Module 3: Video Sampling Lecture 16: Sampling of video in two dimensions: Progressive vs Interlaced scans. The Lecture Contains:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Module 3: Video Sampling Lecture 16: Sampling of video in two dimensions: Progressive vs Interlaced scans. The Lecture Contains:"

Transcription

1 The Lecture Contains: Sampling of Video Signals Choice of sampling rates Sampling a Video in Two Dimensions: Progressive vs. Interlaced Scans file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_1.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:13 PM]

2 Sampling of Video Signals Introduction We consider specifically the sampling of 3-D video signals. The two spatial dimensions and the temporal dimension are asymmetric. This implies that they have different characteristics and that the visual sensitivities to spatial and temporal frequencies are different. This asymmetry has led to the development of many interesting techniques for video sampling. As video signals vary continuously in space and time, no cameras of recent times can capture the entire signal continuously in all 3-dimensions. For example, 1. Most motion picture cameras sample a scene in temporal direction and store the sequence of analog frames on film. 2. Most TV cameras capture a video sequence by sampling it in temporal and vertical directions respectively. The resulting signal is stored as a 1-D raster scan, which is a joined segments of color variations along successive horizontal scan lines. To obtain a full digital video, one can 1. Sample in 2-D the analog frames resulting from motion picture camera; or 2. Sample in 1-D along the raster scan resulting from TV camera; or 3. Acquire digital video frames directly from a digital camera by sampling a scene in 3-D; The different sampling schemes correspond to different sampling lattices. For designing video sampling system, two important requirements are: 1. Choice of necessary sampling rates for video 2. Choice of a suitable efficient sampling lattice under a given total data or sampling rate. file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_2.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:14 PM]

3 Choice of sampling rates For designing a video sampling system in either 1-D, 2-D or 3-D, the fundamental question is what the spatial and temporal sampling resolutions should be. This is governed by several factors: 1. The frequency content of the underlying signal, 2. The visual thresholds in terms of the spatial and temporal cut off frequencies; 3. The capture and device characteristics; 4. The affordable processing, storage and transmission cost. If one uses a cubic lattice for sampling, then based on sampling theorem, the sampling rate in each dimension should be at least twice the highest frequency along that direction. Given that the maximum frequency in the signal can vary significantly, the visual cut-off frequencies which are the highest spatial & temporal frequencies that can be observed by the human visual system (HVS), should be the deciding factor in determining the sampling rates for video. There is no need to accommodate frequency components beyond these values. Now we also know that visual sensitivity depends on the mean brightness of the display. For TV signals, which are very bright, the visual thresholds lead to a frame rate, and a spatial frequency of 30cpd. For a normal viewing distance of 3 times the screen height, a spatial frequency of 25 cpd translates to 500 lines/frame. To sample each line, the horizontal sampling interval should match the vertical interval, so that the resulting pixels are square Hence for a display of 500 lines and, number of pixels/line is. file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_3.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:14 PM]

4 These sampling rates, required by visual cut-off frequencies were beyond what practical technologies could offer at the time when analog TV systems were developed. To reduce the data rate and consequently the cost for video capture, transmission & display, interlaced scan was developed. This process trades off vertical resolution for increased temporal resolution for a given total data rate. As an example, in NTSC TV system, 60 fields are captured per sec, but each field contains only half the desired number of lines. The total data rate is the same as that with a progressive scan with 30fps & 480lpf. By interlacing the lines scanned in each field, it can produce the same quality as a progressive scan using 60fps and 480 lpf, if the underlying scene is stationary. For high motion scene with vertical line patterns, it can lead to the infamous interlacing artefact. The interlaced format is retained mainly for compatibility with analog TV system. The HDTV system enhances the visual impact with an IAR of 16:9 and sampling resolution of 60fps & 720lpf. Again for compatibility purpose, an interlaced format with 60 fields/s & 540 lines/field can also be used. For motion pictures, because of reduced visual sensitivity in a movie theatre, where ambient brightness is low, a frame rate of 24fps (progressive) is used. Actually the originals image captured at 24fps, when played back, a blade that rotates 3 times per frame is placed before the projection lens, so that effective frame rate is 72fps. This suppresses flicker artifacts that might be experienced. For computer display, e.g. SVGA display has a frame rate of 72fps & spatial resolution of pixels. This is to accommodate the very close viewing distance & high frequency content of displayed material (text & graphics). file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_4.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:14 PM]

5 Sampling a Video in Two Dimensions: Progressive vs. Interlaced Scans A video raster scan (progressive and interlaced scans) is actually a version of a 3-D video signal sampled in the temporal and vertical directions. In this section we attempt to gain some insight into the artifacts associated with these two sampling schemes, by analysing their aliasing patterns in the spectral domain. Ignoring the horizontal direction, we consider the video signal as a 2-D signal in the space spanned by the temporal and vertical directions. Let represent the field interval, and the line interval. The sampling lattices imployed by progressive and interlaced scans are shown in Fig.( ) and ( ). The basis vectors for generating each lattice are also shown. Using these basis vectors, we derive the generating matrices for the original and reciprocal lattices. Progressive Scan: Interlaced Scan: file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_5.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:14 PM]

