Modify the UL40-S2 into a Super-Triode amplifier. Ir. Menno van der Veen
|
|
- Julius McBride
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Modify the UL40-S2 into a Super-Triode amplifier Ir. Menno van der Veen Introduction about modifications: The UL40-S2 is already some years on the market and meanwhile I have received several requests for modification of the original circuit. I tested these and in most cases I was not convinced that they offered a real improvement. I got questions about upgrading with other brands of capacitors or resistors or connectors. Again I implemented those, but noticed that they did not offer a well balanced improvement of quality versus money. When I designed the UL40-S2 one of my goals was to design an amplifier that would function well with standard quality components, thus preventing extreme high costs. Up till now this original design has proven to be stable and resistant to modifications. However, one modification inside the toroidal output transformers showed a tremendous improvement in sound quality. Instead of standard copper magnet wire, I used high purity silver magnet wire with a little amount of gold doting (wire from Siltech). I did not offer such a silver output transformer as a standard component in the UL40-S2. The customer was free to decide to upgrade the amplifier with silver output transformers. I must admit that this upgrade is a costly one. However, the improvement is of such a high caliber that I spent extra research to understand the nature of this improvement (which is intended to be published as an AES paper). I also did tests with this silver wire as an internal interlink between volume potentiometer and switchboard. Again this upgrade worked very fine. Up till now this was the only officially published modification. New research leading to new opportunities: Recently the situation has changed because new research in my lab offered me an outstanding improvement, which I following will explain.
2 I always used the UL40-S2 in its Ultra-Linear mode, because I needed the large output power of 29 Watt for my loudspeakers. In the Triode mode the sound quality was better, but the output power went down to a mere 1 Watt, which was too little in my applications. What I really would like to have is a smart invention that would offer me 29 Watt Ultra-Linear output power with Triode mode quality. But we all know that inventions only come when their time is right. Meanwhile I was busy in my lab with a new research about a large general system, that contains all possible topologies and concepts of valve amplifiers. The system not only covers Single-Ended and Push-Pull amplifiers, but also Paralleled-Push-Pull plus balanced circuits like the Circlotron and Unity-Coupled plus many other smart vacuum tube amplifier inventions. This new approach clearly showed that the different valve amp topologies all use a certain amount of local negative feedback around the output transformer and the power tubes. Following I tested many topologies in a universal amplifier (almost equal to the UL40-S2). These tests clearly taught me that there are two winners: the pure triode circuit (SE or PP, both are excellent) and the Super-Triode circuit which I had invented and published in Comparing these two winners, it became clear that their sound quality was equal, but the output power of the Super-Triode was twice the power of the Triode circuit. Knowing this, I was close to the new invention which I will discuss. The only issue I had to solve was the implementation of the Super-Triode concept into the original UL40-S2. From Triode to Super-Triode: The major difference between Triode and Super-Triode circuitry is that the Triode only uses one control grid, while the Super-Triode uses a control grid and a screen grid connected to the Ultra- Linear taps on the primary of the output transformer. See the figures 1 and 2 for more information. 1 3 Vht inverse Fig.1 : Basic Triode circuit. Copyright 2004 Vanderveen
3 1 2 3 Vht 4 inverse Fig. 2 : Basic Super-Triode circuit. Copyright 2004 Vanderveen The standard output transformer (VDV6040PP or PAT4002) inside the UL40-S2 does have Ultra- Linear taps (taps 2 and 4) on the primary. However, this output transformer does not have a separate cathode feedback winding. Would this mean that the Super-Triode circuit is not possible in the UL40-S2? By experience I know that the words not possible ask for closer attention, and therefore I focused on finding an alternative solution. Fortunately my new system showed me the way how to solve this problem, and a new invention was the result. I now will discuss this new modification that will change the UL40-S2 into a Super-Triode amplifier. The price of this modification is little, only a few Euros, while the net result gives a tremendous improvement in sound quality. Background of the modification: When we convert the UL40-S2 amplifier into a Triode amplifier, we connect the screen grid to the anode in each EL34 pentode. This is how a pentode is converted into a triode. This simple action delivers two results. Firstly, the lines in the Ia-Vak-Vgk characteristics get closer toward each others and move to the right side, resulting in a smaller maximum output power. Secondly, the lines in the characteristics get a steeper slope. This means that the effective plate resistance of each EL34 has become smaller, resulting in a larger and better damping of the loudspeaker (higher damping factor). How can a change in screen grid connection have such a clear influence? Because the screen grid functions like a weak control grid on which a certain amount of local feedback is applied. The screen grid receives as a local feedback signal the same alternating voltage as present on the anode. However, when we connect the screen gird to the Ultra-Linear tap (tap 2 or 4) on the output transformer, then only 1/3 of the alternating voltage at the anode is sent to this screen grid as a local feedback signal. This is because the UL-tap is placed on 1/3 of each primary halve. Compared to the Triode situation we now have less (1/3 part) local feedback. The lines in the Ia-Vak-Vgk characteristics do hardly move to the right side of these characteristics, which means that the output power stays large. Their slope is a little less steep as compared to triode, but much steeper as compared to pentode, resulting in a reasonable amount (although less as compared to triode) of damping of the loudspeaker. Compared to Ultra-Linear, the essence of the Super-Triode circuitry is that I apply extra local feedback at the cathode. I connect each cathode to a separate winding on the output transformer. This gives me the extra local feedback to make the power tube function as a Triode, while the output power stays large (the position of the lines in the Ia-Vak-Vgk characteristics is only determined by the local feedback on the screen grids and not by the local feedback on the cathode).
