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1 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Appendix I Subplot Selection within Arid SageSTEP whole plots Each of the four whole plots (fuel reduction treatments) was gridded into potential subplots (30-m by 33-m) without space between potential subplots. Depending on the size of the whole plot, this gave us between 200 and 818 potential subplots per whole plot. One hundred of these potential subplots per whole plot were selected randomly. Adjacent subplots were rejected and the next randomly selected subplot was brought into the potential subplot pool. Each selected potential subplot was visited and the soil was identified and the ecological site determined for the subplot. If the subplot soil correlated to a different ecological site then the majority of the whole plot, then that potential subplot was rejected and the next successive randomly selected subplot was brought into the potential subplot pool. In addition to identifying the soil, visual estimates were made to the closest 2 % of the perennial tall grass (PTG) cover as a group. These 100 randomly selected potential subplots were arranged ordinally and they were divided into roughly thirds. For most sites, this division was roughly < 10%, between 10 and 20%, and > 20 %, yielding 33 or 34 potential subplots in each group. From within each cover group, either 6 or 8 subplots were randomly selected to yield either 18 or 24 subplots within each whole plot depending on the site. Half of the subplots in each cover group were randomly assigned to receive the imazapic (Plateau ) treatment while the other half only received their woody fuel treatment. Moses Coulee, Saddle Mountain, Rock Creek and Grey Butte had 18 subplots while Owyhee and Onaqui had 24 subplots.

2 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Appendix II Estimation Methods for Shrub Density and for Biomass Allometric equations of shrub canopy dimensions were used to estimate individual shrub biomass. To determine the allometric equations, fifteen individual shrubs of each identified species that attained the minimum density at each site were located outside of subplots but within the four treatment areas. These 15 individuals ranged in sizes from the smallest to largest dimensions (Table 1) measured in density plots (see below). Canopy height (Hgt; soil to tallest point), largest width (Dia1) and largest perpendicular width (Dia2) to the first width were measured to the nearest cm and used to derive a cylinder volume (Vol; using Hgt and average of Dia1 and Dia2). Plants were harvested, cut and separated into size classes for fuel calculations (not pertinent to this paper), placed in paper bags and brought back to the lab where they were dried at 70 C to a constant mass. Table 1. Ranges in shrub dimensions across all sites used in calculating allometric estimates for biomass (from Stebleton and Bunting 2009). Cylinder volume used height and the average of the longest and perpendicular width. R 2 is the minimum value across all sites and fuel types. Species Height Longest Perpendicular Cylinder Lowest (cm) Width Width Volume R 2 (cm) (cm) (cm 3 ) Artemesia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis 20 to to to 145 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus 25 to to to to to

3 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. A number of potential equations were fit and best fit was selected using AIC to determine the most parsimonious solution. Best-fit models explained a minimum of 80% and 67% variation for A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. These relationships were done separately by species within each site. The equations are listed below. Shrub biomass was estimated for all shrub species that attained a minimum density of 1063 individuals ha -1 using allometric measurements of shrub dimensions and volume. Shrub density was estimated by summing individual occurrences in each of 5 circular plots that were equally spaced along a vegetation subplot s central transect at the 3, 9, 15, 21, and 27 m marks. If at least 10 conspecific individuals occurred in these circular plots, then height, largest width, and perpendicular width were recorded to the nearest 1 cm for each individual and converted to biomass using the equations. Shrubs less than 15 cm tall or with less than 10 % live canopy volume were not counted or measured for shrub density or biomass. References Stebleton, A. and S. Bunting Guide for quantifying fuels in the sagebrush steppe and juniper woodlands of the Great Basin. Bureau of Land Management, Technical Note 420, Denver, CO. Shrub Regression Equations Grey Butte Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Biomass (kg) = (Diam1) (Vol) Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Biomass (kg) = (Vol) Onaqui

