LeCroy LC Series Color

Transcription

1 LeCroy LC Series Color

2 Digital Oscilloscopes Revision A January 2000

3 LeCroy Corporation 700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge, NY Tel: (914) , Fax: (914) : (02) / : (02) Internet: wwwlecroycom Copyright January 1999, LeCroy All rights reserved Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions Specifications subject to change LeCroy, ProBus and SMART Trigger are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp Epson is a registered trademark of Epson America Inc I 2 C is a trademark of Philips MathCad is a registered trademark of MATHSOFT Inc MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc Microsoft, MS and Microsoft Access are registered trademarks, and Windows and NT trademarks, of Microsoft Corporation PowerPC is a registered trademark of IBM Microelectronics DeskJet, ThinkJet, QuietJet, LaserJet, PaintJet, HP 7470 and HP 7550 are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company LCXXX-OM-K Rev A

4 Chapter 1 Read This First! Content s Warranty and Product Support 1 1 Chapter 2 Instrument Architecture Overview 2 1 Block Diagrams 2 4 Chapter 3 Installation and Safety Installation for Safe and Efficient Operation 3 1 Chapter 4 Introduction to the Controls The Front Panel 4 1 The Main Controls 4 2 Choosing and Navigating in Menus 4 3 System Setup and Menu Controls 4 5 Screen Topography 4 8 Chapter 5 CHANNELS, Coupling, and Probes Channel Controls 5 1 Coupling 5 3 Probes and Probe Calibration 5 5 Chapter 6 TIMEBASE + TRIGGER TIMEBASE + TRIGGER Controls 6 1 Chapter 7 Timebase Modes and Setup LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 iii

5 Content s Timebase Sampling Modes 7 1 C ombining Channels 7 5 T imebase Setup 7 6 iv ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K J

6 LC SERIES Chapter 8 Triggers and When to Use Them Chapter 9 ZOOM + MATH Choosing the Right Trigger 8 1 Edge or SMART? 8 2 Edge Trigger 8 3 SMART Trigger 8 9 TRIGGER SETUP: Edge 8 34 TRIGGER SETUP: SMART 8 35 Zoom and Math Controls 9 1 Chapter 10 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Chapter 11 Display Chapter 12 UTILITIES Zooming for Precise Waveform Measurements 10 1 Math Functions and Options10 2 Using Waveform Mathematics10 5 Configuring for Zoom and Math 10 6 Setting Up FFT Span and Resolution Revealing the Complete Picture 11 1 How On-Screen Objects are Displayed 11 2 Analog Persistence11 5 Setting Up the Display11 7 Controlling Color11 20 Printing, Mass Storage, and Other Utilities 12 1 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 v

7 Content s Hardcopy Setup12 2 Time/Date Setup12 4 GPIB/RS232 Setup12 5 Mass Storage Utilities 12 7 Special Modes CAL BNC Setup12 23 vi ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K J

8 LC SERIES Chapter 13 WAVEFORM STORE & RECALL Waveform Store13 1 Waveform Recall13 4 Chapter 14 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters Chapter 15 PANEL SETUPS Chapter 16 SHOW STATUS Cursors: Tools for Measuring Signal Values 14 1 Parameters: Automatic Measurements 14 6 Pass/Fail Testing Saving and Recalling Panel Setups 15 1 The Complete Picture Summarized 16 1 Appendix A Specifications Appendix B Enhanced Resolution Appendix C Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Appendix D Parameter Measurement Appendix E ASCII Waveform Export Index LeCroy National Contacts LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 vii

9 Content s viii ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K J

10 1 Read This First! ( page 1-3 ) LeCroy LeCroy ( ) LeCroy 2,, 90, LeCroy LeCroy,,, LeCroy, Note:,, LeCroy, LeCroy LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

11 Read This, LeCroy LeCroy ( : : ) LeCroy,, 2,,, LeCroy shaping,,, LeCroy, 1 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

12 LC SERIES, (RAN) RAN RAN LeCroy : Front Scope Cover 10:1 10 MΩ PP005 Passive Probe 1 ProBus Single-Channel Adapter NOT APPLICABLE TO LC374, LC564 OR LC584 SERIES 250V Fuses AC Power Cord and Plug Remote Control (Hands On Guide) Note :, 4 10cm LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

13 Read This 1 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

14 2 Instrument Architecture LeCroy LC (DSO) (ADCs) Interleaving ADCs (CPU), PowerPC TM (Remote Control),, ( ) Note: : LC564 LC584 A ADCs Memories ADC,, 2 4 (4 LC564 ) 4 4 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

15 Instrument Architecture RIS RIS 25GS/s LC564, LC584, LC684, 10GS/s (RIS), 100ps LC564, LC584, LC684 40ps, 10ps (LC684 5 ps) 7, Pre- Post ( ) AC, LF REJect, HF REJect, HF, DC ; Positive-Negative Slope SMART 8 1% Gain,,, 8, CRT, VGA(Video Graphics Array) - 11 Analog Persistence Full 2 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

16 LC SERIES Direct or Remote Control Scope Explorer Screen 11 (12 ) (4 ) ,, GPIB(IEEE- 488) RS-232-C,, (Remote Control Manual) Remote Control Manual, GPIB RS-232-C, Scope Explorer 95, NT,, PC PC 12 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

17 Instrument Architecture Block Diagrams LC334 Series LC374 Series LC534 Series LC574 Series CH1 CH2 Sample & Hold Sample & Hold 8-Bit ADC(s) 8-Bit ADC(s) Peak Detect Peak Detect Fast Memory Fast Memory Optional Storage Devices Floppy Disk Interface Centronics RS-232-C External Trigger Trigger Logic Timebase GPIB CH3 CH4 Sample & Hold Sample & Hold 8-Bit ADC(s) 8-Bit ADC(s) Peak Detect Peak Detect Fast Memory Fast Memory Power PC Microprocessor with Integrated Cache Memory Front-Panel Processor Real-Time Clock Display Processor Data Memories Program Memory 2 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

18 LC SERIES LC564 Series LC584 Series LC684 Series CH1 CH2 Sample & Hold Sample & Hold 8-Bit ADC 8-Bit ADC Fast memory Fast memory Optional Storage Devices Floppy Disk Interface Centronics RS-232-C External Trigger Trigger Logic Timebase GPIB CH3 CH4 Sample & Hold Sample & Hold 8-Bit ADC 8-Bit ADC Fast memory Fast memory Power PC Microprocessor with Integrated Cache Memory Front-Panel Processor Real-Time Clock Display Processor Data Memories Program Memory LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

19 Instrument Architecture 2 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

20 3 Installation and Safety : 5 to 40 C (41 to 104 F) 31 80% RH 40 50% 2000 m (6 560 ft) Operationindoor use only EN : I II 2 : ( ) : LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

21 Installation and Safety Alternating Current Only BNC WARNING WARNING ( ) WARNING LeCroy, 45Hz 66Hz 115V(90 132V) 220V( V) AC 3 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

22 LC SERIES Power On CAUTION 2 250V AC 250V rms 3-3- LeCroy, : ON/OFF ADCs 10, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

23 Installation and Safety 3 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

24 4 Introduction to the Controls LC684 ONLY LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

25 The Main Controls SYSTEM SETUP Introduction to the Controls Front-panel 4 : SYSTEM SETUP CHANNELS TIMEBASE + TRIGGER ZOOM + MATH, ( 4-5 ) Menu Buttons & Knobs 7, RETURN ( ) CHANNELS /, (5 ) TIMEBASE + TRIGGER /, (6,7 8 ) ZOOM + MATH AUTO SETUP ANALOG PERSIST FULL SCREEN,, (9 10 ), (4-6 ) Analog Persistence TM (11 ) (11 ) See also: Part 2, Getting Started, in the Hands-On Guide for more information about the front panel, and a complete run-through of the controls 4 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

26 LC SERIES Choosing and Navigating in Menus,, Displaying Menus and Selecting from them ( ),, RETURN, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

27 Introduction to the Controls Setting Menu Options,, : GO TO LOCAL, 4 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

28 LC SERIES SYSTEM SETUP and Menu Controls,, OFF ( ),,,, Dot join and Persistence (11 ), GPIB SPECIAL MODE (12 ) WAVEFORM (13 ) WAVEFORM (13 ) MEASURE Pass/Fail (14 ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

29 Introduction to the Controls (13 ), (16 ) SCREEN DUMP CLEAR SWEEPS GPIB, RS-232-C,, (plots), DISPLAY SETUP 0 PRINTING PLOTTING (12 ),,, Persistence, Pass/Fail 4 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

30 LC SERIES AUTO SETUP,, Volts/div ON 5mV 40V 50Hz 01% Resetting the Scope, RETURN : + (top menu) + - LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

31 Introduction to the Controls Screen Topography, 4 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

32 LC SERIES Real-Time Clock: Displayed Trace Label:, Volts/Div ( ) Acquisition Summary: Gain, Probe, Trigger Level: Trigger Delay: 0 10 (Pre-Trigger) 0 10,000 (Post- Trigger) Pre-Trigger Post- Trigger (delay) Trigger Status: (AUTO, NORMAL, SINGLE, STOPPED) Trigger Configuration:, Slope,,, Hold-Off LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

33 Introduction to the Controls Trace and Ground Level: Other Screen Regions (not shown) Time and Frequency: Absolute Time Measure Message:,, 4 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

34 5 CHANNELS, Coupling, and Probes Channel Controls TRACE ON/OFF TRACE, VOLTS/DIV SELECT CHANNEL ( ) FIND OFFSET VOLTS/DIV VOLTS/DIV (VAR ) SPECIAL MODES LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

35 CHANNELS, Coupling, and Probes VAR COUPLING (VAR ) SPECIAL MODE VOLTS/DIV (KNOB) COUPLING ( ) 5 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

36 LC SERIES Coupling, : ECL TTL gain, Probe Coupling V/Div Offset NORMAL,, VOLTS/DIV ECL TTL Global BWL/BWL OFF ON 500MHz 1GHz 200MHz 25MHz 30MHz(3dB) ( A ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

37 CHANNELS, Coupling, and Probes Probe Atten Probe (Probe ) Notes on Coupling: AC DC (blocking) 10Hz DC 1 M W 50 W 50 W 05 W : 50 W 5 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

38 LC SERIES Probes and Probe Calibration LeCroy PP005 passive probe Passive Probe ( Probe ): 1 2 HF Probe /BNC Probe 3 CAL BNC, (alligator clip) 1cm CAL BNC BNC Probe Probe CAL 1-kHz square, 1 V p p 4 DC 1 MW ON/OFF 5, Probe Probe Probe ProBus Probe System LeCroy ProBus Probe LeCroy Phillips I 2 C ProBus BNC Probe- LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

39 CHANNELS, Coupling, and Probes Illustrated at right: a LeCroy current probe with ProBus connection Probe (autosensing) ProBus FFT Probe FET Probe ProBus EPROMS Gain (measurement) (compensate) Coupling V/DIV Offset NORMAL, VOLTS/DIV, ECL TTL Global BWL/BWL OFF ON 500MHz 1GHz 200MHz, 30MHz(-3dB) ( A ) 5 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

40 LC SERIES FET probe Probe ProBus Probe LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

41 CHANNELS, Coupling, and Probes 5 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

42 6 TIMEBASE + TRIGGER TIMEBASE + TRIGGER Controls /, 7 8 STOP AUTO 3 : AUTO, NORMAL, SINGLE STOP Single-shot STOP RIS STOP STOP (LC584 LC684 ) Sequence AUTO : LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

43 TIMEBASE + TRIGGER NORMAL RIS AUTO ( ) Roll AUTO, Sequence AUTO 1 (12 (Special Modes) ) update SLOW TRIGGER NORMAL Sequence NORMAL NORMAL WRAP Singleshot 6 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

44 LC SERIES SINGLE DELAY ZERO DELAY TIME/DIV TRIGGER LEVEL Single-shot RIS SINGLE 4000 Single-Shot Single-shot, Pre/Post-trigger Position Pre trigger 0% 100% 1% Pre-trigger Post-trigger 0 10,000 01% Post-trigger, Time/div Threshold : ±5 EXT ±05 V ±12 V (LC564, LC584, LC684 ) EXT/5(LC564 LC584 ) ±6V EXT/10 ±5 V Line (inactive) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