6 (Figure 4) Comparison of progressive and interlaced scans (a) sampling lattice for PS (b) sampling lattice for IS (c) reciprocal lattice for PS (d) reciprocal lattice for IS. file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_6.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:14 PM]

7 Referring to Fig (4), we compare the original and reciprocal lattices of the two scans and observe the following characteristics: a. The sampling densities are the same for the two scans b. Along the vertical axis, the nearest alias occurs at for both the scans. This implies that in the absence of motion, the two sampling lattices have the same vertical resolving power. This is because although there are only half the number of lines in each field, when the image is stationary, the lines sampled at two different fields appear as if they are sampled at the same time. When there is motion in the scene, the vertical resolution of interlaced scan is less than that of progressive scan. c. The two scans have different nearest aliases along the temporal frequency axis. In PS the first alias is at and for IS it is at. As a temporal frequency component larger than half the nearest temporal alias is likely to cause flicker rtifact, we observe that IS is less prone to flickering when the object has a flat or slowly varying pattern. d. The two scans have different nearest off-axis aliases. They are also referred to as mixed aliases. A frequency component close to mixed alias gives rise to interline flicker or line crawl for the progressive scan, the mixed alias occurs at, whereas for the interlaced scan, the mixed alias is at. As the mixed alias in case of interlaced scan is closest to origin, the interline flicker is more visible in interlaced scan. These are referred to as notorious interlacing artifacts. e. For a signal with symmetric support, interlaced scan is more efficient. The maximum radius of the signal spectrum that can be represented without aliasing is equal to with progressive scan and this is increased to for interlaced scan. Of course, it is important to note that this result is based on our way of equating the spatial and temporal frequencies. The above comparisons between the two scanning schemes are based on the assumption that total sampling rate is the same in both cases. The interlaced scan has advantages over the progressive scan. The quality can be improved further by deinterlacing the interlaced scan. This yields a progressive scan that has twice the total sampling rate. file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture16/16_7.htm[12/31/2015 1:03:15 PM]

Module 1: Digital Video Signal Processing Lecture 3: Characterisation of Video raster, Parameters of Analog TV systems, Signal bandwidth

Module 1: Digital Video Signal Processing Lecture 3: Characterisation of Video raster, Parameters of Analog TV systems, Signal bandwidth The Lecture Contains: Analog Video Raster Interlaced Scan Characterization of a video Raster Analog Color TV systems Signal Bandwidth Digital Video Parameters of a digital video Pixel Aspect Ratio file:///d

More information

Module 3: Video Sampling Lecture 17: Sampling of raster scan pattern: BT.601 format, Color video signal sampling formats

Module 3: Video Sampling Lecture 17: Sampling of raster scan pattern: BT.601 format, Color video signal sampling formats The Lecture Contains: Sampling a Raster scan: BT 601 Format Revisited: Filtering Operation in Camera and display devices: Effect of Camera Apertures: file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture17/17_1.htm[12/31/2015

More information

Chapter 3 Fundamental Concepts in Video. 3.1 Types of Video Signals 3.2 Analog Video 3.3 Digital Video

Chapter 3 Fundamental Concepts in Video. 3.1 Types of Video Signals 3.2 Analog Video 3.3 Digital Video Chapter 3 Fundamental Concepts in Video 3.1 Types of Video Signals 3.2 Analog Video 3.3 Digital Video 1 3.1 TYPES OF VIDEO SIGNALS 2 Types of Video Signals Video standards for managing analog output: A.

More information

Module 1: Digital Video Signal Processing Lecture 5: Color coordinates and chromonance subsampling. The Lecture Contains:

Module 1: Digital Video Signal Processing Lecture 5: Color coordinates and chromonance subsampling. The Lecture Contains: The Lecture Contains: ITU-R BT.601 Digital Video Standard Chrominance (Chroma) Subsampling Video Quality Measures file:///d /...rse%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture5/5_1.htm[12/30/2015

More information

Analog TV Systems: Monochrome TV. Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201

Analog TV Systems: Monochrome TV. Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 Analog TV Systems: Monochrome TV Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 yao@vision.poly.edu Outline Overview of TV systems development Video representation by raster scan: Human vision system

More information

Sampling Issues in Image and Video

Sampling Issues in Image and Video Sampling Issues in Image and Video Spring 06 Instructor: K. J. Ray Liu ECE Department, Univ. of Maryland, College Park Overview and Logistics Last Time: Motion analysis Geometric relations and manipulations

More information

To discuss. Types of video signals Analog Video Digital Video. Multimedia Computing (CSIT 410) 2

To discuss. Types of video signals Analog Video Digital Video. Multimedia Computing (CSIT 410) 2 Video Lecture-5 To discuss Types of video signals Analog Video Digital Video (CSIT 410) 2 Types of Video Signals Video Signals can be classified as 1. Composite Video 2. S-Video 3. Component Video (CSIT

More information

Television History. Date / Place E. Nemer - 1

Television History. Date / Place E. Nemer - 1 Television History Television to see from a distance Earlier Selenium photosensitive cells were used for converting light from pictures into electrical signals Real breakthrough invention of CRT AT&T Bell

