KI7400C/7800C Series Optical Light Source KI7600C Series Optical Power Meter KI7300C/7700C Series Optical Loss Test Set

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2 OPERATION MANUAL KI7400C/7800C Series Optical Light Source KI7600C Series Optical Power Meter KI7300C/7700C Series Optical Loss Test Set Congratulations on your purchase of this equipment, engineered to provide excellent performance, convenience and reliability. To get the best use from your instrument and to ensure its safe operation, please spend a few minutes to read this manual. Made in Australia. International Patents Granted Copyright Kingfisher International Pty Ltd 5 th Edition, May

3 CONTENTS Service and Support 4 Introduction and Applications 5 General Safety Summary 7 Light Source Safety Summary 9 Battery and External Power 10 Optical Connector 11 Getting Started and Turning On 13 Autotest Overview 14 Local and Remote Reference Methods 15 Measuring One Way Loss in Autotest 17 Power Meter Manual Operation 18 Light Source Manual Operation 19 Recording, Storing, Recalling Readings and Clearing Memory 20 PC Interface and External Software 22 Care of your Instrument 23 Accuracy Considerations 24 Definition of Terms 27 Specifications 28 Ordering Information 34 Calibration and Maintenance 38 Performance Verification Tests 42 Quick Reference Guide 54 Disclaimer and Warranty 61 User Notes 62 PLEASE REFER TO THE CONTROL PANEL PICTURE IN THE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE SECTION OF THIS MANUAL - 2 -

4 KI7600C SERIES OPTICAL POWER METER KI7400C/7800C SERIES OPTICAL LIGHT SOURCE KI7300C/7700C SERIES OPTICAL LOSS TEST SET -3 -

5 SERVICE AND SUPPORT Applications Support Please visit to see our comprehensive Application Notes written to support instrument users. Look at to find distributor details from the Contact Us section. Our local agents are able to offer excellent applications advice in your language and time zone. Please visit our website on for a current list of regional service centres. Otherwise if you are having difficulties, please feel free to contact sales@kingfisher.com.au for applications support. Instrument Service Qualified personnel must perform adjustment, maintenance or repair of this product. To obtain service, please contact your local Kingfisher International distributor or our office in Australia: Tel: (61) Fax: (61) sales@kingfisher.com.au If returning equipment to us for service or calibration, please download and complete the Return Material Authorization Form located on the Support page on our web site. To avoid delays and minimise disruption for our customers, we offer a fixed price repair service. For the staff at our fully equipped service and calibration centre, it is their pleasure to keep your equipment performing at its very best

6 INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS The KI7000C Series Optical Power Meter, Optical Light Source and Optical Loss Test Set are used to test all types of fiber optic systems, offering exceptional level of convenience and productivity. Compact, robust, reliable and simple to operate, this is the ideal equipment for field or laboratory use by installers, technicians and engineers. Typical applications: Attenuation testing System power testing Continuity testing with the test tone features Quality assurance and acceptance testing Telecom construction and maintenance, CATV, LAN and R&D applications Full CWDM, DWDM and out of band testing capability All instruments are compatible with other equipment with Autotest mode. All series have options for high performance single mode fiber testing, while KI7800C Series Optical Light Source and KI7700C Series Optical Loss Test Set have options for multimode. A convenient menu-driven interface guides the user through operational sequences with hidden keypad access to advanced functions. The interchangeable optical connectors are protected by a snap on cover and are easily disassembled for cleaning. A wide variety of connector styles are available as an option. The design of the instrument includes shock absorbing corners for drop protection and tough polycarbonate housing. The latest materials and methods have been used to produce an elegant, yet rugged instrument. These instruments feature very long battery life of 360 hours for the meter, and 190 hours for the source. Alternatively, instruments can be used with optional external power supply OPT103B or powered via USB cable. Automated testing using external PC software KITS reporting software allows real-time instrument control and data download, and is easily customised to suit most languages and reporting requirements. Real time display, data logging and label printing functions are included. KITS enables merging of test results from multiple instruments and supports bi-directional testing for one way equipment using successive measurements

7 INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS Optical Power Meter: Superior measurement confidence is achieved with a unique Total Uncertainty Specification, which covers the full temperature, measurement and connector range. NATA (ILAC) traceable calibration certificate is supplied. Warm up period, range-changing delays and user dark current zeroing are eliminated. The sensitive optical tone detector displays the actual measured tone frequency in Hz. If a standard tone is detected, the buzzer sounds, which is useful for fiber identification and continuity testing. Power stability testing can be performed using the max/min recording function. The display can show dbm, db and linear units, and can be put on hold for convenient data recording. Standard power meters work with fiber core diameter up to 200 micron, with both PC and APC polish connectors. Various detector options include Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs), Silicon (Si) and its attenuated versions. The InGaAs detector is the most common detector for general use. Power meter calibration options are available from 635 nm to 1650 nm, which cover all popular application wavelengths, including CWDM calibrations from 1270nm to 1610nm in 20 nm increments. Power range is from +27dBm to -70dBm. The KI7601C power meter range includes a 635 nm visible laser for extra convenience when locating faults. Optical Light Source: Multi- wavelength sources have switchable wavelengths through one port, which makes operation faster. Laser sources at 1310/1390/1490/1550/1610/1625 are used for testing single mode fiber systems. LED sources at 850 / 1300 nm are used for testing multimode fiber systems. The 1300 nm LED can also perform short distance single mode testing. Light source features re-connection repeatability of 0.1dB. Combined with their excellent stability, this provides more accurate measurement results. Optical Loss Test Set: These instruments incorporate traceable Optical Power Meter and multi wavelength Optical Light Source in one convenient package, thus reducing operational and equipment inventory costs for larger work groups

8 GENERAL SAFETY SUMMARY The following safety signs and symbols specify general safety precautions which must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture and intended use of the instrument. Kingfisher International assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements. Before operation, review the instrument and user manual for safety instructions. You must follow these to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in safe condition. WARNING! The WARNING! sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING! sign until the indicated safety conditions are fully understood and met. CAUTION! The CAUTION! sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part, or all, of the product. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION! sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.! The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the apparatus against damage. Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container for damage. If there is damage to the container or cushioning, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shipment for completeness and verified the instrument both mechanically and electrically. If the contents are incomplete, mechanical damage or defect is apparent, or if an instrument does not pass the operator s checks, notify the nearest Sales/Service Office. To check instrument performance, please refer to Performance Verification Tests section of this manual. WARNING! You must return malfunctioning instrument to an authorised Service Centre for repair and calibration

9 GENERAL SAFETY SUMMARY Operating Environment The range of Kingfisher equipment covered by this manual can be operated at temperatures between -15 C and +55 C and at relative humidity of <95 %. Storage & Shipment The range of Kingfisher equipment covered by this manual can be stored or shipped at temperatures between -25 C and +70 C and at relative humidity of less than 95 %. Protect the units from temperature extremes that may cause condensation within it. Safety Power Meter contains no hazardous optical or electrical items. When using this equipment, optical safety precautions should be observed commensurate with the maximum available source power, since most of this power can also be coupled out of the instrument. WARNING! Observe optical safety when using high power. Optical safety requirements at high power levels MUST be observed or eye damage is likely. Organisations and users operating optical equipment with these power levels MUST determine and observe relevant safety precautions, which are beyond the scope of this manual. Line Power Requirements This equipment operates at line power, when applied to the optional external power supply OPT103B