4 How to make Super-Triode without a separate cathode winding?: As said before, the output transformer inside the UL40-S2 contains no separate cathode winding. I do need extra local feedback to change the Ultra-Linear tube into Triode behavior without loosing output power. Fortunately there exists another technique of local feedback. This technique applies local feedback at the control grid of the power tube instead of at the cathode. See for details figure 3. R1 R2 C Vht 4 inverse R1 R2 C Fig. 3 : New Super-Triode circuit with control grid feedback. Copyright 2004 Vanderveen A certain part of the alternating voltage at the anode is sent to the control grid through a voltage divider (created by R1 and R2. Forget C for this moment. Its function only is to stop the DC voltage at the anode to enter the control grid). When I make the voltage division through R1 and R2 equal to the turns ratio of the cathode winding to the primary winding, then the control grid will receive the same amount of local feedback as in the Super-Triode circuit. So, only with two resistors (and a capacitor as DC stopper) I can reach the same goal as with a separate cathode winding. Is this way of thinking correct? Yes, else I would not have published. Also, there is nothing new under the sun. See my book Modern High-End Valve Amplifiers based on toroidal output transformers, page 240, figure There the resistors R and R6 perform the same trick. What resistance should the resistors R1 and R2 have in the UL40-S2? Look into the schematics of this amplifier, to see that R1 in figure 3 equals R12 and R22 in the UL40-S2, while R2 and C in figure 3 have to be added as new components in the UL40-S2. R12 (in UL40-S2) = 82k (or series circuit of 47k resistor + 0k trim pot, see later) R22 (in UL40-S2) = 100k In parallel to R12 and R22 a Styroflex capacitor of (see remarks ) Rnew (in UL40-S2) = (This Rnew equals R2 in figure 3) Cnew (In UL40-S2) = 10nF/1000V (This Cnew equals C in figure 3). Why do R12 and R22 not have the same resistance? The output impedance of the upper halve of the phase splitter (6N1P) has an effective plate resistance of about 18k. This resistance is in series with R12, meaning that R k = R22. The output impedance of the lower halve of the phase splitter is negligible due to the large amount of local feedback around this lower halve circuit. Therefore R22 does not need extra compensation. The resistors R12 and R22 should be ¼ Watt power resistors. The capacitor C can be ordered at Farnell, order number (order per pieces).
5 How to implement this modification? Remove R12 and R22 (both were 1k) in the UL40-S2 and place there the new resistors R12 = 82k and R22 = 100K. Now add above the PCB the series circuit of Rnew = and Cnew = 10nF. See for details figure 4. R12 = 82 k R12 = 82 k f U+ S2 GND 10 nf 10 nf R12 P4 UL40S2 COPYRIGHT 2000 IR BURO VANDERVEEN PLUS HIER COMPONENTENKANT Plaats hier R-C Solderen, zie manual R22 C1 - C1 - R P3 P2 P4 P3 R12 10 nf 10 nf R22 = 100k 40s2-4 Copyright 2004 Ir. Bureau Vanderveen : R22 = 100k Figure 4: The modification of the UL40-S2 into a Super-Triode amplifier ( ) What are the results of this modification?: Let me start with some measurements. The output power equals 29 Watt into a 4 Ohm loudspeaker. This is the same as with the former Ultra-Linear circuit. The output impedance at the loudspeaker terminals equals 2. Ohm. This is equal to a damping factor of DF = 8 / 2. = 3.2 and this is real Triode behavior, as expected. The subjective sound character of the amp really is pure Triode. The sound is very clean, with deep depth in the soundstage and an open detailed resolution of every voice and instrument. Compared to this excellent result, the Ultra-Linear mode sounded more muddy. The dynamic character (output power) of the Ultra-Linear mode was good, and with the Super-Triode it again is good and powerful (as expected). The bass sounds tight, loud and well controlled. But., there is always a but. Every advantage comes with a disadvantage at another spot. So, where to look for the disadvantage? The frequency range gets more restricted. Before it was 3dB at 80kHz, now it equals 3dB at 40kHz. The original Super-Triode circuit with cathode winding did not show such a disadvantage. Did I do something wrong? No, because in this new circuit the signal from phase splitter to EL34 tubes first has to pass rather large resistors (approx.100k). These resistors create a low pass filter with the capacitance (a few picofarad) at the control grid of the EL34, thus restricting the 3dB frequency range to 40kHz. I decided to leave this disadvantage as is, because with CD s (they are restricted to 22kHz) I have not been able to hear any disadvantage in this respect. I only hear clear improvement. I know that when I would try to solve this disadvantage as well, it would create other problems and no further improvement. So, let it be.