4 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Biomass (kg) = (Hgt) (Vol) Moses Coulee Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Biomass (kg) = (Hgt) (Vol) Owyhee Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Biomass (kg) = (Diam1) (Hgt) Rock Creek Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Biomass (kg) = (Diam1) (Vol) Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Biomass (kg) = (Vol) Saddle Mountain Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Biomass (kg) = (Diam1) (Diam2) (Vol) Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Biomass (kg) = (Diam1) (Vol)

5 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Appendix III ANOVA Output and Effects

6 Variable Names, Metadata and ANOVA designs Site Frequency Num Subplots Grey Butte, OR Moses Coulee, WA Onaqui, UT in yr0 M-NP, M-P, T-P, and yr3 T-NP Owahee, NV Rock Creek, OR Saddle Mountain, WA Effects Year - 0 = Pretreatment; 1, 2, & 3 = first, second, and third year post-treatment Fuel Treatment -- CO = Untreated Control; FI = Fire; MO = Mow; TB = Tebuthiuron Plateau (=imazapic) -- Plateau was a split plot within Fuel Treatment ; P = Plateau applied; NP = No Plateau applied Responses LogMeanGap -- Mean of the Log (e) of interperennial gap distances (cm) LogGapGT2m -- Log (e) proportion of the combine transect distances within a subplot that are in interperennial gaps > 2 m LogNumGaps -- Log (e) of the frequency of interperennial gaps within a subplot LogARTR -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Wyoming big sagebrush) LogBRTE -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) LogPTG -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of perennial tall grasses LogPSG -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of perennial short grasses (Poa sandbergii) LogPForb -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of perennial forbs LogAforb -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of annual forbs LogSoil -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of mineral soil as a soil surface contact LogFCSoil -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of mineral soil as the first contact line point intercept LogLichMoss -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of lichen or mosses being the soil surface contact LogFCLichMoss -- Mean of the Log (e) of percent cover of lichen or mosses being the first contact on a line point intercept PTGDns -- Mean density of perennial tall grasses LogPSGDns -- Mean Log (e) of density of perennial short grasses (Poa sandbergii) LogPforbDns -- Mean Log (e) of density of perennial forbs LogTtlBM -- Mean Log (e) of herbaceous live, standing dead, and herbaceous litter LogShrubBMttl -- Mean Log (e) of total Shrub biomass (all leaves and branches) Worksheet Names Yr0 Effects -- Tests of pretreatment Effects Yr0 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Yrs1-3 Effects -- Repeated measures effects for first 3 years post-treatment Yrs1-3 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects ANOVA Pretreatment Design Design Year 0, Pre-treatment analysis ANOVA Pre-treatment (Year=0): 6 sites * 4 Treatments (one site with 3) * 2 Split Treatments = 46 exptl units (some missing) Bold Source indicates random effects Source df Site 5 Fuel Treatment 3 Site*Fuel Trt 14 Plateau 1 Fuel Trt*Plateau 3 Site*Plat + Site*FuelTrt*Plat 19

7 ANOVA Post-treatment (Year=1-3): 6 sites * 4 Treatments (one site with 3) * 2 Split Treatments = 46 exptl units * 3 Years = 138 Total exptl units Bold Source indicates random effects Source df Site 5 Fuel Treatment 3 Site x Fuel Treatment 14 Plateau 1 Fuel Treatment * Plateau 3 Site*Plat + Site*FuelTrt*Plat 19 Year 2 Fuel Treatment*Year 6 Plateau*Year 2 FuelTreatment*Plateau*Year 6 Residual Error 76