10 LIGHT SOURCE SAFETY SUMMARY Laser and LED Safety Information Laser Fabry-Perot or DFB semiconductor laser Wavelength Part number specific LED Surface emitting semiconductor LED Wavelength Part number specific Max CW output power¹ 1mW Beam waist diameter 9 µm Numerical aperture 0.1 Laser Class according to IEC (2001) International 21 CFR (1995) USA 635 nm Class nm Class 1 Maximum permissible CW output power² IEC (2001) International 635nm, class 2 1mW 1310nm, class mW 1550nm, class 1 10 mw 21 CFR (1995) USA 635nm, class 2 1mW 1310nm, class 1 2mW 1550nm, class 1 8.1mW Note 1: Maximum CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the source can produce at its output connector. Refer to specification sheet for actual operating power Note 2: Maximum permissible CW output power is the highest optical power that is permitted within the appropriate laser class. Refer to specification sheet for actual operating power In the USA, laser / LED sources specified by this data sheet are classified as Class 1 and 2 according to 21 CFR (1995). Internationally, the same laser sources are classified as Class 1 and 2 according to IEC (2001). WARNING! Optical power levels in fiber optic systems can cause permanent eye injury and damage to eyesight. Never look into the end of an optical cable or connector, which might be attached to an active source. Do not enable a laser when there is no fiber attached to the optical output connector. Optical magnifying instruments (eg microscope) increase eye hazard. Disconnect the source before using an optical magnifier. The laser module has a built-in safety circuitry which will disable the optical output in the case of a fault condition, however, this cannot be guaranteed. An equipment assurance program is recommended to check for safe laser operation

11 BATTERY AND EXTERNAL POWER These instruments are powered by two 1.5 V dry Alkaline C size batteries. About 30 % capacity is obtained when using two 1.5V AA alkaline batteries and supplied AA to C size battery adaptors or 50% capacity when using two 1.2 V rechargeable NiMH C size batteries. Instrument Function Optical Power Meter 360 Optical Light Source Battery run time in hours: 190 in Autotest When the batteries are low, the low-battery indicator is shown on the display. At this stage, there is approximately enough energy for another 10 hours of use. To save energy, the instrument automatically turns off after 10 minutes without operation. To change the batteries, open the cover of the battery compartment at the base of the instrument, remove the batteries, insert new ones (check polarity) and close the cover again. For operation of the instrument by external power, use AC adaptor OPT103B or connect to computer via USB cable. Suitable external power packs are easily available and must meet the following requirements: Comply with safety regulations and rated for local mains supply voltage Regulated or unregulated DC output 6-12V at 300mA max Connection polarity:+ ve pin Use of the external power supply disconnects the batteries as a safety precaution, since accidental charging of alkaline cells is hazardous. Rechargeable batteries must be removed for charging by an external charger. CAUTION! Do not use lithium batteries or other batteries with a nominal voltage greater than 1.8 V. The instrument may be damaged. Protect our environment! Some batteries contain toxic heavy metals, so please dispose of them by returning to a re-cycling centre. Batteries purchased from Kingfisher agents can be returned to them for appropriate disposal

12 OPTICAL CONNECTOR To access the optical connectors, grasp a top corner(s) of the instrument, and pull off the cover(s). Each optical port is mounted on a swivel, which allows the connector to be angled outwards for accessibility, and then pushed back and covered with the snap cover to provide dirt and drop protection. Different styles of standard and optional connector adaptors can be easily fitted by the user. The supplied standard connector adaptors have ceramic sleeves to avoid connector metal dust contamination. CAUTION! Do not use damaged or incompatible connector adaptors. When not in use, keep the test ports and connectors covered. To minimize connectors wear, instrument can be stored without removing the test leads. Never touch connector tips with your fingers, since body oils and dirt can impair its performance. WARNING! Remove batteries before using a microscope to inspect instrument connectors. Power Meter: This port can be used with both PC and APC connector styles. Bare fiber adaptors must achieve fiber eccentricity of ± 100 microns, and an end tolerance of ± 300 microns relative to the ferrule end. Preferred bare fiber adaptors consist of a connector with fiber retention device or other end stop. For regular work with bare fibers, it is preferable to use an alternative arrangement such as a multimode pigtail with a v-groove or mechanical splice. CAUTION! Do not scratch the detector lens with glass fiber end when using bare fiber adaptors, or the instrument will be permanently damaged Light Source: A Light Source is either PC or APC connector-specific. This is determined when ordering the instrument, and can only be changed at the factory. CAUTION! The use of bare fiber adaptors with the source is not recommended as permanent instrument damage will occur, and very unstable measurements are likely

13 OPTICAL CONNECTOR How to clean the optical connectors Always clean the mating connector tip and ferrule before mating, using approved materials. CAUTION! Never use abrasive cleaners or permanent connectors damage may occur. Power Meter: The glass power meter interface does not make contact with the inserted connector-there is a slight air gap. Therefore, it will not wear, and only needs occasional cleaning. First remove interchangeable connector adaptor, then use a soft brush, alcohol, air can or Blu Tac to clean glass interface. Light Source: WARNING! Disable source when cleaning optical interfaces. To clean the interface without removing the adaptor, use a stick style connector cleaner. This cleans both the adaptor and end face in one operation. Alternatively, first remove the interchangeable adaptor to access the glass interface. Then blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air. If this is not sufficient, then clean the interface by rubbing a lint-free lens cloth over the surface using small circular movements

14 GETTING STARTED AND TURNING ON Pull off instrument connector cover(s). To install a connector adaptor, align the locating slot on the side of the through adaptor with that on the instrument connector, and press it on. To remove an adaptor, press the release button on the back of the instrument and then pull off the adaptor. It is easier to pull off the adaptor with a test lead in place, since this gives better grip. Install the batteries, or plug in external power into the socket at the top of the instrument or connect instrument to the computer. To switch on the instrument for permanent operation, press and hold [POWER] for 3 seconds until Perm is displayed. The display will briefly show firmware version. To view all display segments during instrument turn-on, hold down the first button on the left at the bottom of the display. To turn the instrument off, press [POWER] again for 2 seconds. If the battery is low, this will be indicated with a battery symbol on the display. Should the instrument fail to turn on, the microprocessor may need re-booting. To do this, remove the batteries and any other external power for at least 40 seconds. Note that hidden keypad is accessed by lifting up the hinged display cover. To backlight the display temporarily, press light button (second on the right, bottom row on the hidden keypad). To illuminate continuously, press and hold down light button for 3 seconds. To disable or enable a buzzer, press and hold down [ ] on hidden keypad for 3 seconds. To add the carry strap, slip the end of the strap through the slit on the curved section at the back of the instrument, and secure the buckle. Power Meter: After turn-on, Power Meter will perform a self-calibration sequence, and then display absolute power in dbm at the previously set wavelength. If HI or LO are displayed, the input is out of range. The Power Meter requires no warm up, and no user adjustment of dark current to achieve its specified performance. Light Source: After instrument turn-on, press [Source] to enable Light Source. On the KI7700C and KI7800C Series instruments, the light source requires a warm up period at the set wavelength for 15 min to achieve specified stability. For KI7300C and KI7400C series instruments, the light source achieves specified stability without any warm up period