6 An unexpected extra advantage: While building and testing the modification in my amplifier, I did not directly implement R12 = 82k, but first used a series test circuit of R12 is 47k plus a trim potentiometer of 0k. I now call this 0k trim pot P. See figure and the pictures. P = 0k 47k + P = R12 P = 0k 10 nf 10 nf 47k R22 f U+ S2 GND P P P4 P3 UL40S2 COPYRIGHT 2000 IR BURO VANDERVEEN C1 - + PLUS HIER P2 COMPONENTENKANT Plaats hier R-C Solderen, zie manual C1 - + P4 P3 47k R22 10 nf 10 nf R22 = 100k 40s2- Copyright 2004 Ir. Bureau Vanderveen; R22 = 100k Fig. : The modification with R12 = 47k plus a series trim pot P ( )
7 With this trim pot P I could compensate very careful for the difference in output impedances of both halves of the phase splitter. While doing so, I noticed something unexpected to happen. I was measuring the output signal at the speaker terminals with an oscilloscope (mv/div.) There was no signal present at the amplifiers. I noticed that the hum-level at the output changed while changing the resistance of P. Before, with trim pot P4, I carefully had made the quiescent currents equal of both EL34 tubes per channel with an accuracy of 0.1 ma. This can be checked by measuring equal DC voltage drop over the resistors R14 and R21 (or zero Volt between the two EL34 cathodes). Consequently there was no unbalance in quiescent currents and this could not cause this hum. This effect made me aware of something very important. The supply voltage Vo always has a ripple voltage on top of the DC voltage Vo. This ripple voltage only balances to zero in the balanced output transformer when both EL34 tubes have exactly the same effective plate resistance. From the former given description, it is understandable now that this effective plate resistance can be changed with the resistance of trim pot P. Why is this so important? Because I have never seen any valve circuit in which you can independently change three parameters of a power vacuum tube. See the original UL40-S2 schematics: Trim pot P4 makes the quiescent currents of both power tubes equal Trim pot P makes the plate resistances of both power tubes equal Trim pot P3 makes the effective amplification of both power tubes equal This means that we can trim the power tubes to exactly equal behavior on three independent parameters. Such a feature I have never seen before. Therefore I now give a very precise procedure how to bring the Super-Triode UL40-S2 amplifier to optimal balanced behavior. 1) Connect a DC-voltmeter (200mV-setting) to both cathodes of the two EL34 tubes. Trim with P4 for zero voltmeter reading. Then both quiescent currents are equal. 2) Connect an oscilloscope (mv/div.) to the output of the amplifier. Trim with P for minimal humlevel (100 or 120 Hz, hum smaller than 1 mv effective). Make sure that P1 (at amplifiers ) is closed to prevent any hum blurring this measurement. Now both plate resistances are equal.
8 3) Connect an oscillator (1kHz sinus) to the amplifier. Load the amplifier output with a 4 Ohm dummy load. Check the output with an oscilloscope. Slowly turn the potentiometer (volume control) P1 to higher setting up till the output voltages is at the edge of clipping. Now trim with P3 for symmetrical clipping. (It is interesting, during this procedure, to listen to the soft sound generated by the output transformer. It is noticeable that the second harmonics of 1kHz disappears at correct setting of P3). An earlier given test method for trimming P3 with a 100Hz square wave now will give a very stable result without any overshoot because the EL34 tubes behave exactly equal. 4) Repeat the above given procedure for both channels of the stereo amplifier. Connect dummy loads of 4 Ohm to the outputs of the two channels and connect a two channel oscilloscope to the amplifier outputs. Set the volume potentiometer P1 at 3.00 o clock. Apply an equal of 1kHz sinus to both channels up till the output level at both outputs equals 8 Volt peak to peak. Trim P2 for equal output voltage. With this procedure the left-right balance has been corrected. (Why P1 at 3 o clock? Because the Alps volume controls have some deviation between its two channels above 3 o clock. The mostly used volume setting is below 3 o clock (I mostly listen at 12 o clock), so we should make the left-right balance optimal in that range of P1). Summary: The Super-Triode modification gives the UL40-S2 amp maximum output power of 29 Watt per channel, with the damping and clarity of a pure superb sounding Triode amplifier. The modification destroys nothing in the amp. Only a few inexpensive components have to be added or changed in value. Especially trim pot P offers new ways to balance the power tubes of each channel on three independent parameters. After this balancing the distortion is truly minimal, resulting in an extreme open and clean and powerful sound reproduction. I wish you much success with this simple and very good sounding modification. Zwolle; 12-october 2004; Ir. Menno van der Veen, Ir. Bureau Vanderveen This modification and publication: Copyright 2004 Ir. Bureau Vanderveen; Super-Triode: Copyright & Registered1998 Ir. Bureau Vanderveen
9 Remark (Nov ): A customer told me that his amplifier started to oscillate (at 640 khz) with the modification. I researched his amp and found the cause. There was a capacitive feedback between the screen grid G2 and the control grid G1, which was not damped because R12 and R22 have much larger resistances in this modification (about 100kOhm) compared to the old situation (where R12 and R22 were 1kOhm). I stopped this oscillation by placing capacitors of (Styroflex) in parallel with R12 and R22. To be sure that such an oscillation does not occur (it did not happen in my amplifier which I used to test the modification), I placed these new capacitors in all the relevant drawings and schematics. The capacitors have the extra advantage that they widen the 3dB bandwidth again to 70kHz, because they compensate the EL34 s capacitance between control grid and cathode. UL40-S modification; See "Modern High-End Valve Amplifiers..." page 199 Cnew UL40-S modification R10 82 k Rnew 100pF Rnew Cnew R k 100pF R k Rnew Cnew 100pF 100pF Cnew Rnew R10 82 k
The Venerable Triode. The earliest Triode was Lee De Forest's 1906 Audion.
The Venerable Triode The very first gain device, the vacuum tube Triode, is still made after more than a hundred years, and while it has been largely replaced by other tubes and the many transistor types,
More informationPrimaLuna DiaLogue Specs Info
PrimaLuna Tube Equipment Model DiaLogue One Specs PrimaLuna Tube Equipment Model DiaLogue Two Specs PrimaLuna Tube Equipment Model DiaLogue Four Specs PrimaLuna Tube Equipment Model DiaLogue Five Specs
More informationOwner s Manual PRE1. v1.2. Triode Class A Line Preamplifier
Owner s Manual PRE1 Triode Class A Line Preamplifier www.lab12.gr v1.2 Table of Contents It is yours Features Installation & Placement Front Panel Rear Panel Remote Control Main connections For the safety
More informationLAMM INDUSTRIES, INC.