More information

Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation

Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation 2013 Spring Term 1 Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation Wen-Hsiao Peng ( 彭文孝 ) Multimedia Architecture and Processing Lab (MAPL) Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University 1

More information

Processing. Electrical Engineering, Department. IIT Kanpur. NPTEL Online - IIT Kanpur

Processing. Electrical Engineering, Department. IIT Kanpur. NPTEL Online - IIT Kanpur NPTEL Online - IIT Kanpur Course Name Department Instructor : Digital Video Signal Processing Electrical Engineering, : IIT Kanpur : Prof. Sumana Gupta file:///d /...e%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture1/main.htm[12/31/2015

More information

Film Sequence Detection and Removal in DTV Format and Standards Conversion

Film Sequence Detection and Removal in DTV Format and Standards Conversion TeraNex Technical Presentation Film Sequence Detection and Removal in DTV Format and Standards Conversion 142nd SMPTE Technical Conference & Exhibition October 20, 2000 Scott Ackerman DTV Product Manager

More information

1. Broadcast television

1. Broadcast television VIDEO REPRESNTATION 1. Broadcast television A color picture/image is produced from three primary colors red, green and blue (RGB). The screen of the picture tube is coated with a set of three different

More information

hdtv (high Definition television) and video surveillance

hdtv (high Definition television) and video surveillance hdtv (high Definition television) and video surveillance introduction The TV market is moving rapidly towards high-definition television, HDTV. This change brings truly remarkable improvements in image

More information

The Lecture Contains: Frequency Response of the Human Visual System: Temporal Vision: Consequences of persistence of vision: Objectives_template

The Lecture Contains: Frequency Response of the Human Visual System: Temporal Vision: Consequences of persistence of vision: Objectives_template The Lecture Contains: Frequency Response of the Human Visual System: Temporal Vision: Consequences of persistence of vision: file:///d /...se%20(ganesh%20rana)/my%20course_ganesh%20rana/prof.%20sumana%20gupta/final%20dvsp/lecture8/8_1.htm[12/31/2015

More information

An Overview of Video Coding Algorithms

An Overview of Video Coding Algorithms An Overview of Video Coding Algorithms Prof. Ja-Ling Wu Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Video coding can be viewed as image compression with a temporal

More information

Module 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur

Module 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur Module 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS Lesson 24 MPEG-2 Standards Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. State the basic objectives of MPEG-2 standard. 2. Enlist the profiles

More information

Multimedia Systems Video I (Basics of Analog and Digital Video) Mahdi Amiri April 2011 Sharif University of Technology

Multimedia Systems Video I (Basics of Analog and Digital Video) Mahdi Amiri April 2011 Sharif University of Technology Course Presentation Multimedia Systems Video I (Basics of Analog and Digital Video) Mahdi Amiri April 2011 Sharif University of Technology Video Visual Effect of Motion The visual effect of motion is due

More information

Lecture 23: Digital Video. The Digital World of Multimedia Guest lecture: Jayson Bowen

Lecture 23: Digital Video. The Digital World of Multimedia Guest lecture: Jayson Bowen Lecture 23: Digital Video The Digital World of Multimedia Guest lecture: Jayson Bowen Plan for Today Digital video Video compression HD, HDTV & Streaming Video Audio + Images Video Audio: time sampling

More information

Spatio-temporal inaccuracies of video-based ultrasound images of the tongue

Spatio-temporal inaccuracies of video-based ultrasound images of the tongue Spatio-temporal inaccuracies of video-based ultrasound images of the tongue Alan A. Wrench 1*, James M. Scobbie * 1 Articulate Instruments Ltd - Queen Margaret Campus, 36 Clerwood Terrace, Edinburgh EH12

More information

4. Video and Animation. Contents. 4.3 Computer-based Animation. 4.1 Basic Concepts. 4.2 Television. Enhanced Definition Systems

4. Video and Animation. Contents. 4.3 Computer-based Animation. 4.1 Basic Concepts. 4.2 Television. Enhanced Definition Systems Contents 4.1 Basic Concepts Video Signal Representation Computer Video Format 4.2 Television Conventional Systems Enhanced Definition Systems High Definition Systems Transmission 4.3 Computer-based Animation

More information

2.4.1 Graphics. Graphics Principles: Example Screen Format IMAGE REPRESNTATION

2.4.1 Graphics. Graphics Principles: Example Screen Format IMAGE REPRESNTATION 2.4.1 Graphics software programs available for the creation of computer graphics. (word art, Objects, shapes, colors, 2D, 3d) IMAGE REPRESNTATION A computer s display screen can be considered as being

More information

ZONE PLATE SIGNALS 525 Lines Standard M/NTSC

ZONE PLATE SIGNALS 525 Lines Standard M/NTSC Application Note ZONE PLATE SIGNALS 525 Lines Standard M/NTSC Products: CCVS+COMPONENT GENERATOR CCVS GENERATOR SAF SFF 7BM23_0E ZONE PLATE SIGNALS 525 lines M/NTSC Back in the early days of television

More information

Supplementary Course Notes: Continuous vs. Discrete (Analog vs. Digital) Representation of Information

