Broadcasting and Cinema

Transcription

1 Broadcasting and Cinema August 2015 Needs Assessment Prepared by Danielle Pearson Date: August 21, 2015 Broadcasting and Cinema Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 1

2 Scope Data compiled in this report covers San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and Los Angeles counties. Data were drawn from external sources, including the Employment Development Department s California Labor Market Information and the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), as well as Chaffey College s Colleague Administrative database. Data Sources and Calculations Educational Program Data TOP Code Program of Study Radio and Television Radio Television (including combined TV/film/video) Film Production The Taxonomy of Programs (TOP) is a standardized system used at the state level to classify programs and courses at California Community Colleges that are intended to achieve the same outcome. The Broadcasting and Cinema program at Chaffey College is classified under the Radio and Television TOP code. CIP Code Program of Study Radio and Television Cinematography and Film/Video Production The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) is a standardized coding system used at the federal level to facilitate accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completion at educational institutions throughout the country. This report draws on the Radio and Television and Cinematography and Film/Video Production CIP codes. These CIP codes map to the Radio and Television, Radio, Television (including combined TV/film/video), and Film Production TOP codes to compare Chaffey College to other institutions and examine employment trends. Completions Data Degree and certificate data regarding students at Chaffey College were collected from the Colleague Administrative database. Degree and certificate data for all comparison schools were collected from the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). All comparison institutions included in this report are postsecondary and have provided data to IPEDS. IPEDS defines postsecondary education as a formal program designed primarily for students beyond high school age. These include academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, and exclude avocational and adult basic education programs. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 2

3 Occupational Data SOC Code Occupational Title Broadcast News Analysts Film and Video Editors Producers and Directors Radio and Television Radio and Television Announcers Cinematography and Film/Video Production Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Film and Video Editors Producers and Directors The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system is used by federal statistical agencies to classify workers into occupational categories. The Radio and Television CIP code was mapped to the four SOC codes and the Cinematography and Film/Video Production CIP code was mapped to the three SOC codes listed in the table above using the crosswalk described in the paragraph below. Educational Program to Occupation Crosswalk The TOP-CIP-SOC Crosswalk (Employment Development Department, 2009) was used in this report to map TOP codes to CIP and SOC codes. This crosswalk allows the user to estimate labor market demand for California Community College program completers using SOC-based projections from the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry Data The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used by federal statistical agencies to classify business establishments for the purpose of conducting and reporting research on the U.S. business economy. Using the Standard Occupational Classification codes listed above, associated NAICS industries were identified. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 3

4 Introduction and Contents Contents Background Information 6 Regional Job Outlook 10 Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers 14 Regional Graduation Summary 18 Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators 20 Purpose and Goals Chaffey College currently offers a 30-unit Associate of Science in Broadcasting and Cinema. Certificates are also offered in Motion Picture Production (15 units), On-Air Radio Production (12 units), Post-Production Editing (15 units), Screenwriting (15 units), and Television and Video Production (15 units). The following descriptions are outlined in the Catalog: AS Degree: Students may arrange their own program of courses in broadcasting and cinema production, including cinema studies, producing, broadcast audio, television and radio announcing, radio production, scriptwriting, postproduction editing, TV production, cinema, and HDTV production. Motion Picture Production: This certificate trains students for career paths in the field of motion picture production, focusing on the technical aspects of the preproduction, production, and postproduction phases of the cinematic image. Production process includes motion picture cinema camera operation, microphone placement, audio operation, lighting, art direction and set design. Students utilize Pro8 MM reversal and negative film stocks to shoot and edit various student projects. Courses assist students to develop communication, computer, problem-solving, and technical skills needed for employment in the motion picture and entertainment industries. On-Air Radio Production: This certificate trains students for career paths in the field of radio and electronic media. Coursework integrates news writing, music programming, talk, and other radio program formats. Hands-on experience on Chaffey College radio 1630 AM and live radio Internet streaming. Principles of FCC and AM Alert rules and regulations are covered. Courses assist students to develop communication, computer, problem-solving, and technical skills needed for employment in the broadcast industry. Post-Production Editing: This certificate trains students for career paths in the field of motion picture and television post production editing. Post production focuses on the editing and completion of student projects using Final Cut Pro and carious Adobe and Avid editing software programs. Courses assist students to develop communication, computer, problem-solving, and technical skills needed for employment in the motion picture and entertainment industries. Screenwriting: This certificate trains students for career paths in the field of motion picture and television screenwriting. Screenwriting for motion picture, television and new media prepares students to work in the story preparation and ideadevelopment areas. Courses include the study of screenplay structure, characterization, theme, scene execution, and writing dialogue. Courses help students to develop communication, computer, problem-solving, and technical skills need for employment in the motion picture and entertainment industries. Television and Video Production: This certificate trains students for career paths in the field of television and video production. Television production focuses on the technical and storytelling aspects of single- and multi-camera production, including camera operation, microphone placement, audio operation, lighting, art direction, and set design. Students have hands-on experience in Chaffey College s state of the art high-definition TV studio. Courses help students to develop communication, computer, problem-solving, and technical skills needed for employment in the television and video industries. The purpose of this report is to integrate and analyze data from multiple sources to determine labor market needs for the Broadcasting and Cinema program at Chaffey College. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 4