LAMM INDUSTRIES, INC. TheLP1Si gnat ur e phono preamplifier LAMM INDUSTRIES, INC. LP1 Signature dual monaural phono preamplifier The dual monaural phono preamplifier model LP1 Signature is the ultimate
More informationNutube.US. 6P1 Evaluation Board. User Manual
Nutube.US 6P1 Evaluation Board User Manual Introduction The 6P1 Evaluation Board (EVB) is a vehicle for testing and evaluating the Korg Nutube 6P1 dual triode in audio circuits. This product is designed
More informationCOHERENCE ONE PREAMPLIFIER
COHERENCE ONE PREAMPLIFIER OWNER S MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Features Unpacking Instructions Installation Phono Cartridge Loading Basic Troubleshooting Technical Specifications Introduction
More informationAnalog Circuits Prof. Nagendra Krishnapura Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. Module - 04 Lecture 12
Analog Circuits Prof. Nagendra Krishnapura Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 04 Lecture 12 So, far we have discussed common source amplifier using an
More informationIntegre4. Audiophile integrated amplifier. v1.2
Owner s Manual Integre4 Audiophile integrated amplifier www.lab12.gr v1.2 Table of Contents It is yours Features Unpacking and Warnings Installation & Placement Front Panel Rear Panel Connections Remote
More informationWhich Tube Shall I Use? By GEORGE FLETCHER COOPER
< Back John Broskie's Guide to Tube Circuit Analysis & Design Next > 10 March 2005 Which Tube Shall I Use? By GEORGE FLETCHER COOPER "Which Tube Should I Use?" Typos A few quite a few typos made it into
More information6SN7 Mu Follower Distortion. Ian Thompson-Bell. January 2009
6SN7 Mu Follower Distortion Ian Thompson-Bell January 2009 Introduction This short paper describes the work done in investigating the distortion produced in a mu follower stage using a 6SN7 valve and its
More informationThe Distortion Magnifier
The Distortion Magnifier Bob Cordell January 13, 2008 Updated March 20, 2009 The Distortion magnifier described here provides ways of measuring very low levels of THD and IM distortions. These techniques
More informationNa Overview. 1. Introduction B Single-Ended Amplifiers
Na Overview The LM3 Output Stage* (LMTHREE = Low Mu Triode with Higher Raw Efficiency Emulator, the precursor of today's PTS Perfect Triode Simulation as implemented in the AUDIOPAX Model 88 monoblocks)
More informationAll-Tube SRPP on Steroids. Only $ February Support the Tube CAD Journal. get an extremely powerful tubeamplifier
< Back John Broskie's Guide to Tube Circuit Analysis & Design Next > All-Tube SRPP on Steroids 16 February 2005 Support the Tube CAD Journal & get an extremely powerful tubeamplifier simulator for Only
More informationN o_ INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER
N o_ 585.5 INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER 585.5 INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER WITH PURE PHONO STAGE Introducing the Mark Levinson 585.5 Integrated Amplifier. With unsurpassed analog performance, advanced digital audio capability
More information16 Stage Bi-Directional LED Sequencer
16 Stage Bi-Directional LED Sequencer The bi-directional sequencer uses a 4 bit binary up/down counter (CD4516) and two "1 of 8 line decoders" (74HC138 or 74HCT138) to generate the popular "Night Rider"
More informationOwner s Manual MIGHTY. Class A Single Ended Power Amplifier
Owner s Manual MIGHTY Class A Single Ended Power Amplifier www.lab12.gr Table of Contents It is yours Features Installation & Placement Front Panel Rear Panel Main connections For the safety of your equipment
More informationFeedback: Part A - Basics
Feedback: Part A - Basics Slides taken from: A.R. Hambley, Electronics, Prentice Hall, 2/e, 2000 1 Overview The Concept of Feedback Effects of feedback on Gain Effects of feedback on non linear distortion
More informationOwner s Manual SUONO. 25W Class A Single Ended Power Amplifier. manual v1.2
Owner s Manual SUONO 25W Class A Single Ended Power Amplifier www.lab12.gr manual v1.2 Table of Contents It is yours Features Installation & Placement Front Panel Rear Panel Main connections Bias Setting
More informationPentodes connected as Triodes. Tom Schlangen
by Tom Schlangen About the author Tom Schlangen Born 1962 in Cologne / Germany Studied mechanical engineering at RWTH Aachen / Germany Employments as safety engineering specialist and CIO / IT-head in
More informationMusical Concepts. Chameleon PC-1T. Circuit Description
PC-1T PC-1T is the standard Active Board. The input signal is DC coupled. This vacuum tube line stage preamplifier uses a single twin triode(6dj8/6922). It operates as a single-stage per channel grounded
More informationLecture 17 Microwave Tubes: Part I
Basic Building Blocks of Microwave Engineering Prof. Amitabha Bhattacharya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 17 Microwave Tubes:
More information456 SOLID STATE ANALOGUE TAPE + A80 RECORDER MODELS
456 SOLID STATE ANALOGUE TAPE + A80 RECORDER MODELS 456 STEREO HALF RACK 456 MONO The 456 range in essence is an All Analogue Solid State Tape Recorder the Output of which can be recorded by conventional
More informationOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR SYLVANIA. Type I08 Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope. Sylvania Electric Products Inc. Industrial Apparatus. Emporium, Pennsylvania
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR SYLVANIA Type I08 Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope Sylvania Electric Products Inc. Industrial Apparatus Plant Emporium, Pennsylvania OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR Sylvania Type 08 Cathode-Ray
More informationS op o e p C on o t n rol o s L arni n n i g n g O bj b e j ctiv i e v s
ET 150 Scope Controls Learning Objectives In this lesson you will: learn the location and function of oscilloscope controls. see block diagrams of analog and digital oscilloscopes. see how different input
More informationDSO138mini Troubleshooting Guide
DSO138mini Troubleshooting Guide Applicable main board: 109-13800-00I Applicable analog board: 109-13801-00H 1. Frequently Found Problems 1) LCD completely dark. No backlight 2) LCD lights up but no display
More informationCPH-10 SUBWOOFER OWNERS MANUAL
CPH-10 SUBWOOFER OWNERS MANUAL www.artcoustic.com Welcome to the world of Artcoustic! Congratulations with your purchase of the Artcoustic CPH-10 Subwoofer. The CPH-10 has an efficient design, producing
More informationInformation. Audio Tuning Vertriebs GmbH A-1050 Wien, Margaretenstraße 98 Telefon:
Information im Vertrieb der Audio Tuning Vertriebs GesmbH Audio Tuning Vertriebs GmbH A-1050 Wien, Margaretenstraße 98 www.audiotuning.com Telefon: +43 1 5448580 Datum: 2008 1 DiaLogue One integrated amplifier
More informationML6428. S-Video Filter and 75Ω Line Drivers with Summed Composite Output. Features. General Description. Block Diagram Σ BUFFER.