45 TIMEBASE + TRIGGER SETUP TIMEBASE TIMEBASE SETUP TRIGGER TRIGGER SETUP ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

46 7 Timebase Modes and Setup Timebase Sampling Modes Timebase 3 : Single-Shot, RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling), Roll mode Single-Shot Roll Mode Timebase Sequence Mode (user-defined ) Single-Shot Single-Shot (storage) Single-Shot (arrival) Timebase 0 ADC 100% Pre-trigger 10,000 Post-Trigger Timebase Single-Shot, ( 7-5 ) Timebase ( A ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

47 Timebase Modes and Setup Peak Detect NOT AVAILABLE ON LC564, LC584, OR LC684 SERIES RIS: Random Interleaved Sampling Timebase,, ( ) (circuitry) 25ns capture ( 7-6 ) Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS) Single-Shot 10GS/s (LC564, LC584, LC684 25GS/S ) 20 Single-Shot bins, 500MS/s RIS bins 01ns (LC564, LC584, LC684 40PS) bins ADC 10ps(LC684 5PS) Timebase Buildup of an RIS waveform Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Final capture 7 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

48 LC SERIES, 104 RIS (Segment)Single-Shot 40,000 RIS Roll (Real-Time Display) Single- Shot Timebase 05s/div( 50,000 10s/div LC564,LC584, LC684 strip-chart recorder : parameter Sequence Mode Sequence Single Shot (fixed-size) ( A ) Segment, Sequence Deadtime 50 µs Single Shot Timebase (16 ) (10 ) Sequence Timebase (duration) : 10 x time/div, (length) (total LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

49 Timebase Modes and Setup available memory), Sequence, ( ) Wrap NOT AVAILABLE ON LC564, LC584, OR LC684 SERIES Sequence Wrap Sequence first-in-first, STOP ( Wrap 7-11 ) Note: Sequence ( 7-11 ) Sequence : deadtime 7 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

50 LC SERIES Combining Channels Pairing Channels Timebase 2 4 ADCs, Combining All Channels - (LC564 Note: (SERIES LC564, ), LC584 ONLY) 3 ADCs Channels are 4 combined to increase 4 sample rate or memory size or both in order to LC334, LC534 LC574, LC684, capture and view a signal in all its detail When LC374, combined, those channels (like the EXT BNC input), 2 2 that are not involved in the 5 combination remain LC564, LC584 LC684 LC374 available for triggering, - even though they are not ADC displayed It is preferable Channel Use Automatic (7 to select Automatic (not 7 ) available on LC684 SERIES) parameter to combine channels and have the remaining 2, acquisition channels available for triggering 2,, Sampling The channels available for triggering only are Acquisition Memory indicated by trig only in the Acquisition Summary A Field LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

51 Timebase Modes and Setup Timebase Setup TIMEBASE LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574, LC684 Sampling Single-Shot, RIS Sequence (external clock) TIMEBASE (total time span) 2 : Single Shot Single Shot ( 7 1 ) RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) Single Shot ( 7 2 ) Sample Clock Internal External (ECL, OV, TTL) clock ( 7 8 ) Channel Use ( 7 2 ) ( ) (LC684 ) Sequence Sequence mode Wrap On 7 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

52 LC SERIES LC564 LC584 ( 7 10 ) Record up to, Model maximums A Sampling 2 : Single Shot Single-Shot - ( 7 1 ) RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) Single-Shot ( 7 2 ) Sample Clock Internal External clock ( 7-9 ) Channel Use 4, (LC564 ) 2 Automatic : parameter Math Set up ( 7 5 ) Sequence Sequence Wrap ( 7 10 ) Record up to, Model maximums A LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

53 Timebase Modes and Setup LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574 TIMEBASE EXTERNAL Sample Clock Sampling Single-Shot default Sample Clock 100MHz EXT BNC Edge ADCs (threshold) ECL 13 V 0V 00 V TTL +15 V RP(Rear Panel) MHz (real panel) External Sequence Sequence Wrap ON Wrap, ( 7 10 ) (stamp) AUTO - deadtime Record Model maximums A 7 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

54 LC SERIES LC564, LC584, LC684 OPTIONAL Sampling Single-Shot default Sample Clock External clock External DC 500MHz real panel Edge ADCs (threshold) 00V Channel Use External 4 Sequence Sequence Wrap ON, ( 7 10 ) (stamp) AUTO - deadtime Record, model maximums A Notes for using External Clock : Time/div Volts/div (division), ( 50) Time/division (operation) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

55 Timebase Modes and Setup TIMEBASE Sequence This is used for Sequence mode Sampling Sequence Single-Shot Sample Clock (OPTIONAL ON LC564 AND LC584 SERIES) Internal External (ECL, OV, TTL) clock ( ) Channel Use LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574 LC684 : ( 7 2 ) (LC684 ) LC564 LC584 ( 7 7 ) : (LC564 ) Automatic (optimize) : parameter Math Set up ( 7 5 ) Sequence Sequence Wrap On Wrap, Max segment, (model maximums A ) 7 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

56 LC SERIES More on Sequence In Sequence TIMEBASE + TRIGGER 1 2, 1 (, 12 ) and Wrap Wrap STOP n Wrap AUTO : 2 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

57 Timebase Modes and Setup 7 12 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

58 8 Triggers and When to Use Them Choosing the Right Trigger LeCroy edge SMART Trigger 3 : AUTO, NORMAL, SINGLE STOP Modifying Trigger Settings, TRIGGER SETUP Glitch hold-off - 8-1, Main Trigger Menus Edge SMART LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

59 Triggers and When to Use Them Edge or SMART TM Edge SMART TM Edge Triggers SMART Trigger, Edge ( 8 34 ) SMART TM Glitches Spikes,, Missing bits -, SMART TM 1 ( ) 2 3 SMART TM Trigger symbols or icons (cognition) Edge SMART TM (more heavily marked transition), 8 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

60 LC SERIES Edge Trigger Edge, ( 8 2),, hold-off SMART TM Edge ( 8 34 ) Edge Edge Trigger on Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Line Coupling DC AC LFREJ HFREJ HF Slope and Window Pos Neg depending on model Holdoff Off Time Events 8 2 Edge Trigger Menus (see page 8 34) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

61 Triggers and When to Use Them Trigger Source AVAILABLE ONLY ON LC564, LC584 AND LC684 SERIES Level The trigger source may be one of the following: (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 or CH 4) gain,, Line (LINE) EXT BNC (EXT) EXT/10 5V EXT 05V LC564, LC584, LC684 EXT 12V EXT/5 ±6 V In addition to the EXT BNC connector, acquisition channels that are not used when channels are combined for greater sample rates or memory can be used for triggering (see Chapter 7, Combining Channels ) ( ) : (division) ±5 EXT ±05 V LC564, LC584, LC684 ±12 V EXT/10 ±5 V LC564, LC584, LC684 EXT/5 6V (0 ) Note:, 8 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

62 LC SERIES Coupling Slope Hold-off, : DC: - bursts AC AC:, DC, 50Hz (LC564, LC584 LC684 <10 Hz) LF REJ: DC 50kHz (LC564, LC584 LC MHz ) HF REJ: DC 50kHz HF: 300MHz, 500MHz (LC564, LC584 LC684 1 GHz) HF ( SMART TM Trigger) AC Hold-off,,,, Holdoff Hold-off ( ) holdoff Hold-off, (sub- ) (number) (duration), hold-off (value) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

63 Triggers and When to Use Them Hold-off by Time ( 8 3) hold-off Trigger Source: Positive Slope Trigger Event Trigger Event Trigger Event Trigger can occur Hold-off time Hold-off time Generated Trigger Trigger initiates hold-off timer Trigger initiates hold-off timer 8 3 Hold-off Time Edge Trigger positive slope, Hold-off Time This example represents a positive edge trigger level of 0008 V and a hold-off time of 50 ns 8 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

64 LC SERIES Hold-off by Events hold-off ( 8 4) (number) (number) Trigger Source: Positive Slope Trigger Event Event #1 Event #2 Trigger Event Event #1 Event #2 Trigger Event Trigger can occur Hold-off by 2 events Hold-off by 2 events Generated Trigger Trigger initiates hold-off timer Trigger initiates hold-off timer 8 4 Hold-off by Events Edge Trigger positive slope, This example indicates a hold-off of 37 events LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

65 Triggers and When to Use Them Window Trigger AVAILABLE ONLY ON LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES ( 8 5), 05ns Upper Region Trigger Level WINDOW REGION Lower Region Time Triggers 8 5 Edge Window Trigger: This example shows the trigger level and the range of the window region 8 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

66 LC SERIES SMART Trigger Glitch Trigger SMART TM glitch, (interval),, TV, edge qualified, dropouts, Runts slew, ( 8 6) The example above shows a pulse width of 10 ns Glitch Trigger on Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Pattern Coupling DC AC LFREJ HFREJ At end of Neg Pos pulse Width: less than or equal to Off Time Width: greater than or equal to Off Time 8 6 Glitch Trigger Menus (see page 8 36) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

67 Triggers and When to Use Them Glitch Applications Pulse Smaller than Selected Pulse Width (digital electronics) (internal) clock clock- - glitch (electronic development), ATE, EMI, ( 8 7) edge LC564, LC584 LC ps 600ps-20s 25ns 20s, 1ns (wide) Trigger Source Glitch Width Trigger can occur Glitch Width Width Selected Generated Trigger Width Selected 8 7 Glitch Trigger: 8 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

68 LC SERIES Exclusion Trigger Glitch (exclusion) ( 8 8), - edge ( ) 8 8 Exclusion Trigger 250ns 275ns OR Width AND Exclusion Applications (Exclusion), fail LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

69 Triggers and When to Use Them Interval Trigger Interval ( 8 9) (polarity) edge edge (positive to positive edge) : edge (negative to negative edge) Interval (capture), Interval Trigger on Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Pattern Coupling DC AC LFREJ HFREJ Between Neg Pos edges Interval: less than or equal to Off Time Interval: greater than or equal to Off Time 8 9 Interval Trigger Menus (see page 8 38) Interval Applications Interval (transition) 8 12 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

70 LC SERIES Interval Smaller Interval,, edge ( 8 10) edge Interval edge 10ns 20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2ns 20s) Interval Trigger Source: Positive Slope Interval Width Interval Width Trigger can occur Selected Interval Selected Interval Generated Trigger 8 10 Interval, This example shows a positive slope and interval of 199 ms selected LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

71 Triggers and When to Use Them Interval Larger Interval interval edge ( 8 11) interval (second) edge Interval edge 10ns 20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2ns 20s) Trigger Source: Positive Slope Interval Width Interval Width Trigger can occur Selected Interval Selected Interval Generated Trigger 8 11, This example shows a positive slope and interval of 258 ns selected 8 14 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

72 LC SERIES Interval Between Range Interval edge ( 8 12) edge 10ns 20s (LC564, LC584d LC684 2 ns 20 s) Trigger Source: Positive Slope Interval Width Interval Width Trigger can occur Range Range 0 T1 T2 0 Generated Trigger T1 T T1 = ; T2 =, This example shows a positive slope, range limits of 100 ns and 54 m s, selected LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

73 Triggers and When to Use Them Interval Outside Range Interval 2 edge Interval edge edge 10ns 20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns 20 s) Trigger Source: Positive Slope Interval Width Interval Width Trigger can occur Range 0 T1 T2 0 Generated Trigger T1 Range T : T1 = ; T2 = This example shows a positive slope, and range limits of 100 ns and 3475 ns selected OR means that intervals above or below the range have been targeted 8 16 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

74 LC SERIES Pattern Trigger ( 8 14) 5, CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4 EXT AND : threshold, ( 8 15), CH1, CH2, EXT, 10ns 20s Hold-off (LC564, LC584 LC684 2ns 20S) 1 99,999,999 Pattern Trigger on Exiting Entering Pattern with Ext Coupling DC AC LFREJ HFREJ Level L H X (Level value) Holdoff Off Time Evts 8 14 Pattern Trigger Menus (see page 8 43) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