5 Regional Definitions Inland Empire includes the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Los Angeles County includes the Los Angeles- Long Beach-Glendale Metropolitan Division Orange County includes the Santa Ana- Anaheim-Irvine Metropolitan Division Key Terms and Concepts Replacement Jobs: Replacement jobs refer to the number of job openings due to workers leaving an occupation. Annual Openings: Annual openings are calculated by adding the number of new jobs to the number of replacement jobs, divided by the number of years in the projection period. Projections: Projections of employment are calculated by the Employment Development Department and are based on a mathematical formula that includes historical employment and economic indicators along with national, state, and local trends. Occupation: Jobs are grouped into occupations using the federal Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Industry: Occupations are grouped into industries using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Wages: Hourly wages are reported in percentiles and averages. The 25 th percentile is a useful proxy of entry-level wages and the 75 th percentile of experienced-level wages. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 5

6 Background Information Radio and Television Radio and Television programs in California Community Colleges focus on teaching students history, theories, principles, techniques, functions, technologies, and creative processes of radio and television in reaching mass audiences. 1 Radio programs focus on teaching students history, theories, principles, techniques, functions, technologies and creative processes of radio. 1 Television (including combined TV/film/video) programs focus on teaching students history, theories, principles, techniques, functions, technologies, and creative processes of television and video. This categorization includes programs that combine television with film and/or video. 1 The descriptions of job duties for Broadcast News Analysts, Film and Video Editors, Producers and Directors, and Radio and Television Announcers are provided by the Occupational Information Network. 2 Broadcast News Analysts Broadcast News Analysts analyze, interpret, and broadcast news received from various sources. Typical Tasks Analyze and interpret news and information received from various sources in order to be able to broadcast the information Write commentaries, columns, or scripts, using computers Examine news items of local, national, and international significance in order to determine topics to address, or obtain assignments from editorial staff members Coordinate and serve as an anchor on news broadcast programs Edit news materials to ensure that it fits within available time or space Select material most pertinent to presentation, and organize this material into appropriate formats Gather information and develop perspectives about news subjects through research, interviews, observation, and experience Present news stories, and introduce in-depth videotaped segments or live transmissions from on-the-scene reporters 1 California Community Colleges, Chancellor s Office, Taxonomy of Programs, Sixth Edition (Corrected Version). 2 O*Net Online: Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 6

7 Radio and Television Announcers Radio and Television announcers speak or read from scripted materials, such as news reports or commercial messages, on radio or television. They may announce artist or title of performance, identify station, or interview guests. Typical Tasks Prepare and deliver news, sports, and/or weather reports, gathering and rewriting material so that it will convey required information and fit specific time slots Read news flashes to inform audiences of important events Identify stations, and introduce or close shows, using memorized or read scripts, and/or adlibs Select program content, in conjunction with producers and assistants, based on factors such as program specialties, audience tastes, or requests from the public Study background information in order to prepare for programs or interviews Comment on music and other matters, such as weather or traffic conditions Interview show guests about their lives, their work, or topics of current interest Discuss various topics over the telephone with viewers or listeners Host civic, charitable, or promotional events that are broadcast over television or radio Make promotional appearances at public or private events in order to represent their employers Film Production Film Production programs in California Community Colleges focus on teaching the communication of dramatic information, ideas, moods, and feelings through films and videos. This includes film technology and equipment, directing, editing, planning and management of film/video operations. 1 The descriptions of job duties for Film and Video Editors, Producers and Directors, and Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture are provided by the Occupational Information Network. 2 Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture, operate television, video, or motion picture cameras to record images or scenes for various purposes, such as TV broadcasts, advertising, video production, or motion pictures. Typical Tasks Operate television or motion picture cameras to record scenes for television broadcasts, advertising, or motion pictures Compose and frame each shot, applying the technical aspects of light, lenses, film, filters, and camera settings to achieve the effects sought by directors Edit video for broadcast productions, including non-linear editing Adjust positions and controls of cameras, printers, and related equipment to change focus, exposure, and lighting Confer with directors, sound and lighting technicians, electricians, and other crew members to discuss assignments and determine filming sequences, desired effects, camera movements, and lightin requirements Set up and perform live shots for broadcast Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 7