www.fairchildsemi.com ML S-Video Filter and Line Drivers with Summed Composite Output Features.MHz Y and C filters, with CV out for NTSC or PAL cable line driver for Y, C, CV, and TV modulator db stopband
More informationVersion 1.10 CRANE SONG LTD East 5th Street Superior, WI USA tel: fax:
-192 HARMONICALLY ENHANCED DIGITAL DEVICE OPERATOR'S MANUAL Version 1.10 CRANE SONG LTD. 2117 East 5th Street Superior, WI 54880 USA tel: 715-398-3627 fax: 715-398-3279 www.cranesong.com 2000 Crane Song,LTD.
More informationStereo Box Pre Box Amp Box Amp Box Mono Switch Box. Tuner Box Dock Box F / V Phono Box MM Record Box USB Phono Box II
Overview Box Program Stereo Box Pre Box Amp Box Amp Box Mono Switch Box Tuner Box Dock Box F / V Phono Box MM Record Box USB Phono Box II Phono Box II USB Phono Box SE II Tube Box II Tube Box SE II Head
More informationTUBE CONVERTERS EL84. Yellow Jackets Types YJS p. 2 YJSHORT p. 3 YJC p. 3 YJ20 p. 4 YJUNI p. 4 YJ7591 p. 4 YJR p. 5. screen grid 9. control.
TUBE CONVERTERS Yellow Jackets tube converters allow EL power tubes to be used in place of the most common guitar amp power tubes including L, EL, V, 0, 0 and 9. Most Yellow Jackets provide a substantial
More informationValeriy Kuchkovskyy, CEO
AUDOLICI is an audio engineering company focused on building high performance electronic audio equipment amplifiers, pre-amplifiers and professional audio equipment, oriented to the use of vacuum tubes.
More information3B SCIENTIFIC PHYSICS
B SCIENTIFIC PHYSICS Triode S 11 Instruction sheet 1/15 ALF 1 5 7 1 Guide pin Connection pins Cathode plate Heater filament 5 Grid Anode 7 -mm plug for connecting anode 1. Safety instructions Hot cathode
More informationExperiment 9 Analog/Digital Conversion
Experiment 9 Analog/Digital Conversion Introduction Most digital signal processing systems are interfaced to the analog world through analogto-digital converters (A/D) and digital-to-analog converters
More informationSINOAUDI TeddyDAC Digital to Analogue Converter white paper Teddy Pardo
TeddyDAC Digital to Analogue Converter white paper Teddy Pardo Contents Contents 2 Introduction 2 About the TeddyDAC 2 Design Highlights 3 Architecture 3 Receiver 3 Construction 7 Digital Sources 7 In
More information4.9 BEAM BLANKING AND PULSING OPTIONS
4.9 BEAM BLANKING AND PULSING OPTIONS Beam Blanker BNC DESCRIPTION OF BLANKER CONTROLS Beam Blanker assembly Electron Gun Controls Blanker BNC: An input BNC on one of the 1⅓ CF flanges on the Flange Multiplexer
More informationUNISON. The Pride and the Passion
UNISON The Pride and the Passion For more than 15 years Unison Research products have been admired and appreciated around the world. From the very beginning our purpose has always been to provide enjoyment
More informationEL302 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB #3 CMOS EDGE TRIGGERED D FLIP-FLOP. Due İLKER KALYONCU, 10043
EL302 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB #3 CMOS EDGE TRIGGERED D FLIP-FLOP Due 16.05. İLKER KALYONCU, 10043 1. INTRODUCTION: In this project we are going to design a CMOS positive edge triggered master-slave
More informationVACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS
VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS...the closest approach to the original sound 2 The Quad II-forty THE QUAD II-FORTY valve amplifier is not only one of the finest sounding valve power amplifiers available
More informationPlease take a few minutes to read this manual so that you will better understand the featues and capabilities of your MV52. MV52 Owner s Manual 1
Congratulations on your purchase of the conrad-johnson MV52 amplifier. You have acquired one of the finer pieces of musical reproduction equipment available today. You will find it to be capable of reproducing
More informationM2 Phono Balanced. Owner's Information. Music's Finest Conductor. Level 2 pre-amplifier
M2 Phono Balanced Level 2 pre-amplifier Owner's Information Music's Finest Conductor Introduction to the M2 Phono Balanced pre-amplifier Congratulations on your purchase of the Audio Note M2 Phono Balanced
More informationML No585 Overview (v.2) *
ML No585 Overview (v.2) * U.S. MSRP: 12,000 USD Ship Date: Sept/Oct 2014 Working Prototype Introduction: May 14, 2014 Munich High End Show The No 585 is engineered to be the finest integrated amplifier
More informationA BBD replacement and adjustment procedure
A-188-1 BBD replacement and adjustment procedure The following steps have to be carried out with the unpowered A-188-1 module (i.e. the module is not connected to the A-100 bus board or the module is connected
More informationThis Level 3 amplifier features Audio Note Silver wire and Audio Note signal capacitors. UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION
Congratulations on your purchase of the Audio Note Meishu Line Integrated Amplifier. The Meishu is a Pure Class A Singled Ended valve amplifier that uses the highly regarded 300B direct heated triode valve.