75 Triggers and When to Use Them Pattern Applications (transmission) CH 1 Threshold High Low CH 2 Pattern 1H*2L Threshold High Low Generated Trigger (Pattern Entering) Generated Trigger (Pattern Exiting) 8 15 Pattern Trigger:, Information summarizing the pattern setup is displayed 8 18 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

76 LC SERIES More About Pattern Trigger, 2 (transition) -, : 20s 10ns Hold-off (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns 20s) 1 99,999,999 Hold-off, AND (de Morgan) Bi- Bi- Single-Shot Bi- : CH1 CH2 CH2 threshold +100mV, CH2 200mV Bi- +100mV CH1 200mV CH2 2 ( ) Boolean : Trigger = CH 1 + CH 2, CH1 = high CH 2 = low : Trigger = CH 1 CH 2, CH 1 = low CH 2 = high threshold 1L*2H entering 1L*2H LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

77 Triggers and When to Use Them Qualified Triggers Qualified ( 8 16), 2 Qualified : State-Qualified,, (Qualified First Trigger 8 24 ) Qualified (validation) (potential) Qualified Qualified By Edge State qualifier By Edge State qualifier Trigger on Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Trigger on Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Only after Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Pattern After Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model Pattern Goes and stays Above Below value Has gone Above Below value Within Wait Off Time < Time> Evts Within Wait Off Time < Time> Evts 8 16 State- and Edge-Qualified Trigger Menus (see pages 8 40 and 8 41) 8 20 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

78 LC SERIES Qualified, AND :, CH1 CH2 EXT, : 20s 10ns, 99,999,999 CH1, Qualified Applications State-Qualified with Wait Wait state-qualified ( 8 17) : (Time) (timeout) (Events) This example shows a State-Qualified-withtime-Wait trigger: positive slope, 2 ns delay, goes and stays Above - 24 mv LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

79 Triggers and When to Use Them Trigger Source: Positive Slope Qualifier: Pattern Present Trigger can occur Wait Generated Trigger Wait 8 17 State-Qualified by Wait: Trigger after timeout (rising) edge wait-timeout timeout This example shows an Edge-Qualified-with-event Wait trigger on CH 2 (described next page): positive slope, wait of 109 events, level of 250 V, and pattern present as indicated 8 22 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

80 LC SERIES Edge-Qualified with Wait State-Qualified, Edge-Qualified with Wait (time) ( 8 18) (Time) (Delay) (timeout) (timing for the delay) ( Events), Trigger Source: Positive Slope Qualifier: Pattern Present Trigger can occur Selected Time Selected Time Generated Trigger 8 18 Edge-Qualified by Wait: Trigger after timeout LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

81 Triggers and When to Use Them Qualified First Qualified First Trigger ( 8 19) (8 44 ) Qualified First Qualified First, single valid, Qualified First Qual First By Edge State qualifier Trigger on Ext Ext10 After Ext Ext10 Pattern Has gone Above Below value Within Wait Off Time < Time> Evts 8 19 Qualified First Trigger Menus (see page 8 44) Applications (data storage) Qualifier servo gate 8 24 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

82 LC SERIES Qualifier (Edge-)Qualified Trigger Trigger Segment 1 DT Segment 2 DT Segment N Qualifier Qualified First Trigger Trigger Segment 1 DT Segment 2 DT Segment N 20 Comparing Qualified ( ) and Qualified First ( ) Triggers Whereas the (Edge-) Qualified Trigger requires that each of the segments be qualified by a valid condition in Sequence Mode, Qualified First Trigger needs only a single valid condition to qualify a full sequence of segments Note that the inter-segment deadtime (DT) is much shorter with Qualified First, which is used only in Sequence Mode This example shows Qualified First Trigger LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

83 Triggers and When to Use Them TV Trigger Edge-Qualified TV ( 8 21) TV TV PAL, SECAM NTSC (transition),,, (factor), TV TV TV TV signal on Ext Ext 10 or Ext5 depending on model # of fields TV type Standard Custom as: 625/50/2:1 525/60/2:1 (Standard) as: Line# Hz Interlacing#:# (Custom) Trigger on Line# Field# any 8 21 TV Trigger Menus (see page 8 39 ) 8 26 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

84 LC SERIES Notes for TV Trigger TV 2, - (FIELDLOCK) -NUMBERING, Line 1, 3, 5, 7( 2, 4, 6, 8) : 625/50/2:1 (PAL SECAM ) Line 1 (Number) : 8 PAL 4 secam 525/60/2:1 (NTSC ) 60- NTSC , (Number) : 4 US- NTSC?/50/?,?/60/?, - - (equalizing) - (capability) RIS negative-going synch This example TV Trigger shows a trigger on Line 338 of an even field of a PAL/SECAM signal on CH 1 The 25 in parentheses is the number of the line selected in Field 1 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

85 Triggers and When to Use Them Dropout Trigger Dropout ( 8 22) time-out ( 8 23) 25 ns 20 s time-out (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns 20 s) Dropout Trigger after timeout if no edge occurs on Ext Ext10 or Ext5 depending on model With slope Positive Negative Within Time 8 22 Dropout Trigger Menus (see page 8 42) Dropout Applications Dropout hang-ups interruption Single- Shot - RIS,, timeout 8 28 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

86 LC SERIES Trigger Source Trigger can occur Wait Time-out Wait Time-out Generated Trigger 8 23 Dropout Trigger: occurs when the time-out has expired The bold upward-pointing arrows show where the trigger occurs This Dropout Trigger example shows a wait time-out of 25 ns LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

87 Triggers and When to Use Them Runt Trigger AVAILABLE ONLY ON LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES Runt ( 8 24) Threshold Threshold Threshold ( 8 25) 2 Threshold 600ps 20s Edge( ) Runt Runt Trigger on Ext Ext5 Coupling DC AC LFREJ HFREJ With Level: upper level lower level Width: runt <= runt >= Edge: Negative Positive 8 24 Runt Trigger Menus (see page 8 45) Runt Applications Runt ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

88 LC SERIES Trigger Source Upper Threshold Level Generated Trigger (Positive Slope) Lower Threshold Level Generated Trigger (Negative Slope) 8 25 Runt Trigger: triggers when a pulse crosses the first threshold but not the second before re-crossing the first marked by the bold, upward-pointing arrows This example sows a positive edge ( Neg was selected to obtain this), the difference between the two threshold levels ( veto ), and the runt width LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

89 Triggers and When to Use Them Slew Rate Trigger AVAILABLE ONLY ON LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES Slew Rate ( 8 26) Threshold Threshold Threshold ( 8 27) 2 Threshold 600ps-20s Edge( ) Runt Slew Rate Trigger on Ext Ext5 Coupling DC AC LFREJ HFREJ With dv: upper level lower level dt: dt <= dt >= Slope: Negative Positive 8 26 Slew Rate Trigger Menus (see page 8 46) Applications Slew Rate (design) 8 32 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

90 LC SERIES Trigger Source dv dt dt dt dt Upper Threshold Level Lower Threshold Level Generated Trigger 8 27 Slew Rate Trigger: occurs when a rising or falling edge crosses two thresholds (dv) outside a selected time range (dt), marked by the bold, upward-pointing arrow This Slew Rate example is the same as the Edge Trigger symbol, but shows lower (0556 V) and upper (188 m) threshold levels, and a time range ( 736 ns) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

91 Triggers and When to Use Them TRIGGER SETUP: Edge : Trigger,, (positive or negative), Hold-off Edge/SMART Edge (Edge 8 3 ) trigger on ON coupling slope Positive Negative LC564, LC584 LC684 : Window, ( ), Window Size, holdoff Hold-off Events ( : ) hold-off LC564, LC584 LC684 10ns-20s 2ns-20s 1-99,999, ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

92 LC SERIES TRIGGER SETUP: SMART SMART TM : Glitch (8-36 ) Exclusion (8-36 ) Interval (8 38 ) TV (8 39 ) State- and Edge-Qualified (8 40, 8 41 ) Dropout (8 42 ) Pattern (8-43 ) Qual First (page 8-44 ) Runt LC564, LC584 LC 684 (8 45 ) Slew Rate LC564, LC584 LC684 (8 46 ) Edge/SMART SMART SETUP SMART TRIGGER SMART TRIGGER, type SMART TM type SMART TM LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

93 Triggers and When to Use Them SMART TRIGGER Glitch type Glitch ( 8 9 ) Exclusion 8 11 trigger on coupling HP at end of width Positive Negative ON, 25ns 20s Width (LC564, LC584 LC ps - 20 s) &/OR width ON, 2, ( & ) OR 25ns 20s Width (LC564, LC584 LC ps - 20 s) 8 36 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

94 LC SERIES SMART TRIGGER Glitch Pattern Pattern trigger on ( ) 5 AND type Glitch ( 8 9 ) trigger on Pattern for pattern Present Absent pattern width (time value) 25 ns 20 s (LC564, LC584 LC ps- 20s) &/OR width Width, 25ns ~ 20s (LC564, LC584 LC ps ~ 20 s ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

95 Triggers and When to Use Them SMART TRIGGER Interval type Interval (Interval 8 12 ) trigger on Pattern 5 AND, - ( ) coupling HP between 2 Positive Negative Edge interval (turn on), interval 10ns 20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns - 20 s) &/OR interval (turn on), interval interval interval ( & ) OR 10ns 20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns - 20 s) 8 38 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

96 LC SERIES SMART TRIGGER TV type TV (TV 8 26 ) TV signal on # of fields 8 TV type as Standard Custom TV decoding Standard 625/50/2:1 (PAL SECAM) 525/60/2:1 (NTSC) Custom, (non-standard) TV TV (factor) trigger on any Field ( ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

97 Triggers and When to Use Them SMART TRIGGER Qualified State type Qualified (State-Qualified Trigger 8 21 ) by State trigger on hold-off Edge (8 34 ) only after Qualifier hold-off Edge (8 34 ) Qualifier Pattern Present Absent goes & stays Qualifier threshold Qualifier threshold Above Below Qualifier Pattern Present Absent wait/within ( within, T< ), ( wait T> ) ( wait Evs ) Qualifier (value) 10ns-20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns - 20 s) 1-99,999, ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

98 LC SERIES SMART TRIGGER Qualified Edge type Qualified (Edge-Qualified Trigger 8 23 ) by Edge trigger on hold-off Edge ( 8 34 ) after Qualifier hold-off Edge (8 34 ) Qualifier Pattern Present Absent has gone Qualifier threshold Qualifier has gone Above Below Qualifier Pattern Present Absent wait/within ( within T< ) ( Wait, Evs ) ( wait T> ) Qualifier (value) 10ns-20s (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns - 20 s) 1-99,999,999 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

99 Triggers and When to Use Them SMART TRIGGER Dropout type Dropout (Dropout 8 42 ) Trigger after timeout, if NO edge occurs on with slope Positive Negative within of previous edge 25 ns - 20 s time-out (LC564, LC584 LC684 2 ns - 20 s) 8 42 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

100 LC SERIES SMART TRIGGER Pattern type Pattern (Pattern Trigger 8 17 ) trigger on Entering Exiting Pattern with coupling level holdoff HF, L ( ), H ( ) X ( ), ( ) hold-off Time Evts ( ) holdoff 10ns 20s hold-off (LC564, LC584A LC684 2 ns - 20 s) 1-99,999,999 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

101 Triggers and When to Use Them SMART TRIGGER Qualified First type Qual First (Qualified First Trigger 8 24 ) by Edge State trigger on hold-off Edge Trigger (8 34 ) after Qualifier hold-off Edge (8 34 ) Qualifier Pattern Present Absent has gone Qualifier threshold Qualifier has gone Above Below Qualifier Pattern Present Absent wait/within ( wait T< ) ( wait Evs) ( wait T>) Qualifier (value) 10ns-20s 1-99,999, ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

102 LC SERIES SMART TRIGGER Runt LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES ONLY type Runt (Runt Trigger 8 30 ) trigger on coupling with HP Runt Trigger 3 : Level, : upper level Runt Threshold lower level Runt Threshold Width 2 runt runt ( & 2 ) runt OR runts runt On runt (600 ps - 20 s) runt &/OR runt On runt (600ps 20s) runt Edge Negative Positive runt LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