15 AUTOTEST OVERVIEW Autotest performs automated loss measurement and wavelength detection by data exchange between the Light source and Optical Power meter. Autotest remains synchronised for about 8 seconds after disconnection, so the user can change optical connections without re-starting Autotest each time thus achieving productivity gains. Autotest reduces source warm up drift and battery consumption compared to manual operation. To realise the full benefit of Autotest, please use the KITS software to achieve real-time data acquisition to facilitate acceptance testing and reporting in the field. Free KITS software available on our website includes a comprehensive on-line manual with full operating sequences. Instruments compatibility Any Kingfisher equipment featuring Autotest is compatible, eg. any Autotest source / loss test set can be used with any Autotest meter for one direction loss testing as long as both instruments have matching wavelengths. Initiating Autotest operation Connect Light source to the Power meter with test lead and turn on the instruments. On Light source, press [AUTOTEST]. The meter automatically sets to the correct wavelength and displays the absolute power in dbm, with the operating wavelength shown at the top right. In Autotest, the display rotates through all source wavelengths. To lock a display, press side on [-/+]. In this mode, nm will be flashing to show that the selected wavelength is locked. The nominal source power transmitted from the source is on the left hand side of the power meter display. Pressing [Abs/Rel] will make meter to display measured optical power in db R with the reference value shown on the left side. To exit Autotest, press [MENU] on Light source or disconnect patch lead for more than 8 seconds. Wavelength selection mode If the required regular testing uses fewer wavelengths than the Light source has available, then it may be convenient to reduce the number of active Autotest wavelengths. For example, instead of the source rotating through 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1610 nm, it can be set to test at 1310/1550 nm only. To switch wavelengths on/off: press [SOURCE] and then [-/+] to select wavelength. to check whether selected wavelength is switched on/off, press right hand button below the screen, its status will be indicated as IN or OUT. on hidden keypad, press [ ] till Shift comes on LCD, then right hand button below the screen to change status of selected wavelength. Autotest operates only with wavelengths selected as IN. Selected settings will be retained at the next turn on

16 LOCAL AND REMOTE REFERENCE METHODS Local and Remote Reference methods. Instruments should be referenced prior to making loss measurements, both local and remote reference methods are supported. The remote reference method is useful for long distance testing. Although this method has slightly lower accuracy compared to local referencing, it is quite adequate for general link loss testing. The local reference method provides high accuracy and is very efficient for short distance loss testing, where both ends of the system can be accessed readily by one meter, eg. patch leads testing. Note: when setting the reference value, use test leads with a similar fiber type to the system under test. This is particularly important for multimode systems. Also, connector loss between the patch lead and source port will be added to the final loss measurement, so care should be taken to use test leads in good condition with clean connectors. Note: the number of test leads used when taking reference is a function of test requirements Remote Reference method Connect Light Source port to the Power Meter port. Select [POWER], [Autotest], [Abs/Rel] and [Set Ref] for 3 seconds. Meters will briefly display BUSY and then 0.00 db R. Figure 1. Remote reference set up-two Loss Test Sets

17 LOCAL AND REMOTE REFERENCE METHODS Local Reference method Connect the Light Source to the Power Meter. Select [POWER] on both instruments On Light source, press [Auto test] On Power meter, press [Abs/Rel] and [Set Ref] for 3 seconds. Meter will briefly display BUSY and then 0.00 db R. Figure 2. Local reference set up Light Source and Power Meter

18 MEASURING ONE WAY LOSS IN AUTOTEST This method is applicable for loss measurements in the set up where data communication is one way only. Testing on one fiber can be achieved with: single Loss Test set Light Source and Power Meter Alternatively, two Loss Test Sets used for simultaneous loss testing on two fibers will ensure higher productivity. After instruments have been referenced: connect the device under test (DUT) to the Light Source and Power Meter press [Autotest] Power Meter will now display insertion loss in db R at all available source wavelengths. Simultaneous loss measurements on two fibers. Two Loss Test Sets will support simultaneous loss testing on two fibers in the set up as below: Figure 3. Set up for simultaneous loss testing on two fibers Note: the results will be stored on both instruments and then merged later, so records management needs extra care

19 POWER METER MANUAL OPERATION This section refers to manual operation of KI7600C Series Power Meter and KI7300C/7700CSeries, Power Meter section. In the Loss Test Set, Power meter section can be operated with external light source or in combination with Light source section of the instrument to measure Tx / Rx absolute power levels, to perform continuity or loss testing. The instrument will link Light Source and Power Meter wavelengths when both sections used in combination. To measure the operational power level in a fiber optic system, the Power meter is used in dbm or linear modes. To measure optical loss or attenuation, the Power meter is used in db mode, and the source power is taken as a reference. To use Power meter section of Loss Test set as individual instrument, turn on Loss Test Set and select [Power Meter]. Power meter will be operational at the last used wavelength. To scroll wavelengths, press [-/+]. The display will show nominal wavelength in nm. To toggle absolute / relative display mode, press [Abs/Rel]. Measured optical power will be displayed in dbm or db R. To set reference, press [Abs/Rel] and then [Set Ref] for 3 seconds. When in relative mode, the reference value is displayed on the left hand side of the display. To stop / start display update, press [Hold]. The symbol will flash when the display is on hold. To toggle log / linear display mode, press [db/w] on the hidden keypad. To display minimum and maximum recorded power for selected wavelength, press [ ] and then [Max/Min] on the hidden keypad. Press [ ], then [Max/Min] and hold for 3 seconds to re-start the recording process. This function resets automatically when instrument parameters are altered, making it handy data logging function for the field use. If the meter detects a test tone between 150 and 9999 Hz, the display will change to show the actual measured modulation frequency in Hz. If a standard tone is detected (eg 270 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz), a buzzer will sound. This is useful for fiber identification and signalling. The meter can be used to check the actual modulation frequency of test sources (between 150 and 9999 Hz)

20 LIGHT SOURCE MANUAL OPERATION This section refers to manual operation of KI7400C/7800C Series Light Source and KI7300C/7700C Series Loss Test Set, Light Source Section. After instrument turn on, the display shows Source off. To turn on the source emitter, press [Source]. The source is scrolled or turned off using [-/+]. The active wavelength is shown on the right hand side of the display and source power level is at the left hand side. Press [Source], then [Mod] to display modulation frequency. To change modulation frequency, press [Source], then [ ] and [KHz] on the hidden keypad. Use [+/-] to scroll available modulation frequencies: 0.27 KHz, 1 khz, 2 khz, then press [Set] to store. Laser Output Power Adjustment To adjust laser output power, turn the laser on, then select [ ] and [Level] on the hidden keypad. Press [-/+] to adjust the level, then [Set] to save. This function does not operate in Autotest mode and is not available on LED sources. Visible Laser Operation (KI7601C instruments only) Visible laser is a useful low skill fault finding tool and is either PC or APC connector-specific. This is determined when ordering the instrument, and can only be changed at the factory. The visible laser works equally well in single mode and multimode systems. Although red light is visible at the fiber end up to about 5km, best performance will be achieved over distances of less than 1km. If the laser light is inserted into a faulty system, the fault point will glow red visible through 3mm patch lead jackets. Please note this should be tested before proceeding as some types of patch lead jackets absorb light. It is also generally possible to locate faulty connectors in the same way. To switch on the visible laser, press [POWER] then [SOURCE]. To turn off the laser, press [-/+]. To improve visibility, the laser is modulated at 2Hz. To change modulation frequency, press [ ] and [KHz] on the hidden keypad. Use [+/-] to scroll available modulation frequencies: 0.27 KHz, 1 khz, 2 khz, then press [Set] to store. WARNING! The KI7601C visible laser, classified as Class 2, is eye safe as long as magnifying devices are not being used

21 RECORDING, STORING, RECALLING READINGS AND CLEARING MEMORY KI7000C Series instruments provide several options for storing and recording data: Meter Reference Value The power meter reference value for each wavelength is stored in non-volatile memory. It is displayed on the left of the display when in relative mode. Meter Display Hold To hold the display at its current value, press [HOLD]. To continue updating the display, press [Hold] again. Automatic MAX / MIN Recording To display the minimum and maximum recorded power meter over a period, press [ ] and [Max/Min] on hidden keypad. The display will show the maximum and minimum values in sequence. To re-set, press [ ], [Max/Min] and hold for 3 seconds. This function also resets when instrument parameters are altered. Note: This function records drift, but may not be suitable to record transients faster than 1 Hz, due to the integrating data converter. User Memory The non-volatile user memory stores test data, which can then be displayed or downloaded to the spreadsheet in the KITS software. Overview of stored data: Data stored in Autotest mode - One Way loss testing: light source serial number, nominal output power, dbm and operational wavelengths, nm measured optical power in dbm, db R and power meter reference value, dbm Data stored in Power meter mode: measured optical power in dbm, db R and power meter reference value, dbm detected wavelength, nm Data stored in Light source mode: nominal output power, dbm operational wavelength, nm In KI7300C/7700C/7600C Series instruments, the following functions are available: Recording and storing data Recalling stored data Clearing memory