Supplementary Course Notes: Continuous vs. Discrete (Analog vs. Digital) Representation of Information Supplementary Course Notes: Continuous vs. Discrete (Analog vs. Digital) Representation of Information Introduction to Engineering in Medicine and Biology ECEN 1001 Richard Mihran In the first supplementary

More information

Module 4: Video Sampling Rate Conversion Lecture 25: Scan rate doubling, Standards conversion. The Lecture Contains: Algorithm 1: Algorithm 2:

Module 4: Video Sampling Rate Conversion Lecture 25: Scan rate doubling, Standards conversion. The Lecture Contains: Algorithm 1: Algorithm 2: The Lecture Contains: Algorithm 1: Algorithm 2: STANDARDS CONVERSION file:///d /...0(Ganesh%20Rana)/MY%20COURSE_Ganesh%20Rana/Prof.%20Sumana%20Gupta/FINAL%20DVSP/lecture%2025/25_1.htm[12/31/2015 1:17:06

More information

Research and Development Report

Research and Development Report BBC RD 1996/9 Research and Development Report A COMPARISON OF MOTION-COMPENSATED INTERLACE-TO-PROGRESSIVE CONVERSION METHODS G.A. Thomas, M.A., Ph.D., C.Eng., M.I.E.E. Research and Development Department

More information

Motion Video Compression

Motion Video Compression 7 Motion Video Compression 7.1 Motion video Motion video contains massive amounts of redundant information. This is because each image has redundant information and also because there are very few changes

More information

Using enhancement data to deinterlace 1080i HDTV

Using enhancement data to deinterlace 1080i HDTV Using enhancement data to deinterlace 1080i HDTV The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation As Published Publisher Andy

More information

Rec. ITU-R BT RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE HDTV STANDARDS FOR PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME EXCHANGE

Rec. ITU-R BT RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE HDTV STANDARDS FOR PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME EXCHANGE Rec. ITU-R BT.79-4 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.79-4 PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE HDTV STANDARDS FOR PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME EXCHANGE (Question ITU-R 27/11) (199-1994-1995-1998-2) Rec. ITU-R BT.79-4

More information

DVG-5000 Motion Pattern Option

DVG-5000 Motion Pattern Option AccuPel DVG-5000 Documentation Motion Pattern Option Manual DVG-5000 Motion Pattern Option Motion Pattern Option for the AccuPel DVG-5000 Digital Video Calibration Generator USER MANUAL Version 1.00 2

More information

Pivoting Object Tracking System

Pivoting Object Tracking System Pivoting Object Tracking System [CSEE 4840 Project Design - March 2009] Damian Ancukiewicz Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Department da2260@columbia.edu Jinglin Shen Electrical Engineering Department

More information

Multimedia Systems. Part 13. Mahdi Vasighi

Multimedia Systems. Part 13. Mahdi Vasighi Multimedia Systems Part 13 Mahdi Vasighi www.iasbs.ac.ir/~vasighi Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran o Analog TV uses

More information

Chrominance Subsampling in Digital Images

Chrominance Subsampling in Digital Images Chrominance Subsampling in Digital Images Douglas A. Kerr Issue 2 December 3, 2009 ABSTRACT The JPEG and TIFF digital still image formats, along with various digital video formats, have provision for recording

More information

Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation

Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation Wen-Hsiao Peng, Ph.D. Multimedia Architecture and Processing Laboratory (MAPL) Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University March 2013 Wen-Hsiao Peng, Ph.D. (NCTU CS) MAPL March 2013

More information

White Paper : Achieving synthetic slow-motion in UHDTV. InSync Technology Ltd, UK

White Paper : Achieving synthetic slow-motion in UHDTV. InSync Technology Ltd, UK White Paper : Achieving synthetic slow-motion in UHDTV InSync Technology Ltd, UK ABSTRACT High speed cameras used for slow motion playback are ubiquitous in sports productions, but their high cost, and

More information

ANTENNAS, WAVE PROPAGATION &TV ENGG. Lecture : TV working

ANTENNAS, WAVE PROPAGATION &TV ENGG. Lecture : TV working ANTENNAS, WAVE PROPAGATION &TV ENGG Lecture : TV working Topics to be covered Television working How Television Works? A Simplified Viewpoint?? From Studio to Viewer Television content is developed in

More information

Types of CRT Display Devices. DVST-Direct View Storage Tube

Types of CRT Display Devices. DVST-Direct View Storage Tube Examples of Computer Graphics Devices: CRT, EGA(Enhanced Graphic Adapter)/CGA/VGA/SVGA monitors, plotters, data matrix, laser printers, Films, flat panel devices, Video Digitizers, scanners, LCD Panels,

More information

CM3106 Solutions. Do not turn this page over until instructed to do so by the Senior Invigilator.