More informationUsing an oscilloscope - The Hameg 203-6
Using an oscilloscope - The Hameg 203-6 What does an oscilloscope do? Setting up How does an oscilloscope work? Other oscilloscope controls Connecting a function generator Microphones audio signals and
More informationRoHS. Atma-Sphere Music Preamplifier. model P-2 OWNER'S MANUAL. Please study this document carefully before using equipment
1742 Selby Av. St. Paul, MN 55104 651 690 2246 atma sphere.com Atma-Sphere Music Preamplifier model P-2 OWNER'S MANUAL Please study this document carefully before using equipment RoHS CONGRATULATIONS!
More informationQUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT /12/14 BIT 10 TO 105 MSPS ADC
LTC2280, LTC2282, LTC2284, LTC2286, LTC2287, LTC2288 LTC2289, LTC2290, LTC2291, LTC2292, LTC2293, LTC2294, LTC2295, LTC2296, LTC2297, LTC2298 or LTC2299 DESCRIPTION Demonstration circuit 851 supports a
More informationGAMBIT DAC1 OPERATING MANUAL
digital audio weiss engineering ltd. Florastrasse 42, 8610 Uster, Switzerland +41 1 940 20 06 +41 1 940 22 14 http://www.weiss.ch / http://www.weiss-highend.com GAMBIT DAC1 OPERATING MANUAL Software Version:
More informationThe Cathode Ray Tube
Lesson 2 The Cathode Ray Tube The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Controls Uses of C.R.O. Electric Flux Electric Flux Through a Sphere Gauss s Law The Cathode Ray Tube Example 7 on an
More informationSvetlana 3CX10,000A7/8160
Svetlana 3CX1,A7/816 High-Mu Power Triode T he Svetlana 3CX1,A7/816 is a high-performance ceramic/metal power triode designed for use in zero-bias, class B RF or audio amplifiers. A modern mesh filament
More informationUnderstanding. Here s an examination of high-frequency pathological signal transmission issues in today s high-bandwidth equipment.
Understanding Feature blocking capacitor effects Here s an examination of high-frequency pathological signal transmission issues in today s high-bandwidth equipment. By Renaud Lavoie W hy should we do
More informationVACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS. the closest approach to the original sound. series. Classic
VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS the closest approach to the original sound. Classic series The Quad II-forty The Quad II-forty valve amplifier is not only one of the finest sounding valve power amplifiers
More informationMapletree Audio Design
Ultra 4C Preamplifier Mapletree Audio Design Ultra 4C Stereo Phono/Line Preamplifier PS 2D Power Supply User s Manual Rev. Mar. 22, 2019 Mapletree Audio Design R. R. 1, Seeley's Bay, Ontario, Canada, K0H
More informationPhono Amplifier brinkmann «EDISON» Manual.
Phono Amplifier brinkmann «EDISON» ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manual Preface We congratulate you on the purchase of our «EDISON» phono
More informationWestrex RA1713B Auxiliary Record Electronics
Westrex RA1713B Auxiliary Record Electronics INTRODUCTION The RA-1713B is an auxiliary electronics system for use with the Westrex RA- 1712B. It comprises a current regulated, digital readout, recorder
More informationMULTIMIX 8/4 DIGITAL AUDIO-PROCESSING
MULTIMIX 8/4 DIGITAL AUDIO-PROCESSING Designed and Manufactured by ITEC Tontechnik und Industrieelektronik GesmbH 8200 Laßnitzthal 300 Austria / Europe MULTIMIX 8/4 DIGITAL Aim The most important aim of
More informationTWO CHANNEL MICROPHONE PREAMPLIFER
Studio design and build Acoustic consultancy and treatment Sound system design and installation Distribution of high performance, innovative products Own brand pro audio and custom products Cabling Demonstration
More informationAdvanced Test Equipment Rentals ATEC (2832)
Established 1981 Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) This product is no longer carried in our catalog. AFG 2020 Characteristics Features Ordering Information Characteristics
More informationLow Noise Solid State Phono Preamplifier User's Guide and Operating Information
Bel Canto Design PHONO 1 Low Noise Solid State Phono Preamplifier User's Guide and Operating Information Bel Canto Design 212 Third Avenue North Suite 345 Minneapolis, MN 55401 Phone: (612) 317.4550 Fax:
More informationHi-fi for music lovers...
REGA RESEARCH LIMITED QUALITY HI-FI DESIGNED AND BUILT IN ENGLAND SINCE 1973. Hi-fi for music lovers... Rega Research Ltd first started making specialist Hi-Fi equipment in 1973. Back then life and the
More informationBurlington County College INSTRUCTION GUIDE. for the. Hewlett Packard. FUNCTION GENERATOR Model #33120A. and. Tektronix
v1.2 Burlington County College INSTRUCTION GUIDE for the Hewlett Packard FUNCTION GENERATOR Model #33120A and Tektronix OSCILLOSCOPE Model #MSO2004B Summer 2014 Pg. 2 Scope-Gen Handout_pgs1-8_v1.2_SU14.doc
More informationK800 RF AMPLIFIER TUBE UPGRADE
R. F. Note 107 John Vincent August 5, 1988 K800 RF AMPLIFIER TUBE UPGRADE Contents: 1. Introduction 2. RCA 4648 Operating Experience and Evaluation. 3. Tube Selection Criteria 4. Cost and Availability
More informationDesign Brief - I35 and I35 DAC Stereo Integrated Amplifier
Design Brief - I35 and I35 DAC Stereo Integrated Amplifier The I35 and I35 DAC are the latest iteration of Primare s now iconic 30 Series integrated amplifiers, and is the first to use the new UFPD 2 power
More information110LP MOON Series. Phono Preamplifier. Owner s Manual
Phono Preamplifier Owner s Manual Owner s Manual I Table of Contents Introduction 4 Unpacking 5 Installation & Placement 5 Circuit Board Layout s 6 Internal Adjustments 7 Rear Panel Connections 8 Operating
More informationRSL MusicPower Plug-In Installation Manual For Naim NAC 72 Preamp
RSL MusicPower Plug-In Installation Manual For Naim NAC 72 Preamp (Updated to reflect the adjustable gain output boards Z200V) www.ryansoundlab.com RSL MusicPower Plug-In Installation Manual for Naim NAC
More informationThe Orator. by Wilson Benesch.