8 Film and Video Editors Film and Video Editors edit moving images on film, video, or other media. They may edit or synchronize soundtracks with images. Typical Tasks Organize and string together raw footage into a continuous whole according to scripts or the instructions of directors and producers Review assembled films or edited videotapes on screens or monitors to determine if corrections are necessary Trim film segments to specified lengths and reassemble segments in sequences that present stories with maximum effect Determine the specific audio and visual effects and music necessary to complete films Set up and operate computer editing systems, electronic titling systems, video switching equipment, and digital video effects units to produce a final product Select and combine the most effective shots of each scene to form a logical and smoothly running story Edit films and videotapes to insert music, dialogue, and sound effects, to arrange films into sequences, and to correct errors, using editing equipment Cut shot sequences to different angles at specific points in scenes, making each individual cut as fluid and seamless as possible Mark frames where a particular shot or piece of sound is to begin or end Verify key numbers and time codes on materials Producers and Directors Producers and Directors produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or motion picture productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. They are responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography. Depending on whether one is a producer or director, and which kind of director at that, typical tasks differ. The following are typical tasks of the different types of producers and directors identified by the Occupational Information Network. Typical Tasks of Producers Write and edit news stories from information collected by reporters and other sources Coordinate the activities of writers, directors, managers, and other personnel throughout the production process Research production topics using the internet, video archives, and other informational sources Review film, recordings, or rehearsals to ensure conformance to production and broadcast standards Monitor postproduction processes to ensure accurate completion of details Conduct meetings with staff to discuss production progress and to ensure production objectives are attained Perform administrative duties, such as preparing operational reports, distributing rehearsal call sheets and script copies, and arranging for rehearsal quarters Resolve personnel problems that arise during the production process by acting as liaisons between dissenting parties when necessary Hire directors, principal cast members, and key production staff members Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 8

9 Typical Tasks of Directors of Stage, Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio Direct live broadcasts, films and recordings, or non-broadcast programming for public entertainment or education Supervise and coordinate the work of camera, lighting, design, and sound crewmembers Study and research scripts to determine how they should be directed Cut and edit film or tape to integrate component parts into desired sequences Collaborate with film and sound editors during the post-production process as films are edited and soundtracks are added Typical Tasks of Program Directors Plan and schedule programming and event coverage, based on broadcast length, time availability, and other factors, such as community needs, ratings data, and viewer demographics Monitor and review programming to ensure that schedules are met, guidelines are adhered to, and performances are of adequate quality Direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in broadcast news, sports, or programming Check completed program logs for accuracy and conformance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations and resolve program log inaccuracies Establish work schedules and assign work to staff members Typical Tasks of Talent Directors Review performer information such as photos, resumes, voice tapes, videos, and union membership, in order to decide whom to audition for parts Read scripts and confer with producers in order to determine the types and numbers of performers required for a given production Select performers for roles or submit lists of suitable performers to producers or directors for final selection Audition and interview performers in order to match their attributes to specific roles or to increase the pool of available acting talent Maintain talent files that include information such as performers specialties, past performances, and availability Typical Tasks of Technical Directors/Managers Direct technical aspects of newscasts and other productions, checking and switching between video sources, and taking responsibility for the on-air product, including camera shots and graphics Test equipment to ensure proper operation Monitor broadcasts to ensure that programs conform to station or network policies and regulations Observe pictures through monitors, and direct camera and video staff concerning shading and composition Act as liaisons between engineering and production departments Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 9

