OLED vs. LED Lighting

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1 OLED vs. LED Lighting OLED lighting is an energy efficient solid state lighting technology. It has however come to the market second after LED lighting. They have a similar value proposition but LED is much more advanced both in terms of performance (efficiency and lifetime) and also cost reduction. OLED Efficiency 10 LED The gap is large and expanding. LEDs today typically offer 100 lm/w lamps lasting 50k hrs at tens of $/lm; while OLEDs are lm/w (hero cells are already 131 lm/w) lasting 5k hrs for several hundred $/klm. Cold Emission Cost Barrier The performance and cost gap will take time to disappear. In the interim, therefore, the challenge for OLED lighting panel makers will be to differentiate using other non-standard and less tangible parameters such as colour warmth, flexibility, surface emission, etc. These design factors need to be pushed and this is reflected in close partnerships between artists/designers and panel makers. Lifetime Large-Area Emission 2 0 Colour Tunabilit Colour Comfort A key selling point for OLED will also be their ability to act as a luminaire directly, simplifying the value chain. Form Factor Copyright IDTechEx. Use in accordance with distribution licence slide 9

Why OLED lighting? Surface Emission: OLEDs lighting panels are surface emission devices.

However, LEDs can also achieve effective surface emission by using waveguides, as shown here.

Edge and reflection lit LED panels. Sources: Cree, Topaz, GE, TechsignLP, Rambus Cold emission:.

This is in contrast to LEDs which generate heat as power generation is concentrated in a small area

OLED lighting is also generally a low brightness source (proponents claims it does not overshoot user

2 Why OLED lighting? Surface Emission: OLEDs lighting panels are surface emission devices. In contrast, LEDs are intrinsically point source lights. This is a potential route for differentiation. However, LEDs can also achieve effective surface emission by using waveguides, as shown here. The performance gap between OLEDs and LEDs narrows when waveguides are employed, but it still persists. Edge and reflection lit LED panels. Sources: Cree, Topaz, GE, TechsignLP, Rambus Cold emission:. OLED lighting does not produce substantial heat when emitting lights. This is in contrast to LEDs which generate heat as power generation is concentrated in a small area (point source), often needing a heat sink. OLED lighting is also generally a low brightness source (proponents claims it does not overshoot user requirements thus no shading etc). These attributes enables putting the light close to the user (e.g., personal space, clothing, etc). Copyright IDTechEx. Use in accordance with distribution licence slide 10

3 Requirements by Market Segment Continued in the next slide. Copyright IDTechEx. Use in accordance with distribution licence slide 13

4 OLED Lighting Opportunities PET and PEN films are prepared by a process whereby the amorphous cast is drawn in both the machine direction and transverse direction. The biaxially oriented film is then heat set to crystallise the film. Different grades of PET and PEN are available, depending on the target application: Temperature stabilized (for reduced shrinkage during heating): the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is below 20 ppm/degree C, comparing favorably to other material systems that are amorphous that are characterized by CTEs of around 50 ppm/degree C. The semi-crystalline nature of PET and PEN has made heat stabilized versions of these films particularly popular as it enhances their dimensional stability: although they undergo their glass transition temperature (Tg) at relatively low temperatures, they do not suffer from any permanent degradation even if processed at temperatures a few tens of degrees higher (e.g. with a Tg of 80C, the max processing temperature for PET is 130C). UV treated films for photovoltaic applications Different thicknesses of the films are also made available, again dependent on the specifications/requirements of different applications. The raw films do not provide adequate moisture/oxygen barrier capabilities for specialized applications thus, other companies treat the films to improve barrier performance. The branding of each PET product (Mylar, Tetoron, or Melinex) is an historical artefact and does not necessarily describe the specifications. In general, Mylar is used for packaging applications and Melinex for graphics and electronics. Business Model & Market DuPont Teijin Films is a material supplier. Their business is to supply PET and PEN films for various applications, such as packaging, heat sealable films, electrical insulation, labels, financial cards. They also supply the backsheet for the crystalline photovoltaic market. Specialty films for printed and flexible electronics is a niche market for them, and not a real revenue stream. However, this can be viewed differently when one includes less demanding applications, such as membrane touch switch or flexible printed circuit (FPC) E-Ray Optoelectronics Taiwanese producer of organic materials Heraeus Manufacturer of PEDOT:PSS for HIL and transparent anode IDTechEx 260