103 Triggers and When to Use Them SMART TRIGGER Slew Rate LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES ONLY type Slew Rate (Slew Rate Trigger 8 32 ) trigger on coupling with Slew Rate 3 : dv, : upper level Threshold lower level Threshold dt : dt On time( ) (600ps 20s) dt &/OR dt On time( ) (600ps 20s) dt dt ( & ) OR Slope with slope, Negative Positive 8 46 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

104 9 ZOOM + MATH ZOOM + MATH Controls Math ( ) 4 Math A, B, C D, 4 M1-4 A B, C, D TRACE ON/OFF A, B, C, D, RESET ( ) SELECT ABCD A-D LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

105 ZOOM + MATH 4 ZOOM + MATH, POSITION, RESET 1:1,, 9 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

106 10 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Zooming for Precise Waveform Measurement, A B, 01mV/div 50,000, 50ns/div 2,000 (14 ) 500 µs 05ns 8 Using Multi- Zoom Multi-Zoom, 2, 2 ZOOM MATH ( 10 8 ) Multi- Zoom On, A, B, C, D, ( ) Multi- Zoom Zooming Math Functions A, B, C, D ( ) Math, MATH Math, RESET LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

107 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Math Functions and Options Math MATH 10 6 Extrema math,,,,,, 1000, (sin x)/x math B : ( 10 10) FFT (Fast Fourier 1,000,000 ( 10 10) Transform) 3 ( 10 11) Extrema Envelope ( 10 12) Fast Fourier Transform, FFT ( , FFT 14),,,,, math (10 C 15 ) Continuous Averaging, ( ) : 0( ) Summed Averaging Summed Average 10 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

108 LC SERIES Single Shot, SETUP for parameter NORM STOP CLEAR SWEEPS Gain,,,, parameter Summed Average, ( ) 15 Summed Average, Extrema Waveforms maxima(rooft) minima(floor) extrema roof- floor Roof Floor, Normal Stopped function off CLEAR SWEEPS Gain,,,, - parameter extrema, SETUP for LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

109 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup parameter extrema 10 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

110 LC SERIES Using Waveform Mathematics A, B, C, D math function : A 1 2 : B A, C B 1 2, math function C C A B Time-base N Combining Channels A, B, C, D math function M1, M2, M3, M4,, MATH (7 ) Note: LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

111 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup C onfiguring for Zoom and Math 4, ZOOM + MATH math function function function ( function ), A 1, B A FFT, C B TRACE ON/OFF REDEFINE A, B, C, or D SETUP ( a ) MULTI ZOOM & AUTO SCROLL Multi-Zoom AUTO SCROLL function( 10! ) Multi-Zoom,, SUTO-SCROLL, AUTO-SCROLL,, Selected (not shown) Sequence, Selected Segment All Segments for Math use max points MATH 10 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

112 LC SERIES SETUP OF -, REDEFINE A ZOOM + MATH use Math? No (Zoom only) Yes (Math functions) toggling Trace A, B, C, or D is ZOOM of LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

113 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup AUTO SCROLL - ZOOM + MATH ZOOM AUTO- SCROLL MultiZoom Multi-Zoom ON OFF ON, (A, B, C, D), AUTO-SCROLL SELECT ABCD OFF,, AUTO-SCROLL PLAY, STOP PLAYING REVERSE, STOP REVERSING Scroll by Speed div/s, Pass/Fail waveform number of div, number-of-divisions set RETURN WHILE SCROLLING Note: RETURN 10 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

114 LC SERIES Arithmetic,,, A use Math? Math function Math Type Arithmetic Sum Difference Product Ratio B C D M1 M2 M3 M4 2 plus B C D M1 M2 M3 M4 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

115 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Average Summed ( ) Continuous ( ) 1 Summed Average(1000 ) A ( 10 2 ) use Math? Math function Math Type Average Avg Type Summed Continuous for / with of Summed, for sweeps Continuous, with weighting, n Summed for 1 n ( ) Continuous Weight ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

116 LC SERIES Enhanced Resolution Low-Pass ( B ) - Single Shot,, use Math? Math function Math Type Enhanced Resolution enhance by B C D M1 M2 M3 M4 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

117 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Extrema Envelope ( 10 3 ) use Math? Math function Math Type Extrema limits for of Envelope, Floor, Roof, Floor Envelope, Roof ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

118 LC SERIES FFT Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT C ) use Math? Math function Math Type FFT FFT result FFT output : Imaginary, Magnitude, Phase, Power Dens-ity, Power Spect-rum, Real Real + Imag with window of FFT AC DC Notes Fast Fourier Transform FFT FFT LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

119 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup FFT Average FFT FFT FFT function (FFT C ) use Math? Math function Math Type FFT AVG F FT result FFT Average : Magnitude, Power Density, Power Spectrum for of FFT Note: FFT CLEAR SWEEPS Function ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

120 LC SERIES Functions MATH function use Math? Math function Math Type Functions Function of plus Function : (Absolute value) (Derivative) (Exp) (base e) (Exp) 10 (base 10) (Identity) (Integral) (Log) (base e) Log ( ) 10 (base 10) Negation ( ) Reciprocal ( ) Sinx/x Square ( ) Square root ( ) ( DC ) Notes for Math Functions ( parameter) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

121 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Resample Resample,,, use Math? Math function Math Type Resample Delay By, ( ± 2000 ns) B C D M1 M2 M3 M ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

122 LC SERIES Rescale a b : (a waveform) + b, use Math? Math function Math Type Rescale (a * 1) + b a b a = / b =,, B C D M1 M2 M3 M4 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

123 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup Setting Up FFT Span and Resolution FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) RF FFT Frequency Resolution Df f FFT parameter f FFT ( 1, 2, 3, 4), TIME/DIV 10 ACQUIRED WAVEFORM AMPLITUDE TIME CAPTURE TIME = 10 X TIME / DIV AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY RESOLUTION D f D f = 1/ CAPTURE TIME FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT) FREQUENCY ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

124 LC SERIES Setting the Span, FFT Nyquist for Math use max points ( 10 6 ) MATH (7 TIMEBASE ) max points for math FFT 10 1 FFT (1/ T) ACQUIRED WAVEFORM AMPLITUDE TIME D T SAMPLING PERIOD FREQUENCY SPAN FREQUENCY SPAN = K * ( 1/DT) AMPLITUDE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT) FREQUENCY LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

125 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup K 10 1 FFT 1, 2 5, max points for math (FFT ) FFT MATH Hz/div, MATH SETUP Nyquist ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

126 LC SERIES Essentially FFT, TIMEBASE, TIME/DIV for Math use max points Example 10MHz µs ( ) f 10kHz TIME/DIV 10 µs 2 10MHz, 20MS/s 500MS/s 50,000, 10µs TIME/DIV 250MHz, 10MHz 2 : a) TIMEBASE : RECORD UP TO MS/s b) ZOOM + MATH : for Math use max points MS/s 25MS/s FFT 125MHz, 10MHz Note: b b LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

127 Zoom, Mathematics, and Math Setup 25MS/s 125MHz 125MHz/Div 1, ,000 FFT 2MHz/Div 125MHz ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

128 11 Display Revealing the Complete Picture - - ( 11 3 ) (Page 11 2) Persistence Map 1MB, Persistence -, - 8 (page 11 12) function ( 11 3 ) 6 4 ( 11 20), 40 ( 11 4) Persistence (page 11 5 ), Persistence - Persistence ( 11! ), Persistence DISPLAY SETUP ( page 11 7 ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

129 Display How On-Screen Objects are Displayed Background Color MAP - : envelopes parameter Trace Color Association Text Color Association parameter,,,, parameter,, ( ) - - Other Color Links Active trigger-edge -, 11 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

130 LC SERIES Overlap Management Display Order Opaque ( ) Transparent,,,, ON/OFF, envelope, persistence, normal, - - Extrema extrema Map normal envelope, persistence, Pass/Fail,, Neutral Highlighting 4 neutral 6 " " function, - ( ) - LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

131 Display Pass/Fail Testing Pass/Fail, - "1", - -, THE COLORS White Dark Cyan Ocean Spray Fuchsia Cyan Cream Ice Blue Raspberry Yellow Sand Pastel Blue Neon Pink Green Amber Pale Blue Pale Pink Magenta Olive Sky Blue Pink Blue Light Green Royal Blue Vermilion Red Jade Deep Blue Orange Light Gray Lime Green Navy Cerise Gray Apple Green Plum Khaki Slate Gray Emerald Green Purple Brown Charcoal Gray Grass Green Amethyst Black 11 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

132 LC SERIES Analog Persistence Analog Persistence DISPLAY SETUP Persistence ( ) persistence Why Analog Persistence? -, ( ) DSO ( ) LeCroy Analog Persistence DSO, How it Works Analog Persistence DSOs persistence 3 map map - persistence map persistence persistence LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

133 Display Analog Persistence, map - Shades of Persistence Analog Persistence, persistence map ( - persistence function map ) Persistence map,, 0, 0 ( ) : 11 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

134 LC SERIES Setting Up the Display DISPLAY SETUP ( : XY Persistence Dot Join Single (1), Dual (2), Quad (4), or Octal (8) More Display Setup XY? ( ) ( FFTs ) XY ( ) (time/div) ( ) XY 2, XY ( T f ) Persistence Persistence, - Persistence XY Eye Persistence, Persistence " " Persistence "DISPLAY SETUP" Persistence ( ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

135 Display Which Grid?,, XY 8 Octal ( )parameter parameter-, ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

136 LC SERIES Dual, Quad LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

137 Display parameter (Parameter Display) Quad : RETURN, ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

138 LC SERIES XY XY ( ), XY + Dual ( ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

139 Display Displaying Multiple Traces 8, Math,, " "" " ( ) Octal 8 4 Single-, Dual- or Quad-, 8 Octal, 8 Octal ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

140 LC SERIES DISPLAY SETUP Standard, Persistence Persistence ( ) ANALOG PERSIST Dot Join Line Dot Join ON, 400 OFF More Display Setup Grids MORE DISPLAY (11 20) W form + Text intensity Grid : W form + Text intensity 0% DISPLAY 90% Grid 0%, intensity 75% LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

141 Display DISPLAY SETUP Standard Persistence On Standard Persistence On : Persistence Persistence On, CLEAR SWEEPS ANALOG PERSIST Persistence Setup PERSISTENCE ( ) More Display Setup Grids MORE DISPLAY" ( ) For trace On ( ) Saturate at 100% persistence map ( ), rarely-hit ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

142 LC SERIES PERSISTENCE DISPLAY SETUP Persistence Setup Last Trace On - Persist for Persistence ( ) - - Persist 2 persistence Using Persistence, Analog, persistence map Color Graded, persistence map For trace On ( ) Saturate at 100% persistence map ( ), rarely-hit LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

143 Display DISPLAY SETUP XY XY, Persistence Persistence XY Setup XY SETUP ( ) More Display Setup Grids MORE DISPLAY W form + Text intensity Grid intensity : W form + Text intensity 0% DISPLAY 90% "Grid 0%, Grid intensity 75% ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

144 LC SERIES XY SETUP XY SETUP, Persistence OFF Using Analog Color Graded persistence Saturate at 100% Persistence Map ( ), rarely-hit LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

145 Display DISPLAY SETUP XY Persistence On XY Persistence, Persistence Persistence On XY Persist Setup Persistence XY SETUP ( ) More Display Setup Grids MORE DISPLAY W form + Text intensity Grid intensity : W form + Text intensity 0% DISPLAY 90% Grid 0%, intensity 75% ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

146 LC SERIES XY SETUP XY Persist Setup XY Persist Setup, Persist for Persistence ( ) - - Using Analog Color Graded Persistence Saturate at 100% persistence map ( ), rarely-hit LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

147 Display Controlling Color MORE DISPLAY More Display Setup Screen Saver Setup, 10 " ", LED -, STANDBY, Color Scheme (1,2,3,4,5,6) 4 (U1,U2,U3,U4) CHANGE COLORS, ( ),,, CHANGE COLORS COLOR SCHEME ( ) 4 CHANGE COLORS (11-22) Trace color " " Opaque,,, ON/OFF, ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

148 LC SERIES Measure Gate function On parameter parameter Data Points ( ) Normal Bold Choosing Colors ( 1 6 ) ( U1 U4 ) CHANGE COLORS Change ( ) : Background: Trace 14: 1, 2, 3, 4 Trace AD: A, B, C, D Grid: Text: - - Cursors: Warnings: Neutral:' ', ( ) Overlays: LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