10 Regional Job Outlook Projected Regional Job Outlook The table below displays 2012 employment estimates and 2022 projections for careers that are associated with Radio and Television and Film Production programs. The largest number of openings is expected for Producers and Directors and Radio and Television Announcers in the Inland Empire. Total Estimated 2012 Jobs Total Projected 2022 Jobs Projected Growth (%) Ave. Annual New Job Openings Ave. Annual Replacement Job Openings Ave. Annual Total Job Openings Broadcast News Analysts State of California Inland Empire Los Angeles CO (-10.5%) Orange CO Film and Video Editors State of California 10,100 10, (7.9%) Inland Empire Los Angeles CO 8,500 8, (5.7%) Orange CO (21.7%) Producers and Directors State of California 29,100 32,000 2,900 (10.0%) ,270 Inland Empire (29.0%) Los Angeles CO 22,950 24,800 1,850 (8.1%) Orange CO (16.9%) Radio and Television Announcers State of California 3,600 3, (2.8%) Inland Empire (23.3%) Los Angeles CO 1,570 1, (-0.6%) Orange CO Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture State of California 3,700 4, (10.8%) Inland Empire Los Angeles CO 2,810 3, (11.0%) Orange CO Note: - - indicates that these data were not available. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 10

11 Projected Regional Job Growth The graph below shows the projected growth from 2012 to 2022 of Radio and Television and Film Production related jobs. Of note is the decline in positions for Broadcast News Analysts in Los Angeles County, as well as the growth for Film and Video Editors in Orange County and for Producers and Directors and Radio and Television Announcers in the Inland Empire. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 11

12 Note: N/A indicates that these data were not available. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 12

13 Regional Hourly Wages This table displays the 2015 hourly wage statistics of occupations associated with Radio and Television and Film Production programs. Mean and median wages are highest in Los Angeles County for all occupations for which this information is available. Producers and Directors generally earn more than individuals in the other occupations that are associated with Radio and Television and Film Production programs. Mean Hourly Rate 25 th Percentile Median Hourly Rate 75 th Percentile Broadcast News Analysts State of California $39.05 $19.14 $29.20 $48.70 Inland Empire Los Angeles CO $45.54 $22.31 $35.64 $55.66 Orange CO Film and Video Editors State of California $49.21 $23.57 $38.63 $60.28 Inland Empire $30.51 $23.87 $27.02 $33.12 Los Angeles CO $51.37 $24.53 $41.72 $63.95 Orange CO Producers and Directors State of California $61.56 $30.72 $45.52 N/A Inland Empire $33.55 $19.14 $34.64 $42.24 Los Angeles CO $65.86 $31.98 $49.47 N/A Orange CO Radio and Television Announcers State of California $30.58 $11.85 $16.92 $31.94 Inland Empire $14.07 $9.42 $12.11 $15.59 Los Angeles CO $32.64 $12.82 $18.07 $38.61 Orange CO Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture State of California $30.58 $11.85 $16.92 $31.94 Inland Empire $14.07 $9.42 $12.11 $15.59 Los Angeles CO $32.64 $12.82 $18.07 $38.61 Orange CO Note: - - indicates that these data were not available. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 13

14 Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers Largest Industry Employers of Radio and Television and Film Production-Related Occupations The graphs below display the 2012 staffing patterns of the largest industries employing Broadcast News Analysts, Film and Video Editors, Producers and Directors, Radio and Television Announcers, and Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture, across the state of California. The industries employing the majority of these occupations are Radio and Television Broadcasting and Motion Picture and Video Industries. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 14

15 Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 15

16 Change Over Time of the Largest Industry Employers of Radio and Television and Film Production-Related Occupations The graphs below display projections of staffing changes from of the largest industries employing Radio and Television and Film Production-related occupations in the state of California. The number of Broadcast News Analysts is expected to decline by almost 20% over this time period. Positions for Film and Video Editors and Producers and Directors are expected to increase in several industries, while Radio and Television Announcer positions are expected to decline and mixed growth and decline is expected for Camera Operators. Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 16