8 Yr0 Effects -- Tests of pretreatment Effects Numerator Denomenator RESPONSE Effect DF DF FValue ProbF LogMeanGap Trt LogMeanGap Plat LogMeanGap Trt*Plat GapGT2m Trt GapGT2m Plat GapGT2m Trt*Plat LogNumGaps Trt LogNumGaps Plat LogNumGaps Trt*Plat LogBRTE Trt LogBRTE Plat LogBRTE Trt*Plat LogARTR Trt LogARTR Plat LogARTR Trt*Plat LogPTG Trt LogPTG Plat LogPTG Trt*Plat LogPSG Trt LogPSG Plat LogPSG Trt*Plat LogAforb Trt LogAforb Plat LogAforb Trt*Plat LogPforb Trt LogPforb Plat LogPforb Trt*Plat Soil Trt Soil Plat Soil Trt*Plat LichMoss Trt LichMoss Plat LichMoss Trt*Plat LogFCSoil Trt LogFCSoil Plat LogFCSoil Trt*Plat LogFCLichMoss Trt LogFCLichMoss Plat LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat PTGDns Trt PTGDns Plat PTGDns Trt*Plat LogPSGDns Trt

9 Yr0 Effects -- Tests of pretreatment Effects Numerator Denomenator RESPONSE Effect DF DF FValue ProbF LogPSGDns Plat LogPSGDns Trt*Plat LogPforbDns Trt LogPforbDns Plat LogPforbDns Trt*Plat LogShrubBMTtl Trt LogShrubBMTtl Plat LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Plat LogTtlBM Trt LogTtlBM Plat LogTtlBM Trt*Plat

10 Yr0 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Response Effect Plateau Trt Year Estimate Lower Upper Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogMeanGap Trt*Year C LogMeanGap Trt*Year F LogMeanGap Trt*Year M LogMeanGap Trt*Year T GapGT2m Trt*Year C GapGT2m Trt*Year F GapGT2m Trt*Year M GapGT2m Trt*Year T LogNumGaps Trt*Year C LogNumGaps Trt*Year F LogNumGaps Trt*Year M LogNumGaps Trt*Year T LogBRTE Plat NP LogBRTE Plat P LogBRTE Plat*Year NP LogBRTE Plat*Year P LogARTR Trt*Year C LogARTR Trt*Year F LogARTR Trt*Year M LogARTR Trt*Year T LogPTG Trt*Year C LogPTG Trt*Year F LogPTG Trt*Year M LogPTG Trt*Year T LogPSG Trt*Plat NP C LogPSG Trt*Plat P C LogPSG Trt*Plat NP F LogPSG Trt*Plat P F LogPSG Trt*Plat NP M LogPSG Trt*Plat P M LogPSG Trt*Plat NP T LogPSG Trt*Plat P T

11 Yr0 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Response Effect Plateau Trt Year Estimate Lower Upper Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogPSG Year LogAforb Plat NP LogAforb Plat P LogAforb Plat*Year NP LogAforb Plat*Year P LogPforb Plat NP LogPforb Plat P LogPforb Year Soil Plat NP Soil Plat P Soil Trt*Year C Soil Trt*Year F Soil Trt*Year M Soil Trt*Year T LichMoss Plat NP LichMoss Plat P LichMoss Trt*Year C LichMoss Trt*Year F LichMoss Trt*Year M LichMoss Trt*Year T LogFCSoil Plat*Year NP LogFCSoil Plat*Year P LogFCSoil Trt*Year C LogFCSoil Trt*Year F LogFCSoil Trt*Year M LogFCSoil Trt*Year T LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat NP C LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat P C LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat NP F LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat P F LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat NP M LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat P M

12 Yr0 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Response Effect Plateau Trt Year Estimate Lower Upper Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat NP T LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat P T LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year C LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year F LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year M LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year T PTGDns Trt*Year C PTGDns Trt*Year F PTGDns Trt*Year M PTGDns Trt*Year T LogPSGDns Trt*Plat NP C LogPSGDns Trt*Plat P C LogPSGDns Trt*Plat NP F LogPSGDns Trt*Plat P F LogPSGDns Trt*Plat NP M LogPSGDns Trt*Plat P M LogPSGDns Trt*Plat NP T LogPSGDns Trt*Plat P T LogPSGDns Trt*Year C LogPSGDns Trt*Year F LogPSGDns Trt*Year M LogPSGDns Trt*Year T LogPforbDns Trt*Plat NP C LogPforbDns Trt*Plat P C LogPforbDns Trt*Plat NP F LogPforbDns Trt*Plat P F LogPforbDns Trt*Plat NP M LogPforbDns Trt*Plat P M LogPforbDns Trt*Plat NP T LogPforbDns Trt*Plat P T LogShrubBMTtl Trt C LogShrubBMTtl Trt F