22 RECORDING, STORING, RECALLING READINGS AND CLEARING MEMORY Recording and storing data To access memory locations, press [ ]. To exit, press [Exit]. To record, press [M+]. Data will be stored in the next available location. In Autotest, all test data will be stored in one location and busy will be displayed while it is being recorded. If display is in Hold mode, data on selected wavelength will be stored. To record data at a particular location, press [ ], then [-/+] to select the location, [Set] and [M+]. This will overwrite any previous data stored there. Recalling stored data Note: return to Menu to recall data recorded in Autotest mode. For KI7600C/7300C/7700C Series, data recorded in Power meter and Light source modes can be accessed in one of these modes or via Menu. To recall recorded data, press [MR] and [-/+] to specify location. For data recorded in Autotest, press [-/+] to view measurements at all source wavelengths. For each wavelength, to step through all available Autotest measurements, select [MR], [-/+] and then press [ ] repeatedly. To display recalled value in db R, press [Abs/Rel]. Clearing memory A full memory at a particular location is indicated by activated buzzer. To clear all stored data at selected location, press [MR] and [Exit] simultaneously for 3 seconds. The buzzer will sound and display will show clr. Memory capacity (in Autotest) Working memory capacity is determined by the configuration of your instruments. The capacity of one instrument is illustrated in Table 1, the combined capacity of the instrument pair (eg. two Loss Test Sets) is No of readings x 2: Mode No of source wavelengths Autotest Autotest No of readings Figure 4.Memory capacity of a single Power Meter /Loss Test Set

23 PC INTERFACE AND EXTERNAL SOFTWARE The KI7000C Series instruments feature USB interface and can be remotely accessed and controlled from an external PC. KITS software Free KITS software available on our website enables instrument control and transfer of live or stored data to an Excel spreadsheet, making it ideal for data logging and reporting in the field. KITS is can be easily customised to change language, terminology or to add new reporting features. Functions currently supported by KITS are: Live Power Meter display Two Way loss reporting by merging one direction data Spreadsheet to record loss measurements with direct clickand point data insertion or memory download. Data logging with graph and statistical information

24 CARE OF YOUR INSTRUMENT Follow the directions in this manual on optical connectors care. During prolonged storage, remove batteries to eliminate the possibility of acid leakage. Use only high quality sealed alkaline or NiMH batteries. During storage and transport, keep the instrument in its carry case to protect against crushing, vibration, dust and moisture. The instrument is resistant to normal dust and moisture, however it is not waterproof. If moisture gets into the instrument, dry it out carefully before using it again. Where possible, keep instrument away from strong sunlight. Clean the instrument case using alcohol or other non solvent cleaning agents. Acetone or other active solvents may damage the case. The instrument housing is made of tough polycarbonate material with impact absorbing rubberised corner features, and is therefore drop resistant. CAUTION! Input optical power must not exceed the damage level specified for each detector type

25 ACCURACY CONSIDERATIONS Keep optical connectors clean and in good condition. To reduce the effect of polarisation changes, the fiber system should be neat, coiled and physically stable. In multimode systems, modal noise and general uncertainty are much worse than in single mode systems. Optimum measurement repeatability will be obtained by use of a mandrel wrap. Power Meter: Using an APC connector at the power meter interface will allow to reduce line reflections and to improve measurement stability in the laser based single mode systems. This is important when measuring small connector losses. Light Source: Light source power may drift. When you have finished a test, go back to the start position to check if the light source power is still within acceptable limits. Note that specifications are for typical drift and warm up period, but the actual drift will vary between instruments and test situations. With exception of KI7300C and KI7400C Series, most available laser sources are sensitive to reflections. Varying reflections can induce laser source instability of around 0.3 db. This is very difficult to verify without a special test system, but can cause errors. Reduced reflection will result in improved repeatability. Due to emitter center wavelength uncertainty (eg ± 20 nm), fiber attenuation may vary with different light sources

26 ACCURACY CONSIDERATIONS DWDM Loss and Power Measurements The DWDM bands are typically within 1525 ~ 1610 nm band. For this application, an InGaAs detector calibrated at 1550 nm gives good absolute accuracy at all DWDM wavelengths. Testing optical loss at 1610 or 1625 nm is common, since this represents the worst case attenuation in most systems. High power InGaAs detectors may be required to measure the system power level. CWDM Loss and Power Measurements The CWDM band is from 1270 ~ 1610 nm at 20 nm spacing, however, 1490 ~ 1610 nm is more common since it avoids the water absorption peak at 1383 nm. The most common operating wavelengths for FTTH PON systems are currently 1310 / 1490 / 1550 nm. As in DWDM application, an InGaAs detector gives good absolute accuracy. Because of the broad operating wavelengths encountered, the power meter calibration wavelength needs to be matched to the measured wavelength, or absolute errors may be excessive. Many systems are measured at 1390 nm to test for the water peak, and at 1625 nm to measure the high end attenuation limit. At 1625 nm, the fiber attenuation is actually very sensitive to wavelength, since the silica infra-red absorption zone is reached. So the wavelength tolerance of this particular laser is a major issue, especially since many older source instruments have a tolerance of 30 nm

27 ACCURACY CONSIDERATIONS Uncertainty due to +/- 30 nm λ tolerance Window Si Ge Ge InGaAs InGaAs nm 25ºC 0ºC "A" "B" db Normalized Power Meter Wavelength Dependence Relative Responsivity A/W Si H3B H5 Ge 0 ºC Ge 25 ºC InGaAs B series InGaAs A Series Wavelength nm

28 DEFINITION OF TERMS Power Meter Power Range: The range of input powers for which the instrument can be used. Maximum Input Power: The input power not to be exceeded to avoid destroying the instrument. Uncertainty at Reference Conditions: The uncertainty for the specified set of reference conditions, including all uncertainties in the calibration chain from the national laboratory to the test meter (connectors and test leads must be absolutely clean and undamaged). Reference conditions are the conditions during the responsivity calibration. Total Uncertainty: The uncertainty for a specified set of operating conditions, including noise and drift (connectors and test leads must be absolutely clean and undamaged). Autotest Sensitivity: The power level below which Autotest does not work. Light Source Output Power: The CW output power at the specified wavelength, at the end of a reference cable. Power Uncertainty / Repeatability: Uncertainty in power level at the end of a reference cable. Short / Long Term (Power) Stability: In CW mode, the uncertainty of the power level observed over a given time, compared to the mean power during this time. Measured with an averaging optical power meter, a 9/125µm fiber, at constant temperature, within a specified temperature window, and at line voltage. Center wavelength: The wavelength representing the centre of mass of the selected peaks: λ CW = (1/ Po)Σ( P i λ i ), where Pi and λi are the power and wavelength of each spectral component and Po is the total power. Spectral Bandwidth: FWHM (full width at half the maximum) describes the spectral width of the half-power points of the laser, assuming a Gaussian envelope of the spectral power distribution. The half-power points are those where the power-spectral density is one half of the peak amplitude of the Gaussian curve: and where: λ = center wavelength of laser diode (in vacuum) P P λ M = Σ P i = total power, in watts = power of i th longitudinal mode = wavelength of i th longitudinal mode (in vacuum) = multiplication factor; for a source with a Gaussian envelope M = 2.35; for other types of spectra, use M = 2.35 as well

