def AM Ba Be Da Do K M N Sc St W

36 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 35/5 Notes Bowig: Two versios of these 2 (Dotzauer ad Starker) give their ow bowig istructios; the rest do t, ad so these are t very useful as characters. Figerig: While figerig is geerally left up to the player, it s sometimes useful to have have as a suggestio this was also left out. Dyamics most versios leave them out. Some idicate crescedi ad dimiuedi but ca differ i where they start ad fiish: these were merged where possible. Oramets: mostly these were uique to each versio (sigletos or parsimoy uiformative).

37 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 36/5 Eterig the data

38 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 37/5 Our aliged data Versio Dyamics Oramets Slurs default AaMadaleda Bazelaire Beissweger Daffel Dotzauer Keller Markevitch Norbli Schroeder Starker Westphal-late8thC

39 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 38/5 0. Bazelaire-920 Starker-970 Schroeder-888 Dotzauer-826 default-992 Keller-726 Norbli-82 Daffel-879 Beissweger-2000 Markevitch-96 Westphal-late8thC AaMadaleda-727

40 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 39/ default-992 Westphal-late8thC Keller-726 Markevitch-96 AaMadaleda-727 Daffel-879 Beissweger-2000 Dotzauer-826 Norbli-82 Schroeder-888 Starker-970 Bazelaire-920

41 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 0/5 Commets While it s early days yet, There s promise of iterestig thigs to come; We ca see some of the relatioships that are cosistet with what s kow about the copyig history There seems to be potetial to recover a origial whatever worth that has...

42 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow /5 Next Steps So what do we eed to do ext Ecode more of the suites 2 See if we ca recover the origial Write software to eable musicias to select which versio they wat to play 2 possibly through judicious applicatio of udergraduate studets

43 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you 2/5 thak you Questios ad Commets

44 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you 3/5 Thaks to I Wikipedia for images: Upper ad lower modet otatio by Sbrools at e.wikipedia - Trasferred from e.wikipedia. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - Frotespizio Cello Suite by Aa Magdalea Bach - Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - Tur otatio: Tur otatio by Origial uploader was Camembert at e.wikipedia. Later versio(s) were uploaded by Sbrools at e.wikipedia. - Trasferred from e.wikipedia; trasferred to Commos by User:Sfa00_IMG usig CommosHelper.. Licesed uder Creative Commos Attributio-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commos -

45 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you /5 Thaks to II Tur executio by Origial uploader was Camembert at e.wikipedia. Later versio(s) were uploaded by Sbrools at e.wikipedia. - Trasferred from e.wikipedia; trasferred to Commos by User:Sfa00_IMG usig CommosHelper.. Licesed uder Creative Commos Attributio-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commos - oha Sebastia Bach by Elias Gottlob Haussma - e:image:bach-hausma.jpg from Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - Bachsa2 by.s. Bach - Iteratioal Music Score Library Project. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - oha Sebastia Bach by Elias Gottlob Haussma - e:image:bach-hausma.jpg from Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos -

46 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you 5/5 Zoltá Szabó