149 Display CHANGE COLORS - Copy from (U1 through U4), (1 through 6)6,, COPY SCHEME Change (, ) color to ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

150 12 UTILITIES Printing, Mass Storage, and Other Utilities UTILITIES : Hardcopy GPIB RS-232-C utilities (,, ) (,,,, ) CAL BNC pass/fail (,,,, pass/fail ) Hardcopy Setup ( 12 2 ) Time/Date Setup ( 12 4) - GPIB/RS232 Setup ( 12 5) Mass Storage Utilities ( 12 11) MASS STORAGE UTILITIES Special Modes ( 12 20) SPECIAL MODES CAL BNC Setup ( 12 24) CAL BNC LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

151 UTILITIES Hardcopy Setup HARDCOPY UTILITIES Hardcopy Setup, : output to - GPIB, RS232, or Centronics- (HDD) GPIB & RS232 feed (On) printer ("TIFF","BMP") format Portrait Landscape (" " ) Background ( ) TIFF color, BMP color, BMP compr Hard Copy " " " 12 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

152 LC SERIES HARDCOPY Internal Printer output to : Int Printer GPIB, RS232, Centronics - (HDD) GPIB & RS232 auto print Hard Copy (On) cm/division format Portrait Landscape : persistence LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

153 UTILITIES Time/Date Setup TIME/DATE UTILITIES Time Date Setup, : SET CLOCK FORWARD ONE HOUR (SUMMER) SET CLOCK BACKWARD ONE HOUR LOAD CHANGES NOW Hour Min Sec Day Mnth Year ( ) Hour/Min/Sec, " ", " ", " " Day/Mnth/Year, " ", " ", " " 12 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

154 LC SERIES GPIB/RS232 Setup UTILITIES GPIB/RS232, RS-232-C - RS- 232 PC 9- "PC " RS-232-C GPIB built-in Hard Copy ( ) DB9 Pin No Line Name RS-232-C Description 3 T D ( ) 2 R D ( ) 7 RTS 8 CTS Xon/Xoff,, :, 4 DTR ( ) 5 SIG GND DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

155 UTILITIES GPIB & RS232 UTILITIES GPIB/RS232, : Remote Control from Remote Control RS232 Mode Parity RS bit 8 bit RS- 232, GPIB Talk Only RS-232 odd, even, none Stop bits RS-232 Baud Rate RS-232 (Baud Rate) GPIB Device (Address) GPIB RS-232 : ( " "PC " ) 12 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

156 LC SERIES Mass Storage Utilities UTILITIES Mass Storage Utilities, "Mass Storage" Mass Storage (12-10),,, (HDD) Memory Card Format PCMCIA II / JEIDA 40 DOS DOS 512 CRCs checksum - Floppy Disk Format DOS 144 MB 720 kb Hard Disk (HDD) Format PCMCIA III / JEIDA 40 DOS DOS HDD 512, Subdirectories LECROY_1DIR PC,, DOS 2400 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

157 UTILITIES File-naming Conventions MS-DOS, 3 8 PNL 3 TPL TIF, BMP, PRT Hard Copy 8 -,, Type Default Name Customized Name Manually stored waveform files Sttnnn xxxxxxxxnnn Automatically stored waveform files Attnnn xxxxxxxxnnn Panel files PnnnPNL xxxxxnnnpnl Hardcopy files DnnnTIF DnnnBMP DnnnPRT DnnnPLT xxxxxnnntif xxxxxnnnbmp xxxxxnnnprt xxxxxnnnplt Template files LECROYvvTPL Cannot be changed Directory name LECROY_1DIR Xxxxxxxx Spreadsheet SttnnnTXT xxxxxnnntxt Matlab SttnnnDAT xxxxxnnndat Mathcad SttnnnPRN xxxxxnnnprn Key to Terms x any legal DOS file-name character w the template version number: for example, for a version 22, the template is saved as LECROY22TPL tt the trace name of C1, C2, C3, C4, TA, TB, TC, TD TIF BMP hardcopy graphic image files 12 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

158 LC SERIES nnn a 3-digit decimal sequence number starting at 001 that is automatically assigned PRT hardcopy printer files PLT HPGL plotter/vector files LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

159 UTILITIES Auto- Store Waveform File Naming Sttnnn, Attnnn, S A, 3 SC1, STB Stt, AC1, ATB 'Att' More on Auto - Stored Files Fill, Axx001, Axx , 2400 Deleting Files Wrap Axx001, Axx002,, Hard Copy, nnn,, 3 Media Size/Storage Availability - 1 kbyte = 1024 bytes K 1M = M Write Protect Switch -, " " ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

160 LC SERIES SRAM Card Battery MASS STORAGE SRAM, BAD BATTERY Mass Storage UTILITIES, : Memory Card Utilities (OPTION), ( Utilities ) Floppy Disk Utilities, Hard Disk Utilities (OPTION), ( ) Mass Storage Preferences,, ( ) File Transfers ( - ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

161 UTILITIES FLPY UTIL "Mass Storage" UTILITIES (RE )READ DRIVE ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

162 LC SERIES FLPY UTIL, : format, TEMPLATE AND FORMATTING DO DELETE File " " ( ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

163 UTILITIES FORMAT FLPY " " " " PERFORM FLPY FORMAT DOS Density FORMAT FLOPPY, MB (HD) 720 kb (DD) COPY TEMPLATE TO ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

164 LC SERIES FORMAT HDD "Mass Storage" "Hard Disk UTILITIES " " QUICK FORMAT (15 ) FULL FORMAT COPY TEMPLATE TO - LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

165 UTILITIES PREFERENCES "MASS STORAGE" "Mass Storage Preferences" : " " on drive File Name Preferences, Hard Copy ( ) DELETE THIS DIRECTORY Work with ( ) work with Add new Directory ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

166 LC SERIES FILENAME PREF " ",,, Hard Copy to be set to: RESTORE DEFAULT NAME " " ( ) ENTER NEW FILE NAME BACKSPACE INSERT character File Type LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

167 UTILITIES NEW DIRECTORY - New Directory on Card: MAKE THIS DIRECTORY BACKSPACE INSERT character ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

168 LC SERIES COPY FILES MASS STORAGE, Direction ( ) (copy from) (copy to) Which files DO COPY LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

169 UTILITIES Special Modes UTILITIES "SPECIAL MODE", ( ) Timebase Trigger : AUTO sequence Channels : In On GAIN Changes, all OFFSETS fixed and (VOLTS/DIV) " " " " Automatic Recalibration ON OFF ON Cursors Measure : Read time cursor amplitudes Volts dbm " " Remote Ctrl Assistant RC ASSISTANT ( ) Front Panel USER PREF S" ( ) Firmware Update FLASH UPDATE ( ) ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

170 LC SERIES RC ASSISTANT GPIB RS-232 PC, RC Assistant " : " Log : Off RC Assistant Errors Only GPIB Full Dialog first-in, first-out GPIB 100 RS232 Also GPIB RS Turn to LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

171 UTILITIES USER PREF S Pushbutton auto- repeat On, Audible feedback for buttons On, "Beep" for Knobs On, "Beep" ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

172 LC SERIES FLASH UPDATE "FLASH UPDATE" "SPECIAL MODE" LC564, LC574, LC584, LC684 "FLASH UPDATE" LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

173 UTILITIES CAL BNC Setup CAL BNC O UT CAL BNC UTILITIES, CAL BNC,, CAL BNC : PASS/FAIL (Trigger Out) (Trigger Rdy),, 1 khz, 1 V mode SET TO CAL BNC Shape ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

174 LC SERIES Amplitude CAL BNC BNC 50 Ω Frequency 500 Hz - 2 MHz CAL LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

175 13 WAVEFORM STORE & RECALL Waveform Store STORE W FORMS LeCroy (M1, M2, M3, or M4), (HDD) "Binary" "Flpy", (M1 to M4) "Data Format" "Auto-Store" "Do-Store" "ASCII" LeCroy Output MB, Note: " & Math", 4 M " & ", " & Math", LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

176 WAVEFORM STORE & RECALL Data Format, "ASCII" "Setup ASCII Format","Binary" "ASCII SETUP" Set-up ASCII Format "ASCII" "ASCII SETUP" ( ) Auto Store Medium Wrap first-in, first-out "Fill" DO STORE "store" to ( ) Store All displayed to "Data Format" "Binary" M1, M2, M3, M4, "Data Format" "ASCII" " ", " " " (HDD) 13 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

177 LC SERIES ASCII SETUP Data Format "SETUP ASCII FORMAT" ( E ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

178 WAVEFORM STORE & RECALL Waveform Recall RECALL W FORM, (HDD) from DO RECALL from Memory to,, from Memory to Note: Trace A D Trace 13 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

179 LC SERIES RECALL W FORM from " "," " " " DO RECALL File to ( ) File * to All M File 4 M1 - M4 * LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

180 WAVEFORM STORE & RECALL 13 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

181 14 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters Cursors: Tools for Measuring Signal Values, ( ), Absolute, (Amplitude ) ( ), Relative Amplitude amplitude Amplitude Relative, - - Cursors and Persistence Persistence Amplitude ( ) - LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

182 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters Cursors in XY Display XY, Absolute Amplitude Relative Amplitude Amplitude 1 Y value / X valueratio 2 20 log 10 (ratio) Ratio in db units 3 Y value X value Product 4 φ = arc tan ( Y / X) range [ 180 to +180 ] Angle (polar) 5 r = sqrt ( X X + Y Y)Radius (distance to origin) X Y X Y Cursors TAbs AAbs Arel Org = (0,0) Org = VXOffset TRel VYOffset WHERE: X VXRef 0 VXDif VXRef VXRef 0 VXRef VXOffset VXDif VXRef Y VYRef 0 VYDif VYRef VYRef 0 VYRef VYOffset VYDif VYRef AAbs Absolute Amplitude cursors VXRef Voltage of the Reference cursor on the X trace ARel Relative Amplitude cursors VYRe Voltage of the Reference cursor on the Y trace f TAbs Absolute Time cursors VXDif Voltage of the Difference cursor on the X trace TRel Relative Time cursors VYDif Voltage of the Difference cursor on the Y trace Org Origin 14 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

183 LC SERIES CUSTOM CUSTOM Custom option LC684 SERIES ONLY CURSOR/MEASURES : Option Cursors 14-5 measure-cursor Refer to Measure Cursors on 14-5 of this manual Parameters Parameters: Automatic Measurements starting on 14-8, and Appendix D of this manual Pass/Fail Pass/Fail Testing on of this manual Custom Application Custom Menu on 14-4 of this manual LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

184 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters CUSTOM (continued) LC684 SERIES ONLY Custom application CUSTOM : Jitter Wizard Jitter timing and measurement setups Jitter and Timing Analysis (JTA) Mask Tester Mask Tester Operator s Power Measurement PMA1 Software Operator s Disk Failure Analysis DDFA : Disk Drive Failure Analysis Operator s 14 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

185 LC SERIES MEASURE Cursors MEASURE Off/Cursors/Parameters mode type show Cursors " "( ) Amplitude( amplitude ) Relative Absolute ( ) Diff Ref Diff & Ref : Diff Ref amplitude Diff & Ref amplitude persistence Reference cursor Relative Track ON, Difference cursor, ( ) type "Relative" Cursor position (not shown) Absolute, type Absolute LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

186 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters Parameters: Measurements Automatic D, 2 :amplitude, 5 (14-13 ) Pass/Fail ( ), Parameter Symbols,,, 14 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

187 LC SERIES ( 100 ), integral number of periods ; ( ) overflow underflow overflow underflow LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

188 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters MEASURE Parameters Standard Voltage : peak-to-peak ( Amplitude) Amplitude Off/Cursors/Parameters mode Parameters " " statistics On CLEAR SWEEPS,,, Parameters (accumulation) on trace from to ( 4 ), 1 2 "2" Track On 14 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

189 LC SERIES MEASURE Parameters Standard Time : ( 50% amplitude ) (amplitude 10 90% ) (amplitude 90 10%) ( 50% amplitude ) Off/Cursors/Parameters mode " " " statistics On CLEAR SWEEPS,,, Parameters on trace from to (8 ), 1 2 "2" Track On LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