29 SPECIFICATIONS Size: 190 x 130 x 70 mm, 7.5" x 5.1" x 2.8". Weight: Operating/ Storage: Power: Battery life: 500 gm, 1.1 lb. Shipping 1.5 Kg, 3.3 lb. -15 to 55 C / -25 to 70 C. 2 alkaline C cells 7.6 A/hr, (or 2 AA cells - using supplied adaptor) or external 9V DC with 2.5 mm +ve pin. Selectable auto-off, low battery indicator and back lit display. 360 hrs Power Meter/190 hrs laser in Autotest Case: Display: Resolution: Polycarbonate, 1 meter drop tested. 4 digit high contrast LCD Log: 0.01 db. Linear: 3 digits ( ) or 0.01 nw. Tone detection: 150 ~ 9999 Hz ±1%

30 SPECIFICATIONS: Power Meter Power Meter: - KI7600C Detector Type Response λ nm Damage Level dbm Calibration λ nm Power Range dbm Autotest Sensitivity dbm Mid range Linearity¹ db Calibration Accuracy 2 % Polarisation Sensitivity db Total Uncertainty 3 db InGaAs 600 ~ , 820, 850, 980, 1270, 1290, 1300, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450, 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610, 1625, ~ ~ % (0.06 db) < H3B (InGaAs) 800 ~ , 1270, 1290, 1300, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450, 1470, 1490, 820, 850, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610, 1625, ~ ~ % (0.06 db) < H5 (InGaAs) 800 ~ , 850, 980, 1270, 1290, 1300, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450, 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610, 1625, ~ ~ % (0.06 db) < typical typical typical max Power Meter: - KI7600CXL Detector Type Response λ nm Damage Level dbm Calibration λ nm Power Range dbm Autotest Sensitivity dbm Mid range Linearity¹ db Calibration Accuracy 2 % λ Sensitivity ±30nm 5 Polarisation Sensitivity db Total Uncertainty 3 db 5mm Ge 600 ~ , 850, 1300, 1310, 1390, 1490, 1550, 1590, 1610, ~ ~ % (0.06 db) 0.04 < mm Si 350 ~ ,650,660,780,850, ~ % (0.06 db) 0.03 < typical typical typical max Note 1: Mid range linearity excludes top 3 db and bottom 10 db of range. Note 2: Calibration condition: non coherent light, -35 ± 5 dbm, 21 ± 3 C, ± 1 nm, 10 ± 3 nm FWHM, PC ceramic connector, 100 µ m fiber Note 3: Includes: contributions due to: varying optical connector types, calibration uncertainty, full temperature, dynamic range and fiber type up to 200 µm core diameter. Note 4: H3B can sustain the damage level for 2 minutes Note 5: At calibration wavelengths in bold type

31 SPECIFICATIONS: Power Meter Power Meter Section: - KI7700C Detector Type Response λ nm Damage Level dbm Calibration λ nm Power Range dbm Autotest Sensitivity dbm Si 350 ~ , 650, 660, 780, 850, ~ InGaAs 500 ~ H5 (InGaAs) H3B (InGaAs) 800 ~ , 850, 1300, 1310, 1390,1490,1550, 1610, 1625, 850, 1300, 1310, 1390,1490,1550, 1610, 1625, +5 ~ ~ ~ ~ Mid range Linearity db ~ , 1300, 1310, 1390,1490,1550, 1610, ~ Power Meter Section: - KI7300C Calibration Accuracy % 2 % (0.09dB) 2 % (0.09 db) 2 % (0.09 db) 2 % (0.09dB) Polarisation Sensitivity db Total Uncertainty db < < < < typical typical typical max Detector Type Response λ nm Damage Level dbm Calibration λ nm Power Range dbm Autotest Sensitivity dbm Mid range Linearity¹ db Calibration Accuracy 2 % Polarisation Sensitivity db Total Uncertainty 3 db InGaAs 600 ~ , 820, 850, 980, 1270, 1290, 1300, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450, 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610, 1625, ~ ~ % (0.06 db) < H3B (InGaAs) 800 ~ , 1270, 1290, 1300, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450, 1470, 1490, 820, 850, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610, 1625, ~ % (0.06 db) < H5 (InGaAs) 800 ~ , 850, 980, 1270, 1290, 1300, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450, 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610, 1625, ~ ~ % (0.06 db) < typical typical typical max

32 SPECIFICATIONS: Light Source Light Source Section: - KI7300C Light Source: - KI7700C 1310/1550 nm Laser Other Lasers Comments 1310/ 1550 nm Other Lasers LED Comments Fibre type 9/125µm 9/125µm Fibre type 9/125µm 9/125µm 62.5/125 m 10/125 m 2 λ source power 3 or 4 λ power 0 dbm -7dBm - 4 dbm -7 dbm ± 1 db 2 λ source power 3 or 4 λ power 0 dbm -7 dbm -4dBm -7 dbm -23 to 62.5 m -38 to 10 m ± 1 db for laser ± 3 db for LED Short term stability 0.03 db db 15 min, max no warm-up, 3 C Short term stability db db 0.01 db 15 min, ± 2 C after warm-up, Stability, over temp 0.2 db 0.2 db Max, over temperature Stability, over temp 0.6 db 0.6dB 0.35 db Typical, over temperature λ tolerance 20 nm 6.5 nm At 25 C λ width 3 nm < 1 nm FWHM, typical λ nm / C Typical Reconnection repeatability 0.1 db 95% confidence Modulation 270 Hz, 1, 2 KHz ± 2 % Laser output Adjustable over 6 db in 0.01 db steps λ tolerance 20 nm At 25 C λ width 3 nm < 1 nm FWHM, typical λ nm/ C Typical Reconnection repeatability 0.1 db 0.05 db 95% confidence Modulation 270 Hz, 1, 2 KHz ± 2 % Laser output Adjustable over 6 db in 0.01 db steps Note 1: For ORL < -25 db Note 1: For ORL < -25 db

33 ADDENDUM: KI7800C Light Source Light Source Section: - KI7400C 1310/1550 Laser Other Lasers 1310/1550 LED Comments Fibre type 9/125µm 9/125µm 9/125µm 2 λ source power 3 or 4 λ power -4 dbm -7 dbm -4 dbm -7 dbm -20dBm ± 1 db Short term stability db db 0.03dB Long term stability 0.2 db 0.2 db 0.2 db 15 min, max no warm-up, 3 C Max, over temperature λ tolerance 20 nm 6.5 nm 20 nm At 25 C λ width 3 nm < 1 nm 35/48 FWHM, typical λ nm / C Typical Reconnection repeatability 0.1 db 95% confidence Modulation 270 Hz, 1, 2 KHz ± 2 % Laser output Adjustable over 6 db in 0.01 db steps Note 1: For ORL < -25 db

34 ADDENDUM: KI7800C Light Source Light Source: - KI7800C 1310/ 1550 nm Other Lasers 850 VCSEL 635 Laser 850/1300 LED Comments Fibre type 9/125µm 9/125µm 50/125 µm 4/125 µm 1-2 λ source power 3-4 λ source power 0 dbm -4 dbm -7 dbm 62.5/125 10/125-2 dbm -10 dbm -23 to 62.5 m -35 to 10 m ± 1 db for laser ± 3 db for LED Short term stability db db db db 0.01 db 15 min, ± 2 C after warm-up, Stability, over temp 0.6 db 0.6 db 0.6 db 0.6 db 0.35 db Typical, over temperature λ tolerance 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm At 25 C λ width 3 nm < 1 nm < 1 nm < 1 nm FWHM, typical λ nm/ C Typical Reconnection repeatability 0.1 db 0.05 db 95% confidence Modulation 270 Hz, 1, 2 KHz ± 2 % Laser output Note 1: ORL< - 25dB Adjustable over 6 db in 0.01 db steps