13 Yr0 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Response Effect Plateau Trt Year Estimate Lower Upper Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogShrubBMTtl Trt M LogShrubBMTtl Trt T LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year C LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year F LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year M LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year T LogTtlBM Trt*Year C LogTtlBM Trt*Year F LogTtlBM Trt*Year M LogTtlBM Trt*Year T LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP C LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P C LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP F LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P F LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP M LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P M LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP T LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P T

14 Yrs1-3 Effects -- Repeated measures effects for first 3 years post-treatment Repeated Measures ANOVA results for each response. Statistically significant values are highlighted Numerator Denominator RESP Effect DF DF FValue ProbF logmeangap Trt logmeangap Plat logmeangap Trt*Plat logmeangap Year logmeangap Trt*Year logmeangap Plat*Year logmeangap Trt*Plat*Ye GapGT2m Trt GapGT2m Plat GapGT2m Trt*Plat GapGT2m Year GapGT2m Trt*Year GapGT2m Plat*Year GapGT2m Trt*Plat*Ye LogNumGaps Trt LogNumGaps Plat LogNumGaps Trt*Plat LogNumGaps Year LogNumGaps Trt*Year LogNumGaps Plat*Year LogNumGaps Trt*Plat*Ye LogBRTE Trt LogBRTE Plat <.0001 LogBRTE Trt*Plat LogBRTE Year <.0001 LogBRTE Trt*Year LogBRTE Plat*Year LogBRTE Trt*Plat*Ye LogARTR Trt LogARTR Plat LogARTR Trt*Plat LogARTR Year LogARTR Trt*Year LogARTR Plat*Year LogARTR Trt*Plat*Ye LogPTG Trt LogPTG Plat LogPTG Trt*Plat LogPTG Year <.0001 LogPTG Trt*Year <.0001 LogPTG Plat*Year LogPTG Trt*Plat*Ye LogPSG Trt LogPSG Plat <.0001 LogPSG Trt*Plat LogPSG Year <.0001

15 Yrs1-3 Effects -- Repeated measures effects for first 3 years post-treatment Repeated Measures ANOVA results for each response. Statistically significant values are highlighted Numerator Denominator RESP Effect DF DF FValue ProbF LogPSG Trt*Year LogPSG Plat*Year LogPSG Trt*Plat*Ye LogAforb Trt LogAforb Plat <.0001 LogAforb Trt*Plat LogAforb Year <.0001 LogAforb Trt*Year LogAforb Plat*Year LogAforb Trt*Plat*Ye LogPforb Trt LogPforb Plat LogPforb Trt*Plat LogPforb Year <.0001 LogPforb Trt*Year LogPforb Plat*Year LogPforb Trt*Plat*Ye Soil Trt Soil Plat Soil Trt*Plat Soil Year <.0001 Soil Trt*Year Soil Plat*Year Soil Trt*Plat*Ye LichMoss Trt LichMoss Plat LichMoss Trt*Plat LichMoss Year <.0001 LichMoss Trt*Year LichMoss Plat*Year LichMoss Trt*Plat*Ye LogFCSoil Trt <.0001 LogFCSoil Plat <.0001 LogFCSoil Trt*Plat LogFCSoil Year LogFCSoil Trt*Year LogFCSoil Plat*Year LogFCSoil Trt*Plat*Ye LogFCLichMoss Trt LogFCLichMoss Plat LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat LogFCLichMoss Year <.0001 LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year LogFCLichMoss Plat*Year LogFCLichMoss Trt*Plat*Ye PTGDns Trt

