2 Different Forms of Tinnitus... Aage R. Møller. 3 Hyperacusis and Disorders of Loudness Perception David M. Baguley and Don J.

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1 Part I Basics About Tinnitus 1 Introduction Different Forms of Tinnitus Hyperacusis and Disorders of Loudness Perception David M. Baguley and Don J. McFerran 4 Misophonia, Phonophobia, and Exploding Head Syndrome Epidemiology of Tinnitus in Adults Epidemiology of Tinnitus in Children Claudia Barros Coelho 7 Genetic Risk Factors in Chronic Tinnitus Philipp G. Sand 8 Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System Interaction Between Somatosensory and Auditory Systems and Susan Shore 10 Pathology of the Auditory System that Can Cause Tinnitus The Role of Auditory Deprivation The Role of Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus xv

2 xvi 13 Neural Synchrony and Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus Larry E. Roberts 14 Similarities Between Tinnitus and Pain Anatomy and Physiology of Pain Behavioral Animal Models of Tinnitus, Pharmacology, and Treatment Richard Salvi, Edward Lobarinas, and Wei Sun 17 Objective Signs of Tinnitus in Humans Bertold Langguth and Dirk De Ridder 18 Functional Neuroimaging Berthold Langguth and Dirk De Ridder 19 Findings from Structural Neuroimaging Berthold Langguth and Michael Landgrebe 20 A Global Brain Model of Tinnitus Winfried Schlee, Isabel Lorenz, Thomas Hartmann, Nadia Müller, Hannah Schulz, and Nathan Weisz. 21 A Heuristic Pathophysiological Model of Tinnitus Dirk De Ridder 22 Methodology of Clinical Trials for Tinnitus Michael Landgrebe, Berthold Langguth, Florian Zeman, and Michael Koller Part II Tinnitus Seen by Different Specialties 23 The Otolaryngologist The Role of the Audiologist in Tinnitus Practice Grant D. Searchfield and David M. Baguley 25 Tinnitus from the Perspective of the Psychologist Karoline V. Greimel and Birgit Kröner-Herwig 26 The Neurologist Miguel J.A. Láinez, Alejandro Ponz, and Anna Piera 27 The Psychiatrist Berthold Langguth

3 xvii 28 The Neurosurgeon Dirk De Ridder 29 The Dentist Ralf Bürgers and Michael Behr 30 The Pharmacologist Ana Belén Elgoyhen and Carla Vanina Rothlin 31 The Neuroscientist James A. Kaltenbach 32 Tinnitus from the Perspective of a Patient George E. Anthou Part III Causes of Tinnitus 33 Introduction and Dirk De Ridder 34 Conductive and Cochlear Hearing Loss Tinnitus and Hearing Loss Giovanna Baracca, Luca Del Bo, and Umberto Ambrosetti 36 Cochlear and Non-cochlear Age-Related Hearing Loss and Tinnitus Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Implication for Tinnitus Donald Henderson, Eric C. Bielefeld, Edward Lobarinas, and Chiemi Tanaka 38 Tinnitus and Ménière s Disease Yu-Lan Mary Ying and Moises A. Arriaga 39 Tinnitus and Vestibular Schwannoma: Overview and Clinical Correlations Jason May, Virginia Ramachandran, and Anthony T. Cacace 40 Microvascular Compression of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve Dirk De Ridder and 41 Causes of Tinnitus: Cerebrovascular Diseases Miguel J.A. Láinez, Alejandro Ponz, and Anna Piera 42 Complications to Medical Treatment Paolo Enrico and Ron Goodey

4 xviii 43 Tinnitus Caused and Influenced by the Somatosensory System Tanit Ganz Sanchez and Carina Bezerra Rocha 44 Tinnitus and the Masticatory System Michael Behr Part IV Differential Diagnosis of Tinnitus 45 Introduction Berthold Langguth 46 Algorithm for the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Tinnitus Berthold Langguth, Eberhard Biesinger, Luca Del Bo, Dirk De Ridder, Ron Goodey, Carlos Herraiz,, Miguel J.A. Lainez, Michael Landgrebe, Michel Paolino, Benjamin Questier, Tanit G. Sanchez, and Grant D. Searchfield 47 History and Questionnaires Berthold Langguth, Grant D. Searchfield, Eberhard Biesinger, and Karoline V. Greimel 48 Clinical Otologic Assessment Audiologic Clinical Assessment Umberto Ambrosetti and Luca Del Bo 50 Clinical Otoneurological Examination Carlos Herráiz 51 Diagnosis of Tinnitus: Neurological Examination Miguel J.A. Láinez, Anna Piera, and Alejandro Ponz 52 Diagnosis of Somatosensory Tinnitus Tanit Ganz Sanchez and Carina Bezerra Rocha 53 Differential Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscle Disorders in Patients with Tinnitus Ralf Bürgers, Martin Gosau, Sebastian Hahnel, and Michael Behr 54 Psychologic/Psychiatric Assessment Michael Landgrebe and Berthold Langguth Part V Clinical Characteristics of Different Forms of Tinnitus 55 Introduction Berthold Langguth, Dirk De Ridder, and