190 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters MEASURE Parameters Custom 5 Off/Cursors/Parameters mode "Parameter" "Custom" statistics On CLEAR SWEEPS,,, Parameters CHANGE PARAMETERS from CHANGE PARAM ( ) Track On to ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

191 LC SERIES CHANGE PARAM O n line "1","2","3","4","5" 5 Category All, ( ) measure, DELETE ALL PARAMETERS measure of LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

192 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters CHANGE PARAM On line "1","2","3","4","5" 5 Category MORE Dt@lv SETUP Dt@lv measure Dt@lv source, 1, 2 (3 or 4) (A, B, C, or D) from to ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

193 LC SERIES SETUP " ( D ) levels are absolute peak-to-peak hysteresis Hysteresis hysteresis (hysteresis ) from amplitude " " ( ) " " ( ), First to amplitude " " ( ) " " ( ), edge First LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

194 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters SETUP Dc2d+ "Dc2d+" ( D ) hysteresis Hysteresis hysteresis (hysteresis ) clock edge data edge ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

195 LC SERIES Pass/Fail Testing Pass/Fail, / 5 CAL BNC Pass/Fail LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

196 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters MEASURE Parameters Pass/Fail Off/Cursors/Parameters mode Parameters Pass Fail testing Off On OFF CHANGE TEST CONDITIONS from CHANGE TEST ( ) to ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

197 LC SERIES CHANGE TEST On line "1","2","3""4","5" 5 Test on Param --- (No Test) choose Param DELETE ALL TESTS measure Line Line of LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

198 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters CHANGE TEST Param ( / ) On line "1","2","3","4","5" 5 Test on Param --- (No Test) ( Mask 14-7 ) choose Limit ( Param ) DELETE ALL TESTS True if limit "<" ">" 3,,, SET TO LATEST VALUE ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

199 LC SERIES CHANGE TEST Mask ( Pass/Fail ) On line "1","2","3","4","5" 5 ( Action, ) Test on Mask --- (No Test) ( Param ) MODIFY MASK True if of are mask "A","B","C", "D" : /, : 2 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

200 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters MODIFY MASK W form (Generating a Mask from a Waveform) from into W'form D=M4 M1, M2, M3, or M4 ( ) RECALL W FORM M1 M4 A D INVERT MASK Use W'form MAKE MASK delta V amplitude (tolerance) delta T (tolerance) ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

201 LC SERIES MODIFY MASK FLOPPY DISK OR OPTIONAL STORAGE DEVICE from into W'form D=M4 M1, M2, M3, M4 INVERT MASK DO RECALL File LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

202 CURSORS/MEASURE & Parameters CHANGE TEST Action (PASS/FAIL ) On line Action DELETE ALL ACTIONS If PASS FAIL Then ( Dump) Dump Then (Yes) (No) Then ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

203 15 PANEL SETUPS Saving and Recalling Panel Setups PANEL SETUPS (HDD) - - Recall Save Save, TO SETUP Recall FROM SETUP TO SETUP or 4 4 to Card, Flpy or HDD, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

204 PANEL SETUPS Recall/Save, Save, TO SETUP Recall, FROM SETUP FROM SETUP or 4 4, 4, Empty FROM DEFAULT SETUP from Card, Flpy or HDD, RECALL SETUPS 15 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

205 LC SERIES RECALL SETUPS from, DO RECALL File File, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

206 PANEL SETUPS 15 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

207 16 SHOW STATUS The Complete Picture, Summarized STATUS, ( functional status ) Acquisition Status, probe,, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

208 A Appendix A: Specifications Signal Capture Acquisition System Note: Where a particular series is NOT mentioned, the specification applies to all LeCroy color DSOs Where the series is mentioned without reference to a particular model, the specification applies to all models in the series Specifications are liable to change without notice For the most upto-date information, consult the latest product data sheets, available from LeCroy offices Bandwidth (-3 db) LC334, LC Ω: DC to MΩ DC: DC to 500 MHz typical at probe tip LC534, LC Ω: DC to 1 1 MΩ DC: DC to 500 MHz typical at probe tip LC564, LC Ω: DC to 1 1 MΩ DC: DC to 500 MHz typical at probe tip LC Ω: DC to 15 1 MΩ DC: DC to 500 MHz typical at probe tip Active Probe Probe PP005 Number of Channels: 4 Number of Digitizers: 4 Max Sample Rate Window ( A-3, A-4, A-5 Table ) LC334, LC534 Series: 4 2 GS/s in single-shot mode LC374 Series: GS/s in single-shot mode LC574 Series: 2 4 GS/s in single-shot mode LC564 Series: GS/s LC584 Series: 2 8 GS/s LC684 Series: 2 8 GS/s Sensitivity ( ) LC334 Series: 2 mv/div to 5 V/div, 50 Ω, fully variable 2 mv/div to 5 V/div, 1 MΩ, fully variable LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584 Series: 2 mv/div to 1 V/div, 50 Ω, fully variable 2 mv/div to 10 V/div, 1 MΩ, fully variable LC684 Series: 2 mv/div to 1 V/div, 50 Ω, fully variable 2 mv/div to 2 V/div, 1 MΩ, fully variable LCXXX-OM- K ISSUED: January 2000 A 1

209 Appendix A Offset Range ( ) LC334 Series: 200 to 999 mv/div: ±120 mv 100 to 199 mv/div: ±12 V 02 to 50 V/div: ±24 V LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584 Series: 200 to 499 mv/div: ±400 mv 500 to 99 mv/div: ±1 V 01 to 099 V/div: ±10 V 10 to 10 V/div: ±100 V (1 MΩ only) LC684 Series: 200 to 499 mv/div: ±400 mv 50 to 99 mv/div: ±10 V 01 to 10 V/div: ±10 V 50 to 100 mv/div: ±10 V 102 mv to 20 V/div (1 MΩ only): ±20 V A 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

210 LC SERIES Specifications Maximum Sample Rate and Acquisition Memories LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574 Series CHANNELS USED (PEAK DETECT ON/OFF) ON SERIES MAX SAMPLE RATE MEMORY PER CHANNEL (IN POINTS) MODEL A AM AL ACTIVE CHANNELS Any Channel (Peak Detect OFF) LC334, LC534 Series 500 MS/s 100 k 500 k 2 M LC374 Series 1 GS/s 100 k All LC574 Series 1 GS/s 100 k 500 k 2 M Any Channel (Peak Detect ON) LC334, LC534 Series LC374 Series LC574 Series 100 MS/s data MS/s peaks 50 k data + 50 k peaks 250 k data k peaks 1 M data + 1 M peaks All Paired Channels (Peak Detect OFF) LC334, LC534 Series 1 GS/s 250 k 1 M 4 M LC374 Series 2 GS/s 250 k LC574 Series 2 GS/s 250 k 1 M 4 M CH 2 & CH 3 All Channels Combined (Peak Detect OFF) LC334, LC534 Series (by PP093 Adapter) LC374 Series (without external adapter) LC574 Series (by PP093 Adapter) 2 GS/s 500 k 2 M 8 M 2 GS/s on CH k 4 GS/s 500 k 2 M 8 M One LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 3

211 Appendix A Maximum Sample Rate and Acquisition Memories LC564, LC584 Series CHANNELS USED ON SERIES MAX SAMPLE RATE MEMORY PER CHANNEL (IN POINTS) MODEL A AM AL AXL ACTIVE CHANNELS Any Channel LC564 Series 2 GS/s 100 k LC584 Series 2 GS/s 100 k 500 k 2 M 4 M All Paired Channels LC564 Series 4 GS/s 250 k LC584 Series 4 GS/s 250 k 1 M 4 M 8 M CH 2 & CH 3 All Channels Combined LC584 Series 8 GS/s 500 k 2 M 8 M 16 M One (CH 2, or any displayed channel in Auto-Combine Mode) A 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

212 LC SERIES Specifications CHANNELS USED Any Channel Maximum Sample Rate and Acquisition Memories LC684 Series MAX SAMPLE MEMORY PER CHANNEL (IN POINTS) MODEL RATE D DM DL DXL ACTIVE CHANNELS LC684 Series 2 GS/s 100 k 500 k 2 M 4 M All Paired Channels LC684 Series 4 GS/s 250 k 1 M 4 M 8 M CH2 & CH3 All Channels Combined LC684 Series (by PP096 Adapter) 8 GS/s 500 k 2 M 8 M 16 M One LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 5

213 Appendix A Scale Factors ( ) : Probe DC Accuracy (DC ) : ±1% typical; guaranteed ±2% full scale (eight divisions) at 0 V offset LC564, LC584 Series: ±(2% full scale + 16% offset value) at gain 10 mv/div LC684 Series: ±(2% full scale + 1% offset value) Vertical Resolution ( ) : 8 bits Bandwidth Limiter ( ) LC334 Series: 30 MHz LC374, LC534, LC574 Series: 25 MHz, 200 MHz LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 25 MHz and 200 MHz typical Input Coupling ( ) : AC, DC, GND Input Impedance ( ) : LC334 Series: 10 MΩ//15 pf (PP005 ) LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 10 MΩ//11 pf (PP005 ), or 50 Ω ±125% Max Input: 50 Ω: ±5 V DC (500 mw) or 5 V rms LC334: 1 MΩ 250 V max (DC + peak AC 10 khz) LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584 Series: 1 MΩ: 400 V max (DC + peak AC 10kHz) LC684 Series: 1 MΩ: 100 V (DC + peak 10 khz) SMARTMemory: (RAM), A 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

214 LC SERIES Specifications System Random Access Memory: Models LC334A LC374A LC534A LC574A LC334AM LC534AM LC564A LC574AM System RAM (Mbytes) LC334AL LC534AL LC564A LC584A LC584AM 16 LC684D LC684DM 16 LC574AL LC584AL LC584AXL 64 LC684DL LC684DXL 64 8 Acquisition Modes Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS): : LC334, LC534 Series: 1 ns/div to 5 µs/div LC374, LC574 Series: 1 ns/div to 2 µs/div LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 200 ps/div to 1 µs/div Single Shot ( ) : : LC334, LC534 Series: 10 ns/div LC374, LC574 Series: 1 ns/div, LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 2 ns/div, Peak Detect (NOT ON LC564, LC584, OR LC684 SERIES): 400 MS/s, (peak), 1ns (, 25ns, 25ns,, ) Sequence: - (time-stamped) Dead Time between Segments: 30 µs, 65 µs ( LC334, LC534, LC574, LC684 < 30 µs, 50 µs) LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 7

215 Appendix A Number of Segments Available ( ) : Models No Segments LC334A LC374A LC534A LC574A 2 to 500 LC564A LC584A 2 to 1000 LC334AM, AL LC534AM, AL LC574AM, AL LC584AM, AL, AXL 2 to 2000 LC684D 2 to 1000 LC684DM LC684DL LC684DXL 2 to 2000 Timebase System Timebases: main and up to four Zoom Traces Time/Div Range: 1 ns/div to 1000 s/div LC564 Series: 1 ns/div at 4 GS/s, and 2 ns/div at 2 GS/s, to 1000 s/div LC584, LC684 Series: 500 ps/div at 8 GS/s Clock Accuracy: 10 ppm LC684 Series: <10 ppm Interpolator Resolution: 10 ps LC684 Series: 5 ps Roll Mode: LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574 Series: for > points: 10 to 1000 s/div LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: ranges from 500 ms to 1000 s/div External Clock: LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574 Series: 100 MHz (20 to 100 MHz for LC374 AND LC574 SERIES ) on EXT input with ECL, TTL, or zero crossing levels Optional (CKTRIG) 50 to 500 MHz rear panel fixed-frequency clock input LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: CKTRIG option includes rear panel fixed-frequency clock input, DC to 500 MHz (<20 ns rise/fall time) External Reference: There is an optional (CKTRIG) 10 MHz rear panel input A 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