16 Yrs1-3 Effects -- Repeated measures effects for first 3 years post-treatment Repeated Measures ANOVA results for each response. Statistically significant values are highlighted Numerator Denominator RESP Effect DF DF FValue ProbF PTGDns Plat PTGDns Trt*Plat PTGDns Year PTGDns Trt*Year PTGDns Plat*Year PTGDns Trt*Plat*Ye LogPSGDns Trt LogPSGDns Plat LogPSGDns Trt*Plat LogPSGDns Year LogPSGDns Trt*Year LogPSGDns Plat*Year LogPSGDns Trt*Plat*Ye LogPforbDns Trt LogPforbDns Plat LogPforbDns Trt*Plat LogPforbDns Year LogPforbDns Trt*Year LogPforbDns Plat*Year LogPforbDns Trt*Plat*Ye LogShrubBMTtl Trt <.0001 LogShrubBMTtl Plat LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Plat LogShrubBMTtl Year LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year LogShrubBMTtl Plat*Year LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Plat*Ye LogTtlBM Trt <.0001 LogTtlBM Plat LogTtlBM Trt*Plat LogTtlBM Year <.0001 LogTtlBM Trt*Year <.0001 LogTtlBM Plat*Year LogTtlBM Trt*Plat*Ye

17 Yrs1-3 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Resp Effect Plat Trt Year Estimate Lower Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogMeanGap Plat NP _ LogMeanGap Plat P _ LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ C LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ C LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ C LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ F LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ F LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ F LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ M LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ M LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ M LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ T LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ T LogMeanGap Trt*Year _ T GapGT2m Plat NP _ GapGT2m Plat P _ GapGT2m Trt*Year _ C GapGT2m Trt*Year _ C GapGT2m Trt*Year _ C GapGT2m Trt*Year _ F GapGT2m Trt*Year _ F GapGT2m Trt*Year _ F GapGT2m Trt*Year _ M GapGT2m Trt*Year _ M GapGT2m Trt*Year _ M GapGT2m Trt*Year _ T GapGT2m Trt*Year _ T GapGT2m Trt*Year _ T LogNumGaps Plat NP _ LogNumGaps Plat P _ LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ C LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ C LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ C LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ F LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ F LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ F LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ M LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ M LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ M LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ T LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ T LogNumGaps Trt*Year _ T LogBRTE Plat*Year NP LogBRTE Plat*Year NP LogBRTE Plat*Year NP LogBRTE Plat*Year P LogBRTE Plat*Year P LogBRTE Plat*Year P LogARTR Trt*Year _ C LogARTR Trt*Year _ C LogARTR Trt*Year _ C LogARTR Trt*Year _ F LogARTR Trt*Year _ F LogARTR Trt*Year _ F LogARTR Trt*Year _ M LogARTR Trt*Year _ M

18 Yrs1-3 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Resp Effect Plat Trt Year Estimate Lower Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogARTR Trt*Year _ M LogARTR Trt*Year _ T LogARTR Trt*Year _ T LogARTR Trt*Year _ T LogPTG Plat NP _ LogPTG Plat P _ LogPTG Trt*Year _ C LogPTG Trt*Year _ C LogPTG Trt*Year _ C LogPTG Trt*Year _ F LogPTG Trt*Year _ F LogPTG Trt*Year _ F LogPTG Trt*Year _ M LogPTG Trt*Year _ M LogPTG Trt*Year _ M LogPTG Trt*Year _ T LogPTG Trt*Year _ T LogPTG Trt*Year _ T LogPSG Plat NP _ LogPSG Plat P _ LogPSG Year LogPSG Year LogAforb Plat*Year NP _ LogAforb Plat*Year NP _ LogAforb Plat*Year NP _ LogAforb Plat*Year P _ LogAforb Plat*Year P _ LogAforb Plat*Year P _ LogPforb Plat NP _ LogPforb Plat P _ LogPforb Year LogPforb Year LogPforb Year Soil Trt*Year _ C Soil Trt*Year _ C Soil Trt*Year _ C Soil Trt*Year _ F Soil Trt*Year _ F Soil Trt*Year _ F Soil Trt*Year _ M Soil Trt*Year _ M Soil Trt*Year _ M Soil Trt*Year _ T Soil Trt*Year _ T Soil Trt*Year _ T LichMoss Trt*Year _ C LichMoss Trt*Year _ C LichMoss Trt*Year _ C LichMoss Trt*Year _ F LichMoss Trt*Year _ F LichMoss Trt*Year _ F LichMoss Trt*Year _ M LichMoss Trt*Year _ M LichMoss Trt*Year _ M LichMoss Trt*Year _ T LichMoss Trt*Year _ T