CM3106 Solutions. Do not turn this page over until instructed to do so by the Senior Invigilator. CARDIFF UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION PAPER Academic Year: 2013/2014 Examination Period: Examination Paper Number: Examination Paper Title: Duration: Autumn CM3106 Solutions Multimedia 2 hours Do not turn this

More information

Research & Development. White Paper WHP 230

Research & Development. White Paper WHP 230 Research & Development White Paper WHP 230 August 2012 Measurement of Human Sensitivity across the ertical-emporal ideo Spectrum for Interlacing Filter Specification K.C. Noland BRIISH BROADCASING CORPORAION

More information

(a) (b) Figure 1.1: Screen photographs illustrating the specic form of noise sometimes encountered on television. The left hand image (a) shows the no

(a) (b) Figure 1.1: Screen photographs illustrating the specic form of noise sometimes encountered on television. The left hand image (a) shows the no Chapter1 Introduction THE electromagnetic transmission and recording of image sequences requires a reduction of the multi-dimensional visual reality to the one-dimensional video signal. Scanning techniques

More information

Displays. History. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) Modern graphics systems. CSE 457, Autumn 2003 Graphics. » Whirlwind Computer - MIT, 1950

Displays. History. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) Modern graphics systems. CSE 457, Autumn 2003 Graphics. » Whirlwind Computer - MIT, 1950 History Displays CSE 457, Autumn 2003 Graphics http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/457/03au/» Whirlwind Computer - MIT, 1950 CRT display» SAGE air-defense system - middle 1950 s Whirlwind II

More information

Information Transmission Chapter 3, image and video

Information Transmission Chapter 3, image and video Information Transmission Chapter 3, image and video FREDRIK TUFVESSON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Images An image is a two-dimensional array of light values. Make it 1D by scanning Smallest element

More information

FRAME RATE CONVERSION OF INTERLACED VIDEO

FRAME RATE CONVERSION OF INTERLACED VIDEO FRAME RATE CONVERSION OF INTERLACED VIDEO Zhi Zhou, Yeong Taeg Kim Samsung Information Systems America Digital Media Solution Lab 3345 Michelson Dr., Irvine CA, 92612 Gonzalo R. Arce University of Delaware

More information

Objectives: Topics covered: Basic terminology Important Definitions Display Processor Raster and Vector Graphics Coordinate Systems Graphics Standards

Objectives: Topics covered: Basic terminology Important Definitions Display Processor Raster and Vector Graphics Coordinate Systems Graphics Standards MODULE - 1 e-pg Pathshala Subject: Computer Science Paper: Computer Graphics and Visualization Module: Introduction to Computer Graphics Module No: CS/CGV/1 Quadrant 1 e-text Objectives: To get introduced

More information

Digital Media. Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110

Digital Media. Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110 Digital Media Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110 Daily Question: Video In a video file made up of 480 frames, how long will it be when played back at 24 frames per second? Email answer to DFullerDailyQuestion@gmail.com

More information

How to Chose an Ideal High Definition Endoscopic Camera System

How to Chose an Ideal High Definition Endoscopic Camera System How to Chose an Ideal High Definition Endoscopic Camera System Telescope Laparoscopy (from Greek lapara, "flank or loin", and skopein, "to see, view or examine") is an operation performed within the abdomen

More information

Communication Theory and Engineering

Communication Theory and Engineering Communication Theory and Engineering Master's Degree in Electronic Engineering Sapienza University of Rome A.A. 2018-2019 Practice work 14 Image signals Example 1 Calculate the aspect ratio for an image

More information

InSync White Paper : Achieving optimal conversions in UHDTV workflows April 2015

InSync White Paper : Achieving optimal conversions in UHDTV workflows April 2015 InSync White Paper : Achieving optimal conversions in UHDTV workflows April 2015 Abstract - UHDTV 120Hz workflows require careful management of content at existing formats and frame rates, into and out

More information

Digital Media. Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110

Digital Media. Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110 Digital Media Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110 Daily Question: Video How does interlaced scan display video? Email answer to DFullerDailyQuestion@gmail.com Subject Line: ITEC2110-26 Housekeeping Project 4 is assigned

More information

OPTIMAL TELEVISION SCANNING FORMAT FOR CRT-DISPLAYS

OPTIMAL TELEVISION SCANNING FORMAT FOR CRT-DISPLAYS OPTIMAL TELEVISION SCANNING FORMAT FOR CRT-DISPLAYS Erwin B. Bellers, Ingrid E.J. Heynderickxy, Gerard de Haany, and Inge de Weerdy Philips Research Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, USA yphilips Research

More information

Express Letters. A Novel Four-Step Search Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation

Express Letters. A Novel Four-Step Search Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 6, NO. 3, JUNE 1996 313 Express Letters A Novel Four-Step Search Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation Lai-Man Po and Wing-Chung

More information

MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES LECTURE 08 VIDEO IMRAN IHSAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR VIDEO Video streams are made up of a series of still images (frames) played one after another at high speed This fools the eye into

More information

Understanding Multimedia - Basics

Understanding Multimedia - Basics Understanding Multimedia - Basics Joemon Jose Web page: http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~jj/teaching/demms4 Wednesday, 9 th January 2008 Design and Evaluation of Multimedia Systems Lectures video as a medium

More information

Chapter 10 Basic Video Compression Techniques

Chapter 10 Basic Video Compression Techniques Chapter 10 Basic Video Compression Techniques 10.1 Introduction to Video compression 10.2 Video Compression with Motion Compensation 10.3 Video compression standard H.261 10.4 Video compression standard