The Orator by Wilson Benesch. Post Cubism! The Orator Loudspeaker is a direct descendent of the radical A.C.T. One Loudspeaker development. The distinctive form is functional and attractive and incorporates
More informationCHAPTER 3 SEPARATION OF CONDUCTED EMI
54 CHAPTER 3 SEPARATION OF CONDUCTED EMI The basic principle of noise separator is described in this chapter. The construction of the hardware and its actual performance are reported. This chapter proposes
More informationIos english manual:ios english manual.qxd 07/08/ :35 Page 1
Ios english manual:ios english manual.qxd 07/08/2008 10:35 Page 1 Ios english manual:ios english manual.qxd 07/08/2008 10:35 Page 2 Contents Introduction...1 Design Innovation...2-3 Installation...3 Ventilation...4
More informationUSER MANUAL GOLDMUND PH3 Phono Preamplifier
USER MANUAL GOLDMUND PH3 Phono Preamplifier Congratulations. Thank you for purchasing the Goldmund PH3 Phono Preamplifier. You have acquired the best Phono Preamplifier ever made for professional and domestic
More informationBlack Buff Amplifier
Black Buff Amplifier Users' Manual Rev May 12/14 Mapletree Audio Design Al Freundorfer R. R. 1, Seeley's Bay, Ontario, Canada, K0H 2N0 (613) 387 3830 www.mapletreeaudio.com info@mapletreeaudio.com Copyright
More informationMULTIDYNE INNOVATIONS IN TELEVISION TESTING & DISTRIBUTION DIGITAL VIDEO, AUDIO & DATA FIBER OPTIC MULTIPLEXER TRANSPORT SYSTEM
MULTIDYNE INNOVATIONS IN TELEVISION TESTING & DISTRIBUTION INSTRUCTION MANUAL DVM-1000 DIGITAL VIDEO, AUDIO & DATA FIBER OPTIC MULTIPLEXER TRANSPORT SYSTEM MULTIDYNE Electronics, Inc. Innovations in Television
More informationEG4015. Digital Generator Governor Controller User Manual
EG4015 Digital Generator Governor Controller User Manual Digital Governor for use in Gas and Diesel Generators with smoke and idle controls. Senses generator frequency, no magnetic pickup unit (MPU) is
More informationbel canto SEP2 Single Ended Triode Tube Preamplifier User's Guide and Operating Information
bel canto SEP2 Single Ended Triode Tube Preamplifier User's Guide and Operating Information Bel Canto Design 212 Third Avenue North, Suite 274 Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA Phone: 612 317.4550 Fax: 612.359.9358
More informationMANLEY LABORATORIES, INC.
MANLEY LABORATORIES, INC. OWNER'S MANUAL MANLEY LAB SERIES MONOBLOCK 100 WATT AMPLIFIER MANLEY LABORATORIES, INC. 13880 MAGNOLIA AVE. CHINO, CA. 91710 TEL: (909) 627-4256 FAX: (909) 628-2482 CONTENTS SECTION
More informationUSER MANUAL Goldmund PH3.8 Phono Preamplifier
USER MANUAL Goldmund PH3.8 Phono Preamplifier Congratulations. Thank you for purchasing the Goldmund PH3.8 Phono Preamplifier. You have acquired the best Phono Preamplifier ever made for professional and
More information2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier
2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier SR865 2 MHz dual phase lock-in amplifier SR865 2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier 1 mhz to 2 MHz frequency range Dual reference mode Low-noise current and voltage inputs Touchscreen data display
More informationReading 21 ELECTRON TUBES
Reading 21 Ron Bertrand VK2DQ http://www.radioelectronicschool.com ELECTRON TUBES One of the most significant developments of the early twentieth century was the invention of the electron tube. The British
More informationHOM rev. new Heathkit of the Month #87: by Bob Eckweiler, AF6C. Heath of the Month #87 - Heathkit O-Series Oscilloscopes - Part II
Heathkit of the Month #: by Bob Eckweiler, AF6C! ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT Heathkit O- through O- Oscilloscopes. Introduction: In the June RF Newsletter the first four Heathkit Oscilloscopes were discussed;
More informationOSCILLOSCOPE AND DIGITAL MULTIMETER
Exp. No #0 OSCILLOSCOPE AND DIGITAL MULTIMETER Date: OBJECTIVE The purpose of the experiment is to understand the operation of cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) and to become familiar with its usage. Also
More information20/20 -a phono preamplification instrument by Sutherland Engineering
20/20 -a phono preamplification instrument by Sutherland Engineering OWNER S MANUAL A note from designer RON SUTHERLAND: I like design challenges. That is how all new products begin. This time the challenge
More informationM2 RIAA Owner s Information
M2 RIAA Owner s Information The M2 RIAA is a Level 2 RIAA phono stage, developed for the best possible sonic performance rather than technical specifications. To this end, the M2 RIAA incorporates thermionic
More informationDIGITAL AUDIO SYSTEMS: WRITTEN REVIEW 2 DIGITAL TUBE SIMULATION MODELS NICHOLAS LYNAR, SID:
DIGITAL AUDIO SYSTEMS: WRITTEN REVIEW 2 DIGITAL TUBE SIMULATION MODELS NICHOLAS LYNAR, SID: 420 171 012 DIGITAL AUDIO SYSTEMS, DESC9115, Semester 1 2013 Graduate Program in Audio and Acoustics Faculty
More informationIntegrated Circuit for Musical Instrument Tuners