19 Yrs1-3 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Resp Effect Plat Trt Year Estimate Lower Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LichMoss Trt*Year _ T LogFCSoil Plat*Year NP _ LogFCSoil Plat*Year NP _ LogFCSoil Plat*Year NP _ LogFCSoil Plat*Year P _ LogFCSoil Plat*Year P _ LogFCSoil Plat*Year P _ LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ C LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ C LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ C LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ F LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ F LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ F LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ M LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ M LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ M LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ T LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ T LogFCSoil Trt*Year _ T LogFCLichMoss Plat NP _ LogFCLichMoss Plat P _ LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ C LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ C LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ C LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ F LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ F LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ F LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ M LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ M LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ M LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ T LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ T LogFCLichMoss Trt*Year _ T PTGDns Trt C PTGDns Trt F PTGDns Trt M PTGDns Trt T LogPSGDns Plat NP _ LogPSGDns Plat P _ LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ C LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ C LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ C LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ F LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ F LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ F LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ M LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ M LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ M LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ T LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ T LogPSGDns Trt*Year _ T LogPforbDns Plat NP LogPforbDns Plat P LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ C LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ C LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ C

20 Yrs1-3 Means -- Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Effects Resp Effect Plat Trt Year Estimate Lower Exp(Est) Exp(Lower) Exp(Upper) LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ F LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ F LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ F LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ M LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ M LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ M LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ T LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ T LogShrubBMTtl Trt*Year _ T LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP C _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P C _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP F _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P F _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP M _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P M _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat NP T _ LogTtlBM Trt*Plat P T _ LogTtlBM Trt*Year C LogTtlBM Trt*Year C LogTtlBM Trt*Year C LogTtlBM Trt*Year F LogTtlBM Trt*Year F LogTtlBM Trt*Year F LogTtlBM Trt*Year M LogTtlBM Trt*Year M LogTtlBM Trt*Year M LogTtlBM Trt*Year T LogTtlBM Trt*Year T

21 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Appendix IV Total Herbaceous Biomass ( kg ha -1 ) P = No Imazapic No Imazapic No Imazapic No Imazapic Imazapic Imazapic Imazapic Imazapic Control Fire Mow Tebuthiuron Figure S1. Fuel post-treatment by imazapic interactions of total herbaceous (live and standing) and litter biomass. Symbols represent maximum likelihood mean estimates from best-fit models with bars representing 95% confidence intervals around means.

22 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Appendix V Pre- and post-treatment weather Figure S2. Pre- and post-treatment rainfall, average monthly daily maximum and minimum temperatures including the 30-year average (PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, created 4 Feb 2004) for Moses Coulee, and Saddle Mountain, WA sites based on site-specific weather stations.

23 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al.

24 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Figure S3. Pre- and post-treatment rainfall, average monthly daily maximum and minimum temperatures including the 30-year average (PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, created 4 Feb 2004) for Gray Butte, and Rock Creek, OR sites based on site-specific weather stations.

25 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al.

26 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al. Figure S4. Pre- and post-treatment rainfall, average monthly daily maximum and minimum temperatures including the 30-year average (PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, created 4 Feb 2004) for Onaqui, UT and Owyhee NV sites based on site-specific weather stations.

27 REM-S Online Supplemental Information Pyke et al.

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