17 Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 17

18 Regional Graduation Summary Education and Training 1 Education and training requirements differ for each of the occupations associated with Radio and Television and Film Production programs. Most employers of Broadcast News Analysts, for instance, prefer to hire individuals with a bachelor s degree in journalism or mass communications, but some will hire graduates with other majors. They look for experience at school newspapers or broadcasting stations, and internships with news organizations. Most employers of Film and Video Editors and Film Camera Operators require a bachelor s degree from a film school, college, university, or photographic institute. They look for a good eye, imagination, and creativity, as well as good technical understanding of how the camera operates. The most important qualities employers look for when hiring Producers and Directors are creative instincts, innate talent, and the intellectual capacity to perform the work. Producers, but especially directors, need experience in the field and most acquire this experience either as actors or in other related jobs. Competition for Radio and Television Announcer jobs is high, and postsecondary education or long-term on-the-job training is common. Formal training in broadcasting from college or a technical school is valuable but not always required. Trainees usually must have several years of experience in the industry before they work on air. Regional Completers in Radio and Television and Film Production Programs The table below displays the number of program completers in the academic year at regional institutions offering Radio and Television and Cinematography and Film/Video Production programs. Besides Chaffey College, there are 19 institutions offering Radio and Television degrees or certificates below the baccalaureate level across the four county region. There are 10 institutions offering Cinematography and Film/Video Production degrees or certificates below the baccalaureate level across the four county region. Institution Name 1 to < 2 year < 1 year Certificate Certificate Radio and Television Award Level Associate s Degree 2 to < 4 year Certificate Chaffey College Cerritos College College of the Canyons El Camino College Compton Center El Camino Community College District Fullerton College Glendale Community College Long Beach City College Los Angeles City College Los Angeles Valley College Mt. San Antonio College Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 18

19 Pasadena City College Rio Hondo College Riverside City College Saddleback College San Bernardino Valley College Santa Ana College Santa Monica College Santiago Canyon College The Academy of Radio and TV Broadcasting Total Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Los Angeles Cinematography and Film/Video Production Los Angeles City College Los Angeles Film School Los Angeles Valley College Mt. San Jacinto Community College District Orange Coast College Saddleback College The Art Institute of California Argosy University Los Angeles Video Symphony West Los Angeles College Total Note: -- indicates that this type of degree is not offered. 0 indicates that this degree/certificate level is offered but no degrees or certificates were granted. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, on the Internet at: (visited August 24, 2015) Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 19

20 Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators The Perkins IV Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 mandates that all state and local postsecondary institutions provide data on six core performance indicators for their career and technical education programs. These indicators are: 1) Technical Skill Attainment; 2) Completions; 3) Persistence and Transfer; 4) Employment; 5) Nontraditional Participation; and 6) Nontraditional Completion. Performance goals are set at the state and local levels and progress is monitored based on a comparison between the actual percentage of students who master each performance area and the negotiated levels of performance Chaffey College Performance on Core Indicators The table below displays negotiated and actual core performance indicator levels for all Chaffey College students classified under the Radio and Television, Television (including combined TV/film/video), and Film Production TOP codes. Data specific to the Radio TOP code were not available for the time period examined, given the newness of programs with the attached TOP code to Chaffey College. Core Performance Indicators Negotiated Level State District Chaffey College Performance Percent Above or Below District Negotiated Level Radio and Television Core 1 Technical Skill Attainment 89.50% 89.50% % N/A Core 2 Completions- Credential, Certificate, Degree, or Transfer Ready 81.50% 75.61% % N/A Core 3 Persistence and Transfer 86.50% 83.24% 75.00% N/A Core 4 Employment 80.85% 77.65% DR N/A Core 5a Non-traditional Participation 22.60% 20.29% 50.00% N/A Core 5b Non-traditional Completions 26.50% 22.49% 50.00% N/A Television (including combined TV/film/video) Core 1 Technical Skill Attainment 89.50% 89.50% 95.74% 6.2% Core 2 Completions- Credential, Certificate, Degree, or Transfer Ready 81.50% 75.61% 80.95% 5.3% Core 3 Persistence and Transfer 86.50% 83.24% 87.23% 4.0% Core 4 Employment 80.85% 77.65% 75.00% -2.7% Core 5a Non-traditional Participation 22.60% 20.29% 31.91% 11.6% Core 5b Non-traditional Completions 26.50% 22.49% 40.00% 17.5% Film Production Core 1 Technical Skill Attainment 89.50% 89.50% % N/A Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 20

21 Core 2 Completions- Credential, Certificate, Degree, or Transfer Ready 81.50% 75.61% N/R N/R Core 3 Persistence and Transfer 86.50% 83.24% 100.0% N/A Core 4 Employment 80.85% 77.65% N/R N/R Core 5a Non-traditional Participation 22.60% 20.29% 0.00% N/A Core 5b Non-traditional Completions 26.50% 22.49% N/R N/R Note: N/A (Not Applicable) indicates denominators less than 10. The DR notation indicates privacy requirements - EDD requires that counts less than six not be displayed. N/R (Not Reported) indicates categories where no participants were recorded. Source: CA Community Colleges Reporting Services, College Core Indicator Information by 6-Digit TOP ( Fiscal Year Planning). Broadcasting and Cinema Needs Assessment Page 21