More information

RICHLAND COLLEGE School of Engineering Business & Technology Rev. 0 W. Slonecker Rev. 1 (8/26/2012) J. Bradbury

RICHLAND COLLEGE School of Engineering Business & Technology Rev. 0 W. Slonecker Rev. 1 (8/26/2012) J. Bradbury RICHLAND COLLEGE School of Engineering Business & Technology Rev. 0 W. Slonecker Rev. 1 (8/26/2012) J. Bradbury INTC 1307 Instrumentation Test Equipment Teaching Unit 8 Oscilloscopes Unit 8: Oscilloscopes

More information

Video compression principles. Color Space Conversion. Sub-sampling of Chrominance Information. Video: moving pictures and the terms frame and

Video compression principles. Color Space Conversion. Sub-sampling of Chrominance Information. Video: moving pictures and the terms frame and Video compression principles Video: moving pictures and the terms frame and picture. one approach to compressing a video source is to apply the JPEG algorithm to each frame independently. This approach

More information

5.1 Types of Video Signals. Chapter 5 Fundamental Concepts in Video. Component video

5.1 Types of Video Signals. Chapter 5 Fundamental Concepts in Video. Component video Chapter 5 Fundamental Concepts in Video 5.1 Types of Video Signals 5.2 Analog Video 5.3 Digital Video 5.4 Further Exploration 1 Li & Drew c Prentice Hall 2003 5.1 Types of Video Signals Component video

More information

OVE EDFORS ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

OVE EDFORS ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Information Transmission Chapter 3, image and video OVE EDFORS ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Learning outcomes Understanding raster image formats and what determines quality, video formats and

More information

Traditionally video signals have been transmitted along cables in the form of lower energy electrical impulses. As new technologies emerge we are

Traditionally video signals have been transmitted along cables in the form of lower energy electrical impulses. As new technologies emerge we are 2 Traditionally video signals have been transmitted along cables in the form of lower energy electrical impulses. As new technologies emerge we are seeing the development of new connection methods within

More information

Ch. 1: Audio/Image/Video Fundamentals Multimedia Systems. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University

Ch. 1: Audio/Image/Video Fundamentals Multimedia Systems. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Ch. 1: Audio/Image/Video Fundamentals Multimedia Systems Prof. Ben Lee School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Outline Computer Representation of Audio Quantization

More information

ELEC 691X/498X Broadcast Signal Transmission Fall 2015

ELEC 691X/498X Broadcast Signal Transmission Fall 2015 ELEC 691X/498X Broadcast Signal Transmission Fall 2015 Instructor: Dr. Reza Soleymani, Office: EV 5.125, Telephone: 848 2424 ext.: 4103. Office Hours: Wednesday, Thursday, 14:00 15:00 Time: Tuesday, 2:45

More information

Impact of scan conversion methods on the performance of scalable. video coding. E. Dubois, N. Baaziz and M. Matta. INRS-Telecommunications

Impact of scan conversion methods on the performance of scalable. video coding. E. Dubois, N. Baaziz and M. Matta. INRS-Telecommunications Impact of scan conversion methods on the performance of scalable video coding E. Dubois, N. Baaziz and M. Matta INRS-Telecommunications 16 Place du Commerce, Verdun, Quebec, Canada H3E 1H6 ABSTRACT The

More information

United States Patent: 4,789,893. ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 4,789,893 Weston December 6, Interpolating lines of video signals

United States Patent: 4,789,893. ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 4,789,893 Weston December 6, Interpolating lines of video signals United States Patent: 4,789,893 ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 4,789,893 Weston December 6, 1988 Interpolating lines of video signals Abstract Missing lines of a video signal are interpolated from the

More information

Multimedia. Course Code (Fall 2017) Fundamental Concepts in Video

Multimedia. Course Code (Fall 2017) Fundamental Concepts in Video Course Code 005636 (Fall 2017) Multimedia Fundamental Concepts in Video Prof. S. M. Riazul Islam, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Korea E-mail: riaz@sejong.ac.kr Outline Types of Video

More information

Rounding Considerations SDTV-HDTV YCbCr Transforms 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 YCbCr Conversion

Rounding Considerations SDTV-HDTV YCbCr Transforms 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 YCbCr Conversion Digital it Video Processing 김태용 Contents Rounding Considerations SDTV-HDTV YCbCr Transforms 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 YCbCr Conversion Display Enhancement Video Mixing and Graphics Overlay Luma and Chroma Keying

More information

Beyond the Resolution: How to Achieve 4K Standards

Beyond the Resolution: How to Achieve 4K Standards Beyond the Resolution: How to Achieve 4K Standards The following article is inspired by the training delivered by Adriano D Alessio of the Lightware a leading manufacturer of DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort

More information

Nintendo. January 21, 2004 Good Emulators I will place links to all of these emulators on the webpage. Mac OSX The latest version of RockNES

Nintendo. January 21, 2004 Good Emulators I will place links to all of these emulators on the webpage. Mac OSX The latest version of RockNES 98-026 Nintendo. January 21, 2004 Good Emulators I will place links to all of these emulators on the webpage. Mac OSX The latest version of RockNES (2.5.1) has various problems under OSX 1.03 Pather. You

