Imaging of Impacted Composite Armours using Data Clustering
|
|
- August Gilmore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 18 th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, April 2012, Durban, South Africa Imaging of Impacted Composite Armours using Data Clustering Sutanu SAMANTA 1 and Debasis DATTA 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India; suta_sama@yahoo.co.in 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur; Howrah, India; debasis_datta@rediffmail.com, ddatta.besus@gmail.com Abstract Use of composite armours is gaining importance in defence applications due to their high strength and stiffness to weight ratio. In the present research immersion type ultrasonic C-scan is performed on ballistically impacted Kevlar epoxy composite armours of different thicknesses and extent of damages of different severity are identified through C-scan imaging. A methodology based on segmentation of ultrasonic data into different clusters is implemented for automated generation of the C-scan image of the scanned domain. The core-damage areas for different impact cases are evaluated from the representative C-scan images and their dependence on the different impact parameters are noted. In general, the areas of core damage zones are found to be sensitive to the loss of energy of the shot. However it increases rapidly in case of shot-lodging. The present methodology implements imaging effectively requiring less intervention of the skilled personnel. Keywords: Ultrasonic C-scan, Data clustering, Composite Armours and Shot Lodging. 1. Introduction Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) has been practised for many decades with initial rapid developments in instrumentation spurred by the technological advances that occurred during the World War II and subsequent defence effort. During the earlier days, the primary purpose was the detection of defects, mostly in the medical sense. Gradually NDT was applied in detection of defects in engineering structure. Of a variety of NDE techniques, ultrasonic methods are versatile and relatively inexpensive for such tasks. Application of composite materials also presents several specific challenges to non destructive testing and evaluation as these materials tend to develop different types of defects during service. Apart from overt defects like delaminations and impact damage, inspections should also reveal defect states such as high void content, fibre bunching, resin richness, matrix cracking, fibre breakage and poor quality fibre/matrix bonding etc. In recent years, with the advent of high speed Analog to Digital (A-D) converter cards, attention has been focused on the automated C-scan technique through interfacing and control by computers. The available literature suggests that only a limited number of research works has been conducted in relation to automated C-scan image generation. T.S.Jones [1] developed a computer controlled ultrasonic scanning and data collection system using a mini-computer which allowed a part to be inspected in a single scan without need for stopping or modifying the sensitivity of the setting. Datta et al. [2] performed ultrasonic C-scan in normal beam pulse echo and through transmission on laminates with impact and inclusion type damages. Frequency domain features were used, individually or in combination, for generation of C-scan images. Hierarchial clustering using Ward s algorithm was implemented for classification of dataset. Bhatt et al. [3] has performed an experimental investigation, where low velocity impact damage has been inducted in CFRP laminates at specific energy levels. This damage and its distribution through the thickness have been studied and the area at different depths has been computed.
2 Ultrasonic imaging has been utilized extensively and innovatively to detect, locate, measure and quantify the impact induced image. Datta et al. [4] performed immersion type C-scans on impacted composite specimens. The impact was created by repeated dropping of weights on the GFRP panels. For automated image generation, grouping of signal amplitude data set was done by UPGMA linkage method, but based on a pre-selected number of clusters. In the present investigation, a methodology for nearly real time evaluation of impact damage in Kevlar epoxy composite is proposed. The experimental set up and different steps of data grouping methodology are discussed in the following sections. 2. Experimental Set-Up In this work, the experimental set-up comprises of (i) Ballistic testing set-up and (ii) C-scan setup Ballistic Testing Set-Up The composite laminates were mounted on specially designed holders where two sides were clamped for rigid holding and placed in the line of fire of a 7.62mm caliber military rifle. The impact energy was varied by adjusting the propellant mass in the ammunition. The impact and the exit (residual) velocities were measured by the foil and counter method. Each frame consisted of two thin aluminium foil separated by a thin insulating paper board and were connected to a timer. Two frames were separated by a distance of 3m and placed as close to the impacted panel and the velocity was calculated from the time taken by the projectile to travel between two frames at a measured distance apart. A similar set up was used behind the laminate panel to record the exit velocity in case of perforations C-scan Set-Up The C-scan setup is developed in-house for automated immersion scanning of composite laminates. It consists of an immersion tank of acrylic glass and a mounting frame furnished with two lead screws in mutually perpendicular directions. Two stepper motors drive the lead screw and a common nut, moving linearly due to their rotation, holds the probe holding device. The transducers fitted in the probe holding device, can move along two mutually perpendicular directions in precise steps and are capable of scanning any predefined two-dimensional region. The transducers are connected to an Ultrasonic board that acts as the pulser, receiver and digitizer of the ultrasonic waveform. The present Ultrasonic board is PCUS11 [5], which can digitize signals with a sampling rate of upto 80MHz. The board seamlessly interacts with manufacturer supplied software [6] that has the capacity to condition, gate and zooming of the digitized signal. The composite laminate is kept immersed in water (coupling agent) and is held strictly parallel to the plane of the movement of the transducer(s). The minimum linear movement possible for the transducer is mm. Necessary settings to the effect may be used as input to the stepper motor controller via a wired remote control. 3. Data Clustering Methodology Clustering is an important technique used in discovering the inherent structure present in any given data set. The task involves grouping or segmenting a set of data (obtained from