5 OLED Lighting Opportunities Material sales increased to $23.4M for the six months ended June 30, 2012, compared to $11.2 million for the same period in Phosphorescent emitter sales were 83% of the total material sales in this period of 2012, while host material sales accounted for the remaining 17%. Royalty and license fees increased to $15.9 million, compared to $5.3 million for earlier period, whilst technology and development revenues decreased to $3.4 million compared to $4.3 million in 2011H1. Samsung accounted for 65% of the total revenues of $42.6M in 2012H1. Revenues from other Korean companies (mainly LG) amounted to ~$3M, while Japanese and Taiwanese companies contributed $~7M and $2M, respectively. Revenues from other foreign countries were only $0.4M, confirming that European and Chinese companies are resisting the adoption of UDC licenses and materials. Up until the summer of 2012, the sole manufacturer of the materials sold by UDC was PPG industries. The partnership between PPG and UDC was formed in 2000 and a new contract was signed in 2011 extending through December In the first six months of 2012, the revenues for UDC from sales materials for commercial production were $15.6M, whereas the cost of those materials to UDC was only $2.7M. For the whole year in 2011, the corresponding revenues and costs were $25M and $3.7M, respectively. About the company Universal Display Corporation is a leader in developing and delivering state-of-the-art, organic light emitting device (OLED) technologies, materials and services to the display and lighting industries. Founded in 1994, the company currently owns or has exclusive, co-exclusive or sole license rights with respect to more than 1,400 issued and pending patents worldwide. Universal Display licenses its proprietary technologies, including its breakthrough high-efficiency UniversalPHOLED phosphorescent OLED technology enabling low power and eco-friendly displays and white lighting. The company also develops and offers state-of-the-art UniversalPHOLED materials (including soluble inks) that are key ingredients for OLEDs with peak performance. In addition, Universal Display delivers innovative and customized solutions through technology transfer, collaborative technology development and on-site training programs OLED Lighting Structural Materials Arkema History The Arkema Group was created in October 2004 from the reorganization of Total's Chemicals branch. Its three business segments, High Performance Materials, Industrial Specialties and Coating Solutions, combine coherent and integrated industrial activities. Their first large-scale carbon nanotube laboratory pilot started in February Technology They use a patented continuous synthesis process based on Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) in a fluidized bed type reactor. They use an entirely bio-sourced raw material (use of IDTechEx 266

OLED Lighting Opportunities 2017-2027 Thank you for purchasing this IDTechEx Research report Our dedicated global analyst team have gathered and analyzed the most up to date information from around

There is no filler here; just in-depth, accurate, primary and secondary research to help you profit from emerging technologies.

6 OLED Lighting Opportunities Thank you for purchasing this IDTechEx Research report Our dedicated global analyst team have gathered and analyzed the most up to date information from around the world to present directly to you the state of the technologies and markets. There is no filler here; just in-depth, accurate, primary and secondary research to help you profit from emerging technologies. Your analyst access time As an integral part of this report, we offer a 30 minute consultancy by or phone with a report author so you can really explore the information provided or develop other aspects of the subject not specifically contained in the report. Please contact the author(s) below. As part of our service, we would like to offer you exclusive access to our Technology Analysts to discuss any questions you may have and explore the topic further. Please contact the Primary Author below to arrange a time to speak with us. Lead analyst for this study Dr Khasha Ghaffarzadeh PhD is a technology analyst with IDTechEx. He studied at the University of Cambridge and received his PhD in electronic engineering from University College London where he mainly focused on oxide semiconductor thin film transistors. Khasha is currently involved with an in-depth analysis of the technologies and markets for printed electronics. Khasha@IDTechEx.com Dr Norman Bardsley. Following studies in mathematics and theoretical physics at Cambridge University and Manchester University, Dr. Bardsley taught physics research at the Universities of Manchester, Texas and Pittsburgh, while pursuing research in atomic, molecular and low-temperature plasma physics. In 1987 Norman moved to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to manage research and lead technology transfer programs. Between 1995 and 2006, he served as Director of Technology at the United States Display Consortium and DisplaySearch, a leading market research organization. He has contributed to technology roadmaps in Asia, Europe and the United States We welcome your engagement and feedback please don t hesitate to contact our CEO Raghu Das at r.das@idtechex.com or call IDTechEx

:: Reduce needs for heat dissipation components. :: Extend battery life in mobile products. :: Save power and reduce heat generation in TVs

:: Reduce needs for heat dissipation components. :: Extend battery life in mobile products. :: Save power and reduce heat generation in TVs UniversalPHOLED Technology and Materials UniversalPHOLED Phosphorescent OLED technology and materials offer record-breaking performance to bring competitive advantages to your OLED display and lighting