More information

Technical Aspects of the New World of Multi- Format DTV embodying Progressive, Interlaced, and Segmented Frame Video Format

Technical Aspects of the New World of Multi- Format DTV embodying Progressive, Interlaced, and Segmented Frame Video Format Technical Aspects of the New World of Multi- Format DTV embodying Progressive, Interlaced, and Segmented Video Format Laurence J. Thorpe Broadcast & Professional Company, Sony Electronics Abstract The

More information

BTV Tuesday 21 November 2006

BTV Tuesday 21 November 2006 Test Review Test from last Thursday. Biggest sellers of converters are HD to composite. All of these monitors in the studio are composite.. Identify the only portion of the vertical blanking interval waveform

More information

10 Digital TV Introduction Subsampling

10 Digital TV Introduction Subsampling 10 Digital TV 10.1 Introduction Composite video signals must be sampled at twice the highest frequency of the signal. To standardize this sampling, the ITU CCIR-601 (often known as ITU-R) has been devised.

More information

Video coding standards

Video coding standards Video coding standards Video signals represent sequences of images or frames which can be transmitted with a rate from 5 to 60 frames per second (fps), that provides the illusion of motion in the displayed

More information

Midterm Review. Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201

Midterm Review. Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 Midterm Review Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 yao@vision.poly.edu Yao Wang, 2003 EE4414: Midterm Review 2 Analog Video Representation (Raster) What is a video raster? A video is represented

More information

User Manual. TDS3VID Extended Video Application Module

User Manual. TDS3VID Extended Video Application Module User Manual TDS3VID Extended Video Application Module 071-0328-02 071032802 Copyright Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers,

More information

Since the transition to color TV in the 1950s and 60s, nothing

Since the transition to color TV in the 1950s and 60s, nothing Chapter 1 What the Heck Is HDTV? In This Chapter Understanding the acronyms Going wide Avoiding the pitfalls Since the transition to color TV in the 1950s and 60s, nothing nothing!! has had as much impact

More information

A review of the implementation of HDTV technology over SDTV technology

A review of the implementation of HDTV technology over SDTV technology A review of the implementation of HDTV technology over SDTV technology Chetan lohani Dronacharya College of Engineering Abstract Standard Definition television (SDTV) Standard-Definition Television is

More information

Technical Bulletin 625 Line PAL Spec v Digital Page 1 of 5

Technical Bulletin 625 Line PAL Spec v Digital Page 1 of 5 Technical Bulletin 625 Line PAL Spec v Digital Page 1 of 5 625 Line PAL Spec v Digital By G8MNY (Updated Dec 07) (8 Bit ASCII graphics use code page 437 or 850) With all this who ha on DTV. I thought some

More information

Understanding Digital Television (DTV)

Understanding Digital Television (DTV) Understanding Digital Television (DTV) Tom Ohanian and Michael Phillips, Avid Technology The DTV story will continue to develop and change. Avid currently has the only DNLE Editor where users are able

More information

Part 1: Introduction to Computer Graphics

Part 1: Introduction to Computer Graphics Part 1: Introduction to Computer Graphics 1. Define computer graphics? The branch of science and technology concerned with methods and techniques for converting data to or from visual presentation using

More information

TV Character Generator

TV Character Generator TV Character Generator TV CHARACTER GENERATOR There are many ways to show the results of a microcontroller process in a visual manner, ranging from very simple and cheap, such as lighting an LED, to much

More information

Safe areas for 16:9 television production

Safe areas for 16:9 television production EBU Recommendation R95 Safe areas for television production Source: P/HDTP & P/AGTR Status: Recommendation Geneva September 2008 1 Page intentionally left blank. This document is paginated for recto-verso

More information

Precise Digital Integration of Fast Analogue Signals using a 12-bit Oscilloscope

Precise Digital Integration of Fast Analogue Signals using a 12-bit Oscilloscope EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN BEAMS DEPARTMENT CERN-BE-2014-002 BI Precise Digital Integration of Fast Analogue Signals using a 12-bit Oscilloscope M. Gasior; M. Krupa CERN Geneva/CH

More information

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1201 * Extremely high resolution imagery

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1201 * Extremely high resolution imagery Rec. ITU-R BT.1201 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1201 * Extremely high resolution imagery (Question ITU-R 226/11) (1995) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that extremely high resolution imagery

More information

Digital Television Fundamentals

Digital Television Fundamentals Digital Television Fundamentals Design and Installation of Video and Audio Systems Michael Robin Michel Pouiin McGraw-Hill New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London

More information

Will Widescreen (16:9) Work Over Cable? Ralph W. Brown

Will Widescreen (16:9) Work Over Cable? Ralph W. Brown Will Widescreen (16:9) Work Over Cable? Ralph W. Brown Digital video, in both standard definition and high definition, is rapidly setting the standard for the highest quality television viewing experience.