35 ORDERING INFORMATION Power Meter: KI7600C Series InGaAs Power Meter InGaAs Power Meter, visible laser, PC InGaAs Power Meter, visible laser, APC H3 Power Meter H3 Power Meter, visible laser, PC H3 Power Meter, visible laser, APC H5 Power Meter H5 Power Meter, visible laser, PC H5 Power Meter, visible laser, APC KI7600C - InGaAs KI7601C - InGaAs KI7601C - InGaAs - APC KI7600C - H3B KI7601C - H3B KI7601C - H3B - APC KI7600C - H5 KI7601C - H5 KI7601C - H5 - APC Power Meter: KI7600CXL Series Large area Ge Power Meter Large area Si Power Meter KI7600CXL - Ge KI7600CXL - Si Light Source: KI7400C Series 1310 / 1550 nm laser, PC KI7402C 1310 / 1550 nm laser, APC KI7402C APC 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74013C 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74013C - APC 1490 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74014C 1490 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74014C - APC 1310 / 1490 / 1550 nm laser, PC KI7427C 1310 / 1490 / 1550 nm laser, APC KI7427C - APC 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74010C 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, APC KI74010C - APC 1310 / 1390 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74015C 1310 / 1390 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, APC KI74015C - APC 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI74016C 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, APC KI74016C APC 1310/1550 nm LED, PC KI7419C Light Source: KI7800C Series 850 nm, LED, & 1310 nm laser, PC KI7804C 1310 / 1550 nm laser, PC KI7822C 1310 / 1550 nm laser, APC KI7822C - APC 850 nm LED & 1310 / 1550 nm laser, PC KI7823C 850 nm LED, PC & 1310 / 1550 nm laser, APC KI7823C - PC/APC 850 / 1300 nm LED, & 1310 / 1550 nm laser, PC KI7824C 850 / 1300nm LED, PC & 1310 / 1550 nm laser, APC KI7824C - PC/APC 1310 / 1490 / 1550 nm laser, PC KI7827C 1310 / 1490 / 1550 nm laser, APC KI7827C - APC 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI78010C 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, APC KI78010C APC 1310 / 1550 / 1650 nm laser, PC KI78011C 1310 / 1550 / 1650 nm laser, APC KI78011C APC 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, PC KI78016C 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser, APC KI78016C - APC 635 nm laser, internal SM fibre KI78030C Source 850 nm VCSEL KI7840C

36 ORDERING INFORMATION KI7300C Series Loss Test Set: 1310 / 1550 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI7303C - InGaAs 1310 / 1550 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI7303C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1550 nm laser PC, H3B Meter KI7303C - H3B 1310 / 1550 nm laser APC, H3B Meter KI7303C - H3B - APC 1310 / 1550 nm laser PC, H5 Meter KI7303C - H / 1550 nm laser APC, H5 Meter KI7303C - H5 - APC 1490 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI73014C - InGaAs 1490 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI73014C - InGaAs - APC 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI73013C - InGaAs 1550 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI73013C - InGaAs APC 1310 / 1490/1550 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI7307C - InGaAs 1310 / 1490/1550 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI7307C - InGaAs APC 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI73010C - InGaAs 1310/ 1550 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI73010C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1390 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI73015C - InGaAs 1310 / 1390 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI73015C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI73016C InGaAs 1310 / 1490 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI73016C InGaAs - APC KI7700C Series Loss Test Set: 850 nm LED PC, Si Meter KI Si 850 / 1300 nm LED PC, InGaAs Meter KI7704C - InGaAs 1310 / 1550 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI7722C - InGaAs 1310 / 1550 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI7722C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1550 nm laser PC, H3B Meter KI7722C - H3B 1310 / 1550 nm laser APC, H3B Meter KI7722C - H3B - APC 1310 / 1550 nm laser PC, H5 Meter KI7722C - H / 1550 nm laser APC, H5 Meter KI7722C - H5 - APC 1490 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI77014C - InGaAs 1490 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI77014C - InGaAs - APC 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI77013C - InGaAs 1550 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI77013C - InGaAs APC 1310 / 1490/1550 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI7707C - InGaAs 1310 / 1490/1550 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI7707C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI77010C - InGaAs 1310 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI77010C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1390 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI77015C - InGaAs 1310 / 1390 / 1550 / 1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI77015C - InGaAs - APC 1310 / 1490 / 1550/1625 nm laser PC, InGaAs Meter KI77016C - InGaAs 1310 / 1490 / 1550/1625 nm laser APC, InGaAs Meter KI77016C - ngaas - APC

37 ORDERING INFORMATION: KI7300C/7700C Series, KI7400C/7800C Series, KI7600C Series Standard Accessories: ST, FC, SC metal-free optical connector adaptors, KITS PC software and USB cable, user manual, C size batteries, AA -to- C size battery converter, NATA/ILAC traceable calibration certificates, carry strap, leather pouch and protective holster. Optical Connectors: These instruments have interchangeable optical connectors. The power meter works with both PC and APC connectors. The light source ferrule type is fixed and customer specified as either PC or APC. Green is associated with APC connectors. Optional Interchangeable Connector Adaptors: Description P/N Description P/N E2000/LSH, blue OPT060 SMA 905/906 OPT082 E2000/LSH, green OPT060G Universal 2.5mm OPT081 LSA/DIN OPT071 SMA 905/906 OPT082 LC / F3000 OPT072 D4 OPT055 MU OPT080 Optional Accessories: Description Power Pack, IEC 100~240V 2.5mm plug Carry case, 2 instruments Carry case, including Cletop, cleaning sticks and microscope P/N OPT103B OPT153 OPT

38 ORDERING INFORMATION: KI7600CXL Series Standard Accessories: KITS PC software, USB A/B cable, user manual, C size batteries, AA -to- C size battery converter, NATA/ILAC traceable calibration certificates, carry strap, leather pouch and protective holster. Optical Connectors: The power meter works with both PC and APC connectors. The light source ferrule type is fixed and customer specified as either PC or APC. Green is associated with APC connectors. To order KI7600CXL Series Optical Power Meter, please specify instrument and at least one optional interchangeable connector adaptor. Optional Interchangeable Connector Adaptors: Description P/N Description P/N ST OPT202 FC OPT204 SC OPT201 LSA/DIN OPT207 E2000/LSH OPT220 SMA905/906 OPT203 D4 OPT206 EC OPT221 MU OPT222 MTRJ OPT223 Biconic OPT205 Diamond 3.5mm OPT208 Universal 1.25mm OPT224 MPO OPT227 Universal 2.5mm OPT225 Optional Accessories: Description Power Pack, IEC 100~240V 2.5mm plug Carry case, 2 instruments Carry case, including Cletop, cleaning sticks and microscope P/N OPT103B OPT153 OPT

39 CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE There are no internal user adjustments. Calibration is performed without opening the instrument. All Calibrations To enable calibration mode, open the battery compartment, remove the anti-tamper label, and insert a 2.54 mm (0.1 ) pitch programming shunt. Manipulation of the shunt is easier with needle nose pliers. The instrument will display CAL and installed options. View Inside Battery Compartment Known calibration constants can be re-entered directly without using other equipment. This is useful in case old calibration constants are to be put back. Before commencing calibration: Clean all connectors very carefully. Ensure that all devices have been at a stable room temperature for over an hour, and that the light source is fully warmed up at the wavelength to be calibrated. Ensure that all installed batteries are in good working condition. When calibration is complete, remove the calibration shunt, and place an anti-tamper label over the aperture in the battery compartment. Do no forget to update your calibration records, and schedule the next calibration service. System Rollback (version 5.0 and above) In the event of wrong calibration constants being entered and stored, or the instrument becoming otherwise corrupted, all factory settings can be restored. To restore all factory settings, first enter CAL mode then press and hold [MR] for 3 seconds