216 LC SERIES Specifications Triggering System Modes: NORMAL, AUTO, SINGLE, and STOP Sources: CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, Line, Ext, Ext/10 (Ext/5 on LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES) Slope, Level, and Coupling are unique to each source Slope: Positive, Negative LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: Positive, Negative, Bi-Slope (Window in and out) Coupling: AC, DC, HF, LFREJ, HFREJ Pre-trigger Recording: 0 to 100% of full scale (adjustable in 1% increments) Post-trigger Delay ( ) : 0 to divisions (adjustable in 01-div increments) Hold-off by Time ( Hold-off) : 10 ns to 20 s LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 2 ns to 20 s Hold-off by Events ( Hold-off) : 1 to Internal Trigger Range: ±5 screen divisions EXT Trigger Max Input (EXT ) : LC334 Series: 10 MΩ//15 pf (LC334A system capacitance using PP002): 250 V max (DC + peak AC 10 khz); 50 Ω ±1%: ±5 V DC (500 mw) or 5 V rms LC374, LC534, LC574 Series: 10 MΩ//11 pf (system capacitance using PP005): 400 V (DC + peak AC 10 khz); 50 Ω ±1%: ±5 V DC (500 mw) or 5 V rms LC564, LC584A Series: 10 MΩ//11 pf at probe tip (PP005): 400 V (DC + peak AC 10 khz); 50 Ω ±1%: ±5 V DC (500 mw) or 5 V rms LC684 Series: 10 MΩ//11 pf at probe tip (PP005): 100 V (DC + peak AC 10 khz); 50 Ω ±1%: ±5 V DC (500 mw) or 5 V rms EXT Trigger Range (EXT ) : ±05 V with EXT; ±5 V with Ext/10 LC564, LC584A Series: ±12 V on EXT; ±6 V with Ext/5 LC684 Series: ±05 V; ±25 V with EXT/5 Trigger Timing ( ) : Trigger Date and Time are listed in the Memory Status Menu Trigger Comparator ( ) : There is an optional (CKTRIG) ECL rear panel output Alternatively, the calibrator output can provide a trigger output or a PASS/FAIL test output LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 9

217 Appendix A SMART Trigger Types Pattern( ) : 5 CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, EXT, High, Low, Don't Care Signal or Pattern Width( ) : 25ns 20s, 1ns Glitches LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 600ps glitches, on 600 ps - 20 s Signal or Pattern Interval ( ) : 10ns 20s LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 2 ns to 20 s Dropout: 25ns 20s - (timeout) dropout LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 2 ns to 20 s Qualified ( ) : ( ) ( ) TV: (1500 line ), PAL, SECAM, NTSC (8 ) Runt (LC564 LC584, LC684 ) : 600ps 20s runts Slew Rate (LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES ONLY) : 600ps 20 s, Exclusion Triggering( ) : Glitch, Interval( ), Runt, Slew-Rate,, slew Auto- setup, Auto-setup Time ( ) : 2 to 3 seconds Vertical Find ( ) : A 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

218 LC SERIES Specifications Probes LC334: PP005 probe : Probe (tip) DC to 350 MHz, 500 V LC374, LC534, LC574A, LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: PP005 probe: Probe (tip) DC to 500 MHz, 500 V Probe calibration: 1 MΩ 1 V, 50 Ω 500 mv 1ns LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 11

219 Appendix A Signal Viewing Display Screen Type ( ) : Color 10-inch Raster Scan CRT, 026 mm dot pitch LC684 Series: 104 TFT-LCD Resolution ( ) : 640 x 480 points Display Area ( ) : 170 mm x 125 mm LC684 Series: 212 mm X 160 mm Controls ( ) :, ; - (front panel) Grid Styles ( ) : Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, XY, Single + XY, Dual + XY, ( ) Graticules:, (blending) Waveform Style ( ) : Dots Dot Join Persistence Modes ( ) : Analog Persistence TM, LC334A Series: 4 Analog Persistence TM Trace Display ( ) : Number of Traces ( ) : 8 (, math function ) Real-time Clock ( ) : Date, hours, minutes, seconds External Monitor ( ) : VGA - (real panel) 15- (15-pin) Vertical Zoom () : 5 (40 µv/div 50 ) Horizontal Zoom ( ) : LC334A, LC534A: up to 2 or 25 points/division LC374A, LC574A: up to 04 or 05 points/division LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: up to 04 points/division A 12 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

220 LC SERIES Specifications Signal Analysis Processing System Microprocessor: 96 MHz PowerPC 603e LC584AXL, LC684DXL: 192 MHz PowerPC Video Memory ( ) : 1 Mbyte Cache Memory ( ) : 32 kbytes Persistence Data Map Memory ( Map ) : 16 bits per displayed pixel ( levels) Waveform Processing 4 function function :,,,,, Sin x/x, math function math function math function daisy chain Average ( ) : 10 6 Extrema : sweeps Roof, Floor, Envelope ERES: 6 - (low-pass) 11- FFT: 5 function FFT Resample: resample, Statistical Diagnostics: in-depth diagnostics LC574 LC584 LC684, LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 13

221 Appendix A Internal Memory Waveform Memory: 16 (M1, M2, M3, M4), Zoom and Math Memory: 16 (A, B, C, D), Setup Memory: 4 - (, ) Cursor Measurements Relative Time: Relative Voltage: Absolute Time: Absolute Voltage: Automatic Measurements,,,,,, Pass/Fail Testing /,,,, GPIB Service Request, logic pulse, A 14 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

222 LC SERIES Specifications Interfacing General Remote Control:, function GPIB RS-232-C RS-232-C Port: Asynchronous;, 1152 kbaud GPIB Port: (IEEE-4881) talker/listener ; IEEE-4882 Centronics Port: hardcopy interface PC Card (PCMCIA I/II/III Ports): flash cards, removable hard disks Floppy Disk: 35-inch floppy disk drive (DOS format) VGA Compatible Display: 15-pin, D-type, VGA VGA output LCD projector Hardcopy: TIFF BMP format ; HPGL protocol for vector graphics Printers and Plotters: B/W Printers: HP LaserJet, HP DeskJet 500, Epson FX Color Printers: HP DeskJet 550C; Epson Stylus; Canon 200, 600, 800 Series Plotters: HP 7470, HP 7550 Internal: high-resolution graphics printer standard or optional depending on model; stripchart output format with 2 m per division also available Output Formats: Binary, or ASCII waveform output compatible with spreadsheets, MATLAB, and MathCad Auto-calibration: Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy Temperature (operating): 41 to 104 F (5 to 40 C) Humidity: 80% RH (non-condensing) Altitude (operating): 2000 m (6560 ft) operating at 25 C ambient Shock and Vibration: Conforms to selected sections of MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Power: 90 to 132 VAC, 180 to 264 VAC, 45 to 66 Hz (LC584 Series: 440 Hz), 400 W (LC684 Series: 350 W) Battery Backup: front panel settings maintained for two years LXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 A 15

223 Appendix A Dimensions: (HWD) 104 x 1565 x 1785 inches (264 x 397 x 453 mm) Weight: 44 lb (20 kg) net; 616 lb (28 kg) shipping LC684 Series: 35 lb (16 kg) net, 53 lb (24 kg) shipping Warranty: 3 years Conformity Enhanced CE Approval: EMC: Conforms to EN (Emissions), EN (Immunity) Safety: Conforms to EN Protection Class I, Installation (Overvoltage) Category II, Pollution Degree 2 See Declaration of Conformity for further details UL and cul Listing: Conforms to UL Standard UL ; cul Canadian standard CSA-C222 No UL and cul listed, File E Resolution resolution, Single-shot Resolution A 16 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

224 SHOW STATUS System,, Software Options MORE VERSION INFORMATION (cyclic redundancy check - CRC), 16 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

225 LC SERIES Text & Times Text & Times for Select, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

226 SHOW STATUS Waveform Summary Waveform,, Zoom+Math 16 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

227 LC SERIES Memory Used : M1 M4, CLEAR INACTIVE Map, Map Map, Map CLEAR SWEEPS LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January

228 SHOW STATUS 16 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

229 B Appendix B: Enhanced Resolution Enhanced Resolution Filtering LeCroy - Resolution : - (simple moving-average filter), Resolution, Single-shot, Advantages Implementation Resolution 2 Resolution Single-Shot Resolution (Signal to noise ratio : SNR) Resolution, Constant-phase, FIR (Finite Impulse- Response) 05 bit, 05 3 bit Resolution /Resolution (trade-off) 6 (B-2) : LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 B 1

230 Appendix B FIR Enhanced-Resolution-Filter Parameters Resolution Increase (Enhancement) 3 db Bandwidth ( Nyquist) Filter Length (Samples) Low-pass filters, SNR SNR white noise,, Resolution, SNR Resolution Coherent Noise SNR, -,,, ( ) Gain overflow Resolution Overflow Overflow,, Overflow, B 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

231 LC SERIES Enhanced Resolution When to Use It?, Enhanced Resolution Single-Shot, Enhanced Resolution Resolution function cleaned up - (, Gain ) Resolution Resolution Resolution LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 B 3

232 Appendix B Low-pass Filtering Resolution (top ) (bottom ), B 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

233 LC SERIES Enhanced Resolution Increasing Vertical Resolution bottom 3 bit Resolution function Note: -, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 B 5

234 Appendix B Reducing Noise Resolution (top ) 2 bit Resolution (bottom ) smooth B 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

235 LC SERIES Enhanced Resolution Cautionary Notes Enhanced Resolutionfunction Resolution 8 bit ADC Maximally-flat Filter - cut-off Enhanced Resolution (2 bit ) Nyquist 58% 3dB cut-off :,, 2 117, 50,000 02%, # # # LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 B 7

236 Appendix B B 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

237 C Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) When and How to Use FFT FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) WP02, FFT Why Use FFT? Theory Behind FFT,, ( 5 ), FFT SWEPT, 0 Rectangular ( ) FFT : C 17 FFT : C 9 FFT : C 14 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 1

238 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) C 1 Edge Leakage, A, Rectangular, B(Leakage ) Von Hann C C 1 Resolution f ( C 2) T FFT ( f=1/t) Resolution (f Nyq = f*n/2) C 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

239 LC SERIES Using FFT C 2 N - FFT N/2 comb N/2 N/2 bins 2 bins Hz : f Power (Density) Spectrum FFT Power Density FFT result Power Spectrum Density (V 2 ) (50 Ω 1mW 0dBm) (, ) Power Density (V 2 /Hz) FFT Hz LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 3

240 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Memory for FFT FFT Pitfalls to Avoid (Nyquist frequency) Nyquist 500MHz 10kHz Resolution 10kHz Resolution : T = 1/ f = 1/10 khz = 100 µs 100 kb : f N/2 = 10 khz 100 kb/2 = 500 MHz :, Edge, picket fence bank FFT Resolution Picket Fence and Scallop 392dB picket fence, scallop LeCroy scallop C 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

241 LC SERIES Using FFT Nyquist Alias, Alias Leakage Choosing a Window FFT, Edge, C 1 B, bins Leakage Edge -, with window, FFT ( C 11 Rectangular Resolution, Rectangular sin x/x Flattop Blackman-Harris LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 5

242 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Resolution Hamming von Hann Improving Dynamic Range Resolution( B ), (white noise) (18 db) Low Pass SNR Eres Low Pass cut-off ( ) LeCroy FIR, Spectral Power Averaging - LeCroy overflow 32 bit Spectral Power Averaging -,,, Root Mean Square, 10 sweeps white noise 20dB C 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

243 LC SERIES Using FFT Spectral Power Averaging 3 4 white noise ( C 3) swept ( C 4) 3dB cutoff 11MHz Low Pass - (single time-domain) 50,000 C 3 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 7

244 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) C 4 Overall FFT, FFT, leakage aliasing FFT Resolution C 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

245 LC SERIES Using FFT Using FFT Functions Math Type FFT ( 10 ) 0 Nyquist (Hz/div) FFT parameter : N ( ) Nyquist (= ½ sample rate), f parameter Nyquist frequency = f N/2 : f = 1/T, T (10 time/div) N/2 : FFT - FFT ( for Math use max points, ) FFT LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 9

246 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT result Phase (cosine), 0 90 ( : degrees ) Power Density FFT - (dbm ) Power Spectrum ( ) : 50 Ω 1mW 0 dbm(0316 V peak) (dbm) Magnitude ( ) Real, Real + Imaginary, Imaginary FFT ( ) C 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