More information

RX-W32 Surveillance LCD Display

RX-W32 Surveillance LCD Display RX-W32 Surveillance LCD Display Product Introduction Date: July 01, 2012 Version: 7.0 RX-Series Surveillance Performance Bringing a widescreen format to high performance surveillance displays designed

More information

RX-W42 Surveillance LCD Display

RX-W42 Surveillance LCD Display RX-W42 Surveillance LCD Display Product Introduction Date: July 01, 2012 Version: 7.0 RX-Series Surveillance Performance Bringing a widescreen format to high performance surveillance displays designed

More information

ESI VLS-2000 Video Line Scaler

ESI VLS-2000 Video Line Scaler ESI VLS-2000 Video Line Scaler Operating Manual Version 1.2 October 3, 2003 ESI VLS-2000 Video Line Scaler Operating Manual Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...4 2. INSTALLATION AND SETUP...5 2.1.Connections...5

More information

How do you make a picture?

How do you make a picture? Take-Away Messages LBSC 690 Session #11 Multimedia Human senses are gullible Images, video, and audio are all about trickery Compression: storing a lot of information in a little space So that it fits

More information

Video Processing Applications Image and Video Processing Dr. Anil Kokaram

Video Processing Applications Image and Video Processing Dr. Anil Kokaram Video Processing Applications Image and Video Processing Dr. Anil Kokaram anil.kokaram@tcd.ie This section covers applications of video processing as follows Motion Adaptive video processing for noise

More information

Transitioning from NTSC (analog) to HD Digital Video

Transitioning from NTSC (analog) to HD Digital Video To Place an Order or get more info. Call Uniforce Sales and Engineering (510) 657 4000 www.uniforcesales.com Transitioning from NTSC (analog) to HD Digital Video Sheet 1 NTSC Analog Video NTSC video -color

More information

DEFINITION OF VISUAL ACUITY*

DEFINITION OF VISUAL ACUITY* Brit. J. Ophthal. (1953), 37, 661. DEFINITION OF VISUAL ACUITY* BY M. GILBERT London IT is well known that different types of test object will give different measures of acuity in terms of the size of

More information

3. Displays and framebuffers

3. Displays and framebuffers 3. Displays and framebuffers 1 Reading Required Angel, pp.19-31. Hearn & Baker, pp. 36-38, 154-157. Optional Foley et al., sections 1.5, 4.2-4.5 I.E. Sutherland. Sketchpad: a man-machine graphics communication

More information

ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS. Robert Hopkins United States Advanced Television Systems Committee

ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS. Robert Hopkins United States Advanced Television Systems Committee DVNCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS Robert Hopkins United States dvanced Television Systems Committee STRCT This paper was first presented as a tutorial to engineers at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

More information

In MPEG, two-dimensional spatial frequency analysis is performed using the Discrete Cosine Transform

In MPEG, two-dimensional spatial frequency analysis is performed using the Discrete Cosine Transform MPEG Encoding Basics PEG I-frame encoding MPEG long GOP ncoding MPEG basics MPEG I-frame ncoding MPEG long GOP encoding MPEG asics MPEG I-frame encoding MPEG long OP encoding MPEG basics MPEG I-frame MPEG

More information

Mahdi Amiri. April Sharif University of Technology

Mahdi Amiri. April Sharif University of Technology Course Presentation Multimedia Systems Video I (Basics of Analog and Digital Video) Mahdi Amiri April 2014 Sharif University of Technology Video Visual Effect of Motion The visual effect of motion is due

More information

R 95 SAFE AREAS FOR 16:9 TELEVISION PRODUCTION VERSION 1.1 SOURCE: VIDEO SYSTEMS

R 95 SAFE AREAS FOR 16:9 TELEVISION PRODUCTION VERSION 1.1 SOURCE: VIDEO SYSTEMS R 95 SAFE AREAS FOR 16:9 TELEVISION PRODUCTION VERSION 1.1 SOURCE: VIDEO SYSTEMS Geneva June 2017 Page intentionally left blank. This document is paginated for two sided printing EBU R 95 Safe areas for

More information

Reading. 1. Displays and framebuffers. History. Modern graphics systems. Required

Reading. 1. Displays and framebuffers. History. Modern graphics systems. Required Reading Required 1. Displays and s Angel, pp.19-31. Hearn & Baker, pp. 36-38, 154-157. OpenGL Programming Guide (available online): First four sections of chapter 2 First section of chapter 6 Optional

More information

Computer Graphics Hardware

Computer Graphics Hardware Computer Graphics Hardware Kenneth H. Carpenter Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kansas State University January 26, 2001 - February 5, 2004 1 The CRT display The most commonly used type

More information

Deinterlacing An Overview

Deinterlacing An Overview Deinterlacing An Overview GERARD DE HAAN, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE, AND ERWIN B. BELLERS The question to interlace or not to interlace divides the television and the personal computer communities. A proper

More information

2004 UltraVision LCD Projection Televisions

2004 UltraVision LCD Projection Televisions 2004, Hitachi Ltd. UltraVision is a registered trademark of Hitachi Home Electronics (America), Inc. VirtualHD, Digital Window, and Roll and Click are trademarks of Hitachi Home Electronics (America),

More information

CS2401-COMPUTER GRAPHICS QUESTION BANK

CS2401-COMPUTER GRAPHICS QUESTION BANK SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY THIRUPACHUR. CS2401-COMPUTER GRAPHICS QUESTION BANK UNIT-1-2D PRIMITIVES PART-A 1. Define Persistence Persistence is defined as the time it takes

More information