40 CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE Power Meter Calibration: Calibration is a transfer process. It is performed by setting up a single mode laser source at a stable, but non-critical power level between -10 and -30 dbm, and adjusting the meter reading to the same value as that shown by a reference meter. Required are laser light sources with accurately calibrated wavelengths and good stability, a power meter with appropriate calibrated wavelengths, single mode test leads, an anti-tamper label and a 2.54 mm (0.1 ) programming jumper. Check the calibration certificates on your reference equipment to ensure current validity. To display existing calibration offsets: Put the instrument in calibration mode. Press [Power Meter] and [-/+] to set the wavelength, then [ ] and [Max/Min] twice to display the current offset. Record the offsets, re-enter or adjust offset values for each wavelength. To calibrate the meter at the selected wavelengths: Measure and record the source power using the reference meter. Transfer the same power level to the meter to be calibrated, press [ ] and [Max/Min] to display power, then [-/+] to adjust the reading to match the noted reference reading. Note: The optical power is measured only when entering this mode. It is not continuously updated. (Firmware version 5.00 and above continuously updates the measured power). Press [ ] and [Max/Min] to read and note the new stored calibration offsets, and then [Set] to store and exit, or [Exit] to abandon and exit. Check the source power with the reference meter to ensure source drift is within limits. Remove the programming shunt, and place a new sticker over the aperture

41 CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE CAUTION! Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. The emitter power level can be re-calibrated, and the current checked as described below. You will need a power meter with appropriate calibrated wavelengths, single mode test leads, an antitamper label, and a 2.54 mm (0.1 ) programming jumper. Check the calibration certificates on your reference equipment to ensure current validity. Put the instrument in calibration mode. Connect a calibrated power meter with a known good patch lead (the patch lead loss forms part of the calibration condition). Press [Source], leave in, and then press [ ] and [Level]. The display will now show the expected power level, cal factor (main display) and laser current in ma (top right). Note the existing values for future reference. Set meter wavelength to match. Adjust the [-/+] button to change the source output level, to match the displayed level on the source display, or to re-enter a known cal factor (The laser current can not go above a level that has been set for the individual laser during manufacture). Note new calibration values and laser currents for future reference, then press [Set] to store settings and exit, or [Exit] to exit without storing settings. Remove the programming shunt, and place a new sticker over the aperture

42 CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE Opening the Instrument Caution! Do not open unless the warranty has expired, and you are authorised to do so. Opening the unit will invalidate any warranty claim. This unit contains static sensitive devices. Anti-static handling procedures should be observed at all times when handling internal circuits. There are no internal user adjustments. All calibration is performed without opening the instrument. The optical sensor / connector assembly is not user serviceable. Procedure Use static protected procedures. Remove the batteries and leave the battery cover open. Pull open the optical connector covers. Place the instrument face down on a soft mat and undo the 6 screws in the rear housing. The instrument can now be gently pulled apart. The instrument will come into two halves joined by a ribbon cable. The optical section is located in the upper half, with the microprocessor, supply, calibration constants and controls in the lower half. Hinged display cover removal can be done at this point. The ribbon connector can be disengaged to completely separate the instruments halves. Further disassembly from this stage should be easily apparent to a technician. Re-assembly is the reverse of the previous procedure. Ensure that the ribbon cable connectors are properly secured so they cannot shake loose. This will be either a moulded rubber retainer, or adhesive tape. General electrical parameters are as follows: Vss to GND = 3V3, -Vss = -3V3, battery power down current about 0.2 ma, active power meter current about 20 ma

43 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS All tests can be performed without access to the interior of the instrument. The test procedures described in this section are for performance verification of a KI7303C InGaAs Loss Test Set. Due to the large number of possible instrument configurations, it is not possible to give detailed test procedures for all options in this manual, so some parameters may need adjusting to the appropriate specifications. Required Equipment This is the required equipment for the performance test listed. Any equipment that satisfies the critical specifications of the equipment given in the table may be substituted for the recommended models. Test Record Results of the performance test may be tabulated on a photocopy of the Test Record provided at the end of this test procedure. It is recommended that you fill out the Test Record and refer to it while doing the test. Alternatively, a soft copy of this manual may be obtained from our web site. Test Failure If the equipment under test fails any performance test, return the instrument to the nearest Sales/Service Office for repair. Instrument Specification Specifications are the performance characteristics of the instrument that are certified, and are the limits against which the equipment under test can be tested. Any changes in the specifications due to manufacturing changes, design or traceability to NATA will be covered in a manual change supplement or revised manual. Such specifications supersede any that were previously published. General Instructions Perform each step in the order given, using the corresponding test equipment. Use Tables 1 ~ 3 to record general test details. The SMF / MMF test lead fiber type and PC / APC connector polish must be matched to the instrument type. Make sure that all optical connections are dry and clean. DO NOT USE INDEX MATCHING OIL. For cleaning, use the cleaning instructions given in the section Optical Connector. Make sure that all patch cords are fixed to the table so that they won't move during measurements. Ensure that the ambient conditions are in the following ranges: Temperature: 21 ± 3 ºC Relative humidity: 45 to 75 %

44 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Power Meter Section Accuracy Test 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 5: LTS / Power Meter Attenuator Source Figure 5. Test set-up for the Power Meter section Accuracy Test 2. Switch on all instruments. 3. Set all instruments to 1310 nm. 4. Change the attenuation of the attenuator until the reference power meter displays dbm. Note the attenuator setting in setting 1 of Table 4. If the light source is not powerful enough to give dbm, set the attenuator to 2.5 db and correct the appropriate values in the test report. Repeat the above for reference power meter readings of -20dBm, -30 dbm, -40 dbm and -50 dbm (last reading not relevant to H series power meters). 5. Measure the DUT: Re-connect the attenuator output cable to the DUT power meter port, and select the 1310nm on DUT. Set the attenuator to its value for setting 1. Note the displayed power level of the DUT in the test record. Repeat the above for attenuator settings 2~5. 6. Repeat the Power Meter Accuracy Test at 1550 nm

45 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Light Source Section Output Power (CW) Test 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 6. Short Term Stability Test (optional) 1. Connect the equipment as in Figure Set instruments to 1310 nm. 3. Let the light source to warm-up for 15 minutes, then note the power. 4. Record the optical power every 30 seconds for 3 minutes. 5. Calculate max min value (< 0.1 db). 6. Note this figure in Table 5 Power Meter LTS / Source Figure 6. Test set-up for Output Power (CW) and Short Term Stability Tests 2. Switch on the instruments. 3. Set instruments to 1310 nm. 4. Note the measured power level value in the test report in Table 5 5. Repeat the above on 1550 nm Time Measured power, dbm Drift, db Tick max / min values 00 sec sec 60 sec 90 sec 120 sec 150 sec 180 sec Alternatively, the instrument max/min recording function can be used to record the data

46 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Light Source Section Centre wavelength and Spectral Bandwidth (FWHM) Test (optional). 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure Switch on the instruments and allow to fully warm up. 3. On Light Source, enable the source and set the wavelength to 1310 nm. 4. On the OSA, press the [Instr Preset] key. 5. Press [Auto/Meas] and wait until 'End of Automeasure' is displayed. 6. Choose [User] and select the type of source to be measured (FP for Fabry Perot laser). 7. To show the display in linear mode: a. Press [Menu]. b. Press [Amptd] on the left side of the display. c. Press [Linear] on the right side of the display. 8. To ensure interference free reading of the display it is advisable to stop the repeating calculations. Press [User]. Press [Single Sweep]. If the trace on the display is not clear, you can change resolution by using the span key. 9. From the displayed measurements check and note the values for "Centre wavelength and "FWHM" (Spectral Bandwidth) in Table Repeat the test with the DUT wavelength set to 1550 nm. Figure 7.Test set-up for centre wavelength and spectral bandwidth test