247 LC SERIES Using FFT Windows with window, FFT ( parameter C 17 ) AC, DC FFT 0 DC Resolution Rectangular Hanning (Von Hann) Hamming Flat Top Blackman Harris - Leakage Scallop loss Leakage Resolution Leakage Resolution Leakage Resolution Leakage Resolution FFT Power Average FFT Spectral Power Averaging ( C 6 ) Math Type FFTAVG FFT Result Power Spect LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 11

248 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Additional Processing FFT FFT - Note: FFT, Nyquist FFT Resolution - Memory Status FFT, parameter Using Cursors with FFT (Absolute Time) - Absolute Time - Absolute Voltage Relative Voltage C 12 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

249 LC SERIES Using FFT Error Messages FFT Incompatible input record type Horizontal units don't match FFT FFT - FFT FFT source data zero filled ( ) FFT 0 FFT source data over/underflow Circular computation gain FFT over/underflow ( ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 13

250 FFT Algorithms Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (algorithms) 7 FFT : 1, FFT FFT DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) : X n k= N 1 1 = xk W N k= 0 nk : x k, 0 X n - ; j N W = e 2π / ; N x k X n FFT 2 N 4 X n Coherent gain, 5 X n Nyquist ie R n = R N-n, i, e I n = I N-n C 14 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

251 LC SERIES FFT Algorithms n ; Nyquist : R' n = 2 x R n 0 n < N/2 I' n = 2 x I n 0 n < N/2 6 (Real), (Imaginary), (Real) + (Imaginary), ( R' n I' n R' n + ji' n ) (Magnitude), : 2 2 n n n M = R' + I' 1 6 : NP 10V AC Rectangular, Np x f 10V, Rectangular 10V DC 0Hz 20V : Phase: angle = arctan (I n /R n ) angle = 0 M n > M min M n M min LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 15

252 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) M min gain 0001 dbm : 2 M n M dbm PS = M = 10 log log 2 10 M ref M ref = 0316 V (, 0 dbm 50Ω 10mV 0316V 0224V RMS ) dbm dbm dbm Power Density: n ref ( ) dbm PD = dbm PS log ENBW f ENBW, f Resolution (bin ) 7 FFT 5 R' n I' n : M n 2 = R' n 2 + I' n 2, M 2 n Fourier Transform C 16 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

253 LC SERIES FFT Glossary Glossary FFT Aliasing Coherent Gain Nyquist ( ) aliasing Nyquist - Coherent gain Rectangular 10 (0 db) 10 Window Type Window Frequency-Domain Parameters Highest Side Lobe (db) Scallop Loss (db) ENBW (bins) Coherent Gain (db) Rectangular von Hann Hamming Flat Top Blackman Harris LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 17

254 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) ENBW ENBW(Equivalent Noise BandWidth) Rectangular ( ) white noise bin ENBW bins Filters N- FFT N/2 - f = 1/T ( bins ) Frequency bins FFT N, Fourier N ( 0 ) N/2 FFT N/2 bank, N/2 ( ) N/2 bins 2 bins hertz : f = 1/T T - bin Rectangular 10 bin ( ) Frequency Range Nyquist ( ) 0Hz ( ) C 18 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

255 LC SERIES FFT Glossary Frequency Resolution, Resolution bin f, f f Resolution (, ) Rectangular ENBW f bin C-17 ENBW Leakage Number of Points Nyquist Frequency Picket Fence Effect Rectangular (, bin ) bins Leakage bin Leakage Blackman-Harris Flat Top FFT FFT N/2 Nyquist ( ) : f N/2 -, Rectangular Rectangular bin 392dB (157 ) picket fence ( scallop ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 19

256 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Power Spectrum Flat Top (V 2 ) 0 dbm dbm : Vref 2 = (0316 Vpeak) 2, Vref 50 Ω 1mW Power Density Spectrum Power Density (V 2 /Hz) hertz Power Density 0 dbm (Vref 2 /Hz) dbm Sampling Frequency Scallop Loss Window Functions - FFT -, Nyquist Picket fence : W k = m = M 1 m= 0 a m cos 2 p k N m 0 k < N : M = 3, a m N, k C 20 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

257 LC SERIES FFT Glossary a m = N/2 Coefficients Of Window Functions Window Type a0 a1 a2 Rectangular von Hann Hamming Flat-Top Blackman-Harris Appendix C References Bergland, GD, A Guided Tour of the Fast Fourier Transform, IEEE Spectrum, July 1969, pp A general introduction to FFT theory and applications Brigham, EO, The Fast Fourier Transform, Prentice Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974 Theory, applications and implementation of FFT Includes discussion of FFT algorithms for N not a power of 2 Harris, FJ, On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 66, No 1, January 1978, pp Classic paper on window functions and their figures of merit, with many examples of windows Ramirez, RW, The FFT Fundamentals and Concepts, Prentice Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985 Practice oriented, many examples of applications LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 21

258 Appendix C: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) C 22 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

259 LC SERIES FFT Glossary LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 C 23

260 D Appendix D: Parameter Measurement D 5,, Determining Top and Base Lines Top Base, 2 ( D 1) ( ) Top Base : Top Top Base Base maximum top Upper Threshold (90 % Amplitude) *not to scale ampl pkpk 50 % (Mesial) HISTOGRAM* Lower Threshold (10 % Amplitude) base minimum rise width fall LEFT CURSOR Determining Rise and Fall Times D 1 RIGHT CURSOR Top Base, ( 1) 90% 10% LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 1

261 Appendix D (ampl), (r@level, f@level), Rising Falling Edge, Top Base (Base = 0%, Top = 100%) Rising Falling Edge Mr Rising Edge Duration ( Tr i Tr i ) Mr i = 1 Mf Falling Edge Duration ( Tf i Tf i ) Mf i = 1 Where Mr is the number of leading edges found, Mf the number of trailing edges found, Tr the time when rising edge i crosses the x i x% level, andtf the time when falling edge i crosses the x% level x i Determining Time Parameters Width, Top Base ( D 2) - rms mean D 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

262 LC SERIES Parameter Measurement delay width width width 50 % (Mesial) first PERIOD PERIOD last freq = 1/ period duty = width/period TWO FULL PERIODS: cycles = 2 LEFT CURSOR cmean, cmedian, crms, csdev computed on interval periods area, points, data computed between cursors D 2 TRIGGER POINT RIGHT CURSOR, crms cmean Determining Differential Time Measurements,, Hold Delay ( D 3) c2d± LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 3

263 Appendix D DATA (1) CLK (2) HYSTERESIS Noisy spikes ignored due to Hysteresis band c2d (1, 2) c2d+(1, 2) THRESHOLD LEFT CURSOR TRIGGER POINT RIGHT CURSOR CLOCK EDGE = Positive Transition DATA EDGE = Negative Transition D 3, Hysterisis( ) D 3, c2d (1, 2) ( ), c2d+ (1, 2) D 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

264 LC SERIES Parameter Measurement Parameter and what it does ampl area base cycles cmean cmedian Definition Notes Amplitude: top - base (,, overshoot, undershoot, ringing ( D 1 ) ) pkpk pkpk :, (See Fig D 2) 2 min, overshoot, undershoot,ringing ( (See Fig D 1), ) min (See Fig D 2) Cyclic mean: mean,, Cyclic median: 50%, 50% base Top LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 5

265 Appendix D Parameter and what it does crms csdev data Cyclic root mean square: Root Mean Square RMS N bias, Definition N 1 2 ( v i ) i= 1 Notes Where: v i denotes measured sample values, and N = number of data points within the periods found up to maximum of 100 periods Cyclic standard deviation: sdev 1 N v i mean 2 i (v ) N i = 1, N fractional bias 100, delay D dly D t@lv (See Fig D 2) 50% 50% (See Fig D 2) delay: 50% t at level:, D 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

266 Parameter and what it does D c2d LC SERIES Parameter Measurement Definition Notes clock to data ±: : Threshold, (See Fig D 3) dur duty f80 20% f@level fall, dur 0 :, ; : ; : Duty cycle: Period Width width/period (See Fig D 2) Fall 80 20%: falling 80% 20% Fall at level: Duration of falling edge between transition levels falling 80 20% Fall time: falling edge falling edge falling time threshold Arguments Threshol Remote Lower Upper Default d Limit Limit threshold (See Fig D 1) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 7

267 Appendix D Parameter and what it does Lower low 1% 45% 10% Upper high 55% 99% 90% Threshold falling time upper and lower values : amp lower value = lower threshold + base 100 amp upper value = upper threshold + base 100 Definition Notes first freq last, (See Fig D 2), Frequency: 50% 1/period (See Fig D 2), (See Fig D 2), D 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

268 b base min g ampl 100 Parameter and what it does LC SERIES Parameter Measurement Definition Notes maximum,, (See Fig D 1),, no-zero bin mean median minimum over-, centroid (See Fig D 2),, 0 base top base top (See Fig D 2), base, (See Fig D 1), Overshoot negative:, falling edge overshoot base minimumg 100 ampl (See Fig D 2) fallingedge LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 9

269 Appendix D Parameter and what it does over+ period pkpk phase points r20 80% r@level rise Definition b g 100 Overshoot positive: maximum top rising edge overshoot ampl (See Fig D 1) 50% z Mr , Tr i Tr i Mr i = 1 (See Fig D 2) Peak-to-peak: ( ) maximum - minimum (See Fig D 1) (Fig D 2) Notes fallingedge Mr Mf x Tr i x% x Tf falling edge i x% Rise 20% to 80%: rising rising % 20% 80% (, ) top, base Rise at level: rising rising (, ) top, base Rise time: Rising (10 90%) (, ) Lower, top, base Upper i i D 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K (See Fig D 1)

270 Parameter and what it does LC SERIES Parameter Measurement Definition Notes Arguments Threshold Remote Lower Limit Upper Limit Default Lower low 1% 45% 10% Upper high 55% 99% 90% Threshold rise time Upper,Lower : amp lower value = lower threshold + base 100 amp upper value = upper threshold + base 100 rms Root Mean Square zero-mean sdev N 1 2 ( v i ) N i= 1 (See Fig D 2) Where: v i denotes measured sample values, and N = number of data points within the periods found up to a maximum of 100 periods Gives a similar result when applied to a time domain waveform or histogram of data of the same waveform But with histograms, the result may include contributions from more than one acquisition sdev zeromean rms N 1 i mean 2 (v ) N i = 1 t@level (See Fig D 2) Time at level: (t=0) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 11

271 Appendix D Parameter and what it does top width Definition, base : Value of most, probable higher state (See Fig D 1) Notes,, 50% positive Fwhm negative,, rising falling, (See Figs 1, 2) D 12 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

272 LC SERIES Parameter Measurement LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 D 13

273 E Appendix E: ASCII Waveform Export Using ASCII-Stored Files :, MathCad TM MATLAB TM - - STORE (13 ) Header Multi- Header Segment - Header (ie Extrema, complex FFT) Spreadsheet Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MathCad Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MATLAB No No Yes No Yes No Note: LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 E 1

274 Appendix E Using the Spreadsheet Format with Excel " E 2 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

275 LC SERIES ASCII Waveform Export (,) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 E 3

276 Appendix E ( ) E 4 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

277 LC SERIES ASCII Waveform Export, LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 E 5

278 Appendix E E 6 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

279 LC SERIES ASCII Waveform Export Plotting a Waveform 2 X ( 6 ) LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 E 7

280 Appendix E Extracting Segments from Sequence Waveforms Header, SegmentStartRow := (DesiredSegment * D2) + B2 + 5 SegmentEndRow := SegmentStartRow + D2-1 TrigTime= INDIRECT(ADDRESS(DesiredSegment +3;2;4)) TimeSinceFirstTrig= INDIRECT(ADDRESS(DesiredSegment +3;3;4)) ( ) E 8 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

281 LC SERIES ASCII Waveform Export Using MathCad MathSoft MathCad TM Single segments graphing E 10 multiple segments Single-Segment single-segment 7 MathCad Versions 31 : LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 E 9

282 Appendix E Multi-Segment Example MathCad 3 2 E 10 ISSUED: January 2000 LCXXX-OM-K

283 LC SERIES ASCII Waveform Export Using MATLAB MathWork MATLAB TM 42c1 MATLAB, 2 LCXXX-OM-K ISSUED: January 2000 E 11