Document History Release Date Purpose 8 March 2006 Initial prototype 27 April 2006 Add information on clip indication, MIDI enable, 20MHz operation, crystal oscillator and anti-alias filter. 8 May 2006
More informationCHAPTER 4 OSCILLOSCOPES
CHAPTER 4 OSCILLOSCOPES 4.1 Introduction The cathode ray oscilloscope generally referred to as the oscilloscope, is probably the most versatile electrical measuring instrument available. Some of electrical
More informationQUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT /12/14 BIT 10 TO 65 MSPS DUAL ADC
LTC2286, LTC2287, LTC2288, LTC2290, LTC2291, LTC2292, LTC2293, LTC2294, LTC2295, LTC2296, LTC2297, LTC2298 or LTC2299 DESCRIPTION Demonstration circuit 816 supports a family of s. Each assembly features
More informationMclNTOSH MODEL C-4 and C-4P
INSTRUCTION MANUAL MclNTOSH MODEL C-4 and C-4P AUDIO COMPENSATORS McINTOSH LABORATORY, INC. 320 Water St. Binghamton, N. Y. U.S.A. - 1 - INSTRUCTION MANUAL McINTOSH MODEL C-4 and C-4P AUDIO COMPENSATORS
More informationElectrical and Electronic Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
2141274 Electrical and Electronic Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) Objectives You will be able to use an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency
More informationRICHLAND COLLEGE School of Engineering Business & Technology Rev. 0 W. Slonecker Rev. 1 (8/26/2012) J. Bradbury
RICHLAND COLLEGE School of Engineering Business & Technology Rev. 0 W. Slonecker Rev. 1 (8/26/2012) J. Bradbury INTC 1307 Instrumentation Test Equipment Teaching Unit 8 Oscilloscopes Unit 8: Oscilloscopes
More informationUniversity of Utah Electrical & Computer Engineering Department ECE1050/1060 Oscilloscope
University of Utah Electrical & Computer Engineering Department ECE1050/1060 Oscilloscope Name:, A. Stolp, 2/2/00 rev, 9/15/03 NOTE: This is a fill-in-the-blanks lab. No notebook is required. You are encouraged
More informationThe Knowledge Bank at The Ohio State University. Ohio State Engineer
The Knowledge Bank at The Ohio State University Ohio State Engineer Title: Creators: Principles of Electron Tubes Lamoreaux, Yvonne Issue Date: 1944-03 Publisher: Ohio State University, College of Engineering
More informationVU Meter Buffer DIY Kit
VU Meter Buffer DIY Kit Warning This document is distributed for educational purposes only. This equipment operates at potentially lethal voltages. Only trained, qualified personnel should operate, maintain,
More informationThe Majik System. Pack /07
To learn more about any aspect of Linn products and the company behind them, visit www.linn.co.uk or contact us at one of the centres below: The Majik System Linn Products Limited Glasgow Road, Waterfoot,
More informationInvestigation of Digital Signal Processing of High-speed DACs Signals for Settling Time Testing
Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 4(2): 67-72, 2016 DOI: 10.13189/ujeee.2016.040204 http://www.hrpub.org Investigation of Digital Signal Processing of High-speed DACs Signals for
More informationA Simple Noise Measurement Amplifier and Filter
A Simple Noise Measurement Amplifier and Filter Scott Reynolds (TavishDad on diyaudio) Tavish Design, LLC (http://tavishdesign.com/) I have developed a simple op-amp circuit that makes it easy to measure
More informationNON-OVERSAMPLING DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS FEATURES DESCRIPTION JUNDAC FIVE
NON-OVERSAMPLING DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS July 2011 - Rev 1.0, Eric Juaneda - www.junilabs.com FEATURES ONE DIGITAL INPUT S/PDIF, AES3 DIGITAL TRANSFORMER INPUT RCA, BNC or XLR
More informationBuild A Video Switcher
Build A Video Switcher VIDEOSISTEMAS serviciotecnico@videosistemas.com www.videosistemas.com Reprinted with permission from Electronics Now Magazine September 1997 issue Copyright Gernsback Publications,
More informationMODEL PA II-R (1995-MSRP $549.00)
F O R T H E L O V E O F M U S I C MODEL PA II-R (1995-MSRP $549.00) OWNER'S MANUAL AND INSTALLATION GUIDE INTRODUCTION To aid in the exciting and custom installs which installers are performing all over
More informationQuick Start. RSHS1000 Series Handheld Digital Oscilloscope
Quick Start RSHS1000 Series Handheld Digital Oscilloscope General Safety Summary Carefully read the following safety precautions to avoid personal injury and prevent damage to the instrument or any products
More informationOrfeo 30 Single Ended 845 Triode Monobloc Audio Power Amplifier User's Guide and Operating Information
bel canto Orfeo 30 Single Ended 845 Triode Monobloc Audio Power Amplifier User's Guide and Operating Information Bel Canto Design 10250 Valley View Road, Suite 135A Eden Prairie, MN 55344 612-942-9919
More informationPROFESSIONAL 2 CHANNEL SOLID-STATE MIC / LINE PREAMPLIFIER USER S MANUAL
PROFESSIONAL 2 CHANNEL SOLID-STATE MIC / LINE PREAMPLIFIER USER S MANUAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS This symbol, wherever it appears, alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions in the accompanying
More information