47 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Verification of Autotest range, tone detector and linearity test Test below is to verify Autotest range, tone detector operation and linearity for Loss Test Set/Light Source and Power Meter. To test Power Meter absolute accuracy, refer to Accuracy Test, Power Meter Section. 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 8. A single LTS can also be used, with connections to both ports. 2. Switch on all instruments. 3. Set the Light Source to 1310nm and allow to warm up. Press [Autotest]. 4. On the attenuator, set the wavelength to1310nm and attenuation to 5 db. 5. Make sure that Autotest is updating. Note the measured optical power at 1310 nm. 6. For single mode instruments, repeat the power readings for attenuator settings of 15 db, 25 db and 35 db. For instruments with H series meter, repeat the readings for an attenuator setting of 15 db only. 7. For multimode instruments, repeat the power readings for attenuator settings of 15 db, 20 db. 8. Repeat the above for 1550nm as required, however, this test typically only needs performing at one wavelength. LTS/Power Meter Attenuator LTS/Light Source Figure 8. Test set up for Range and Linearity Test

48 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Instrument / Accessories Recommended Model Required Characteristics Alternative Model Optical Light Source KI7402C KI7400C, KI7800C Optical Power Meter KI7600C KI7700C Optical Attenuator KI7011B KI7010A Connector adaptors SMF patch leads For optional test only Optical Spectrum Analyser 71450B 71452B, (8164xA,B) Connector Adaptors SMF patchleads Table 1: Required Equipment for KI7300C Series Performance Verification Tests

49 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Model: Date: Serial No.: Ambient Temperature: C Options: Relative Humidity: % Firmware Revision: Test Facility: Performed by: Line Frequency: Hz Customer: Report No.: Special Notes: Table 2: General Test Record for KI7300C Series Loss Test Set

50 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Description Model No. Trace No. Calibration due date 1. Optical Light Source 2. Optical Power Meter 3. Optical Attenuator Accessories: SMF patchleads Connector adaptors Table 3: Equipment Record for Performance Verification Tests

51 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Model: Report No.: Date: Total Uncertainty / Accuracy Test Test Wavelength = nm Setting Number Power Meter reference value (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) Attenuator Setting db db db db db Minimum specification (-0.3 db of Ref.) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) DUT measurement results dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm Maximum specification (+0.3 db of Ref.) (~-9.70 dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) (~ dbm) Measurement Uncertainty db Table 4: Accuracy Test Record for KI7300C Series, Power Meter section Note 1: This is for the KI7303C-InGaAs. For the H series instruments, increase by ±0.2 db

52 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Model: Report No.: Date: Output Power (CW) Test Wavelength Minimum Specification Measurement Results Maximum Specification 1310 nm dbm dbm 1550 nm dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm Measurement Uncertainty db Optional Short-Term Stability Test 1310 nm dbpp (0.10 dbpp) 0.04 dbpp typical 1550 nm dbpp (0.10 dbpp) 0.04 dbpp typical dbpp (0.10 dbpp) 0.04 dbpp typical dbpp (0.10 dbpp) 0.04 dbpp typical dbpp (0.10 dbpp) 0.04 dbpp typical Measurement Uncertainty db Table 5: Output Power Test and Short Term Stability Test Record for KI7300C Series, Light Source section

53 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Model: Report No.: Date: Centre wavelength and Special Bandwidth (FWHM) Test (optional) Centre wavelength Wavelength Minimum Specification DUT Measurement Results Maximum Spec nm nm nm nm 1550 nm nm nm nm nm nm nm Spectral Bandwidth 1310 nm nm (6nm) 3 nm typical 1550 nm nm (6nm) 3 nm typical nm nm nm Measurement Uncertainty db Table 6. Centre wavelength and Special Bandwidth (FWHM) Test Record for KI7300C Series, Light Source section

54 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TESTS Model: Fiber Type: Single mode [ ] Multimode [ ] Range and Linearity Test Instrument Connector: APC [ ] PC [ ] Report No.: Date: No Attenuator setting Power Meter Reading Linearity Calculation Acceptable Linearity Range db db No 2 No 1 = 9.50 ~ / db No 3 No 2 = 4.50 ~ 5.50 / 9.50 ~ db No 4 No 3 = 9.50 ~ Table 7: Test Record for Autotest Performance Verification Tests, KI7300C Series Note1: The linearity range here is typically limited by attenuator linearity, rather than instrument performance

55 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE: KI7600C Series Optical Power Meter MANUAL OPERATION To remove interchangeable connector adaptor, press button on rear of case and pull off adaptor. This may be easier with a test lead attached. To defeat auto power-off, hold [POWER] for 3 seconds at turn on until ON and Perm are displayed Low battery is indicated with a battery symbol To select operational wavelength, press [Power Meter] [-/+] To set reference, press [ABS/REL] and hold [SET REF] for 3 seconds. Meter displays about 0.00 db R To stop / start display update, press [HOLD] If a test tone is detected, meter will display Hz To toggle log / linear display mode, press [db/w] To display minimum and maximum recorded power for selected wavelength, press [ ] and [Max/Min]. Press [ ] [Max/Min] and hold for 3 seconds to re-start recording. AUTOTEST OPERATION To initiate Autotest, connect Power Meter to Light Source and press [Autotest] on Light Source. To show one wavelength only, scroll [-/+]. Press [Menu] to exit. Autotest remains for 8 seconds after signal loss, to allow quick connection change To exit Autotest, remove test lead for >8 seconds, or on the Light Source, press [MENU] MEMORY OPERATION Data can be stored in Power Meter and Autotest modes, however, memory recall and cancel functions are not available in Autotest. To clear all memory, press both [MR] and [Exit] simultaneously for 3 seconds. clr will display. To store in next default location, press [M+]. To change next store location, press [ ] [-/+] [Set] or [Menu]. To recall, press [MR] and [-/+] to scroll memory. Exit Autotest and enter Power Meter mode to read or cancel memory. Autotest memory recall: use [-/+] to scroll wavelengths. To exit memory display, press [Menu]. VISIBLE LASER OPTION Select [POWER], [SOURCE] To stop modulation, press [MOD]. To change modulation frequency, press [ ] and [KHz] on the hidden keypad. Use [+/-] to scroll modulation frequencies, then press [Set] to store. To turn off laser, press [-/+]

56 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE: KI7600C Series Optical Power Meter

57 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE: KI7400C / 7800C Series Optical Light Source MANUAL OPERATION To remove interchangeable connector adaptor, press button on rear of case and pull off adaptor. This may be easier with a test lead attached. To defeat auto power-off, hold down [POWER] for 3 seconds at turn on until On and Perm are displayed. Low battery is indicated with a battery symbol. To enable source, select [POWER], [Source]. To change wavelength, press [-/+]. To activate modulation, press [Mod] To change modulation frequency, while source is active press [ ] [KHz] [-/+] [Set] or [Menu]. To change laser power level, while source is active press [ ], [Level], [-/+], [Set] or [Menu]. AUTOTEST OPERATION To initiate Autotest, connect Power Meter to Light Source and press [Autotest] on Light Source Autotest remains for 8 seconds after signal loss, to allow quick connection change. To exit Autotest, remove test lead for > 8 seconds, or press [MENU]. MEMORY OPERATION Data can be stored in Source and Autotest modes, however, memory recall and cancel functions are not available in Autotest. To clear all memory, press both [MR] and [Exit] simultaneously for 3 seconds. clr will display. To store in next default location, press [M+]. To change next store location, press[ ] [-/+] [Set] or [Menu]. To recall, press [MR] and [-/+] to scroll memory. Exit Autotest and enter Source mode to read or cancel memory Autotest memory recall: use [-/+] to scroll wavelengths To exit memory display, press [Menu]

58 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE: KI7400C / 7800C Series Optical Light Source