5 xix 56 Sudden Hearing Loss and Tinnitus Carlos Herráiz 57 Tinnitus and Hyperacusis/Phonophobia Carlos Herráiz and Isabel Diges 58 Clinical Description of a Different Form of Tinnitus: Intermittent Tinnitus Miguel J.A. Láinez, Anna Piera, and Alejandro Ponz 59 Pulsatile Tinnitus Dirk De Ridder 60 Ménière s Disease and Tinnitus Michel Paolino and Vénéra Ghulyan-Bedikian 61 Tinnitus with Headaches Miguel J.A. Láinez, Anna Piera, and Alejandro Ponz 62 Tinnitus and Psychiatric Co-morbidity Michael Landgrebe and Berthold Langguth 63 Tinnitus and Depression Berthold Langguth and Michael Landgrebe 64 Tinnitus and Anxiety Michael Landgrebe and Berthold Langguth 65 Tinnitus and Sleep Tatjana Crönlein, P. Geisler, and G. Hajak 66 Posttraumatic Tinnitus Dirk De Ridder and Berthold Langguth 67 Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposures: Auditory and Vestibular Pathology Michael E. Hoffer and Carey Balaban Part VI Management of Tinnitus 68 Introduction Ron Goodey 69 The Prevention of Tinnitus and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Larry E. Roberts, William Hal Martin, and Daniel J. Bosnyak 70 Counseling and Psycho-Education for Tinnitus Management Grant D. Searchfield, Jane Magnusson, Georgina Shakes, Eberhard Biesinger, and Orianna Kong

6 xx 71 Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) Karoline V. Greimel and Birgit Kröner-Herwig 72 Auditory Training in Tinnitus Larry E. Roberts and Daniel J. Bosnyak 73 Tinnitus Retraining Therapy Pawel J. Jastreboff 74 Sound Stimulation Luca Del Bo, Giovanna Baracca, Stella Forti, and Arnaud Norena 75 Rehabilitation of Tinnitus Patients Using the Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment Dayse Távora-Vieira and Paul B. Davis 76 Middle Ear Implantable Devices in Tinnitus Treatment Eberhard Biesinger and Manuela Mazzoli 77 Cochlear Implants and Tinnitus Andrea Kleine Punte, Olivier Meeus, and Paul Van de Heyning 78 Pharmacological Approaches to Tinnitus Treatment Ana Belén Elgoyhen and Berthold Langguth 79 The Endocannabinoid System in the Cochlear Nucleus and Its Implications for Tinnitus Treatment Paul F. Smith 80 Treatment of Somatosensory Tinnitus Tanit Ganz Sanchez and Carina Bezerra Rocha 81 Tinnitus Treatment: Botulinum Toxin Miguel J.A. Láinez, Alejandro Ponz, and Anna Piera Part VII Surgical Treatments 82 Surgical Treatments: Introduction Surgical Treatment: The Ear Long-Term Follow-Up of Microvascular Decompression for Tinnitus Jacques Magnan, Benoit Lafont, and Charbel Rameh 85 Vestibular Schwannoma Dirk De Ridder

7 xxi 86 Neuromodulation: Introduction Berthold Langguth and Dirk De Ridder 87 Neurobiofeedback Thomas Hartmann, Isabel Lorenz, and Nathan Weisz 88 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , Berthold Langguth, and Eman Khedr 89 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs): A New Tool for the Treatment of Tinnitus? Sven Vanneste and Dirk De Ridder 90 Auditory Cortex Stimulation for Tinnitus Dirk De Ridder and Sven Vanneste 91 Cutaneous Stimulation Complementary Tinnitus Therapies Manuela Mazzoli 93 Low-Level Laser Therapy Similarities Between Treatments of Tinnitus and Central Pain Dirk De Ridder and 95 Treatment Strategies of Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscle Disorders in Patients with Tinnitus Ralf Bürgers, Michael Behr, and Martin Gosau Author Index Subject Index

Preface. system has put emphasis on neuroscience, both in studies and in the treatment of tinnitus.

Preface. system has put emphasis on neuroscience, both in studies and in the treatment of tinnitus. Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) has many forms, and the severity of tinnitus ranges widely from being a slight nuisance to affecting a person s daily life. How loud the tinnitus is perceived does not directly