3 measurements, observations) into subsets, such that those within each subset are more closely related to one another than objects assigned to other subsets. There are numerous techniques in this category such as Hierarchical, Non-Hierarchical and Fuzzy. The performance of these algorithms is greatly influenced by the choice of number of cluster. This is a sensitive task and may require enough pre-idea regarding nature of distribution of objects in the set. In order to improve these drawbacks an algorithm was proposed by Wong et al. [7]. This method is based on regulating a similarity measure and replacing movable vectors so that the appropriate number of clusters is determined by the calculation of the best performance index. At initial stage a data point is chosen as a reference vector and those vectors that have high similarity with the reference vector has to be found. Then reference vector will be replaced with the average of those vectors with high similarity with the reference vector. In this way one time will reach when all the replaced vectors will tend toward their cluster centres. In the iterative process of the algorithm, the width of the similarity measure function can be changed. The value of this width plays an important role in determining how large or small range of data can be grouped in the same cluster. Each different width value may result in different number of clusters and their centres. In the iterative process, the width (σ) is increased by the increment (dσ), calculated on the basis of similarity measure, and for each (σ) the classification process is evaluated through calculation of a performance index. In this way the optimum numbers of clusters along with the classification results are obtained that correspond to the highest performance index. 4. Results and Discussions C-scan images of several impacted regions from Kevlar epoxy composite laminates of thicknesses 20mm, 15mm and 10mm are presented and discussed. The extents of the core damage zones as obtained from the images are then compared with the respective impact and residual velocities of the projectile. For striking velocities higher than the ballistic limit, the bullets perforate the laminates and come out with a residual velocity. In some cases, however, shot lodging takes place, i.e., the bullet does not perforate the laminate and remains within it. Such phenomena are expected to happen when the striking velocity is close to the ballistic limit or if the bullet gets diverted from its striking direction while perforating the plate Dependence of core damage areas of impacted regions in the 20 mm thick Kevlar epoxy Composite Plate on impact parameters To find the dependence of core damage area on impact parameters, three impacted regions in the Kevlar epoxy composite plate has been chosen for ultrasonic C-scan. Out of the three, two are square regions (zone-1, zone 3) of sizes 72mm x 72mm and 50mm x 50mm. Rest one is rectangular (zone-2) in shape, of size 72mm x 60mm. The scanned zone 2 had to be made rectangular to avoid overlapping with neighboring impact zones. In Figures 1 to 3, the C-scan images of the above regions generated by Wong algorithm are shown. During generation of each of the images, area of the core damage region was estimated. The correlation between the damage areas and the impact velocities is discussed in Table 1 where variations of the core damage areas for zone-1, zone-2 and zone-3 with the striking velocity, residual velocity and energy absorbed are shown. It is observed that in general, the core damage area increases with the increase in absorbed energy.
4 Figure 1. Peak amplitude based C-scan image of scanned zone-1 Figure 2. Peak amplitude based C-scan image of scanned zone-2 Figure 3. Peak amplitude based C-scan image of scanned zone-3 Table 1. C-scan result of Kevlar Epoxy composite plate based on peak amplitude Scanned zone Striking ( ) Residual ( ) Energy absorbed (J) Core Damage Area (mm 2 ) by Wong algorithm (m/s) (m/s) Zone Zone Zone
5 4.2. Dependence of Core Damage Areas of Impacted Regions in the 15 mm Thick Kevlar epoxy Composite Plate on Impact Parameters For assessment of the core damage area and its dependency with other impact parameter, another Kevlar-epoxy composite plate of 15mm thickness is ballistically impacted at four different locations with a varying striking velocity. C-scan images of these impacted zones are shown in Figures 4 through 7. The size of the each of the domains is 72mm in both the directions. Feature used in generating the image is the peak amplitude of digitized waveform. Figure 4. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-1 Figure 5. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-2 Figure 6. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-3
6 Figure 7. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-4 During generation of the each of the images, area of the core damage region was estimated. Details of the impact information in terms of striking velocity, residual velocity, and energy absorbed with the corresponding areas of the core damage regions for all the zones are summarized in the Table 2. Table 2. C-scan result of Kevlar-epoxy composite plate based on peak amplitude Scanned zone Striking (V s ) (m/s) Residual (V r ) (m/s) Energy absorbed (J) Core Damage Area (mm 2 ) by Wong. algorithm Zone Zone Zone Zone The results presented in Table 2, show that the core damage area increases with the increase in loss of energy of the bullet. However the shot lodging case (zone-3) can be taken as a special case where there is an abrupt increase in core damage without corresponding increase in absorbed energy. This can be attributed to the embedding of a bullet of diameter 7.62mm and length 39mm. This is expected to create a damage that covers a large part of the scanned region of 72mm x 72mm Dependence of Core Damage Areas of Impacted Regions in the 10 mm Thick Kevlarepoxy Composite Plate on Impact Parameters The images and the corresponding core damage areas are considered for the 10 mm thick Kevlarepoxy composite plate are presented in this section. The composite plate is ballistically impacted at four regions with different striking velocities. C-scan has been performed in an area 72mm by 72mm in size around the zone of each impact. With this C-scan data, peak amplitude based image is generated for each zone. Figures 8 through 11 show the C-scan images of the impacted zones generated by Wong algorithm. The images clearly bring out the damage region marked with white shade, and these are in consistent with those in the actual specimen. In Table 3, the
7 core damage areas for zone-1, zone-2, zone-3 and zone-4 with the corresponding striking velocity, residual velocity and energy absorbed are shown. It is observed that in general, the core damage area increases with the increase in absorbed energy. Figure 8. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-1 Figure 9. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-2 Figure 10. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-3
8 Figure 11. Peak amplitude based C-scan images of zone-4 Table 3: C-scan result of Kevlar-epoxy composite plate based on peak amplitude Scanned zone Striking (V s ) (m/s) Residual (V r ) (m/s) Energy absorbed (J) Core Damage Area (mm 2 ) by Wong algorithm Core Damage Area (mm 2 ) by UPGMAA algorithm Zone Zone Zone Zone Conclusions Based on the above results and discussions following conclusions are made: Clustering technique is found to be an effective tool for systematic classification of acquired data pertaining to a single ultrasonic feature or feature set and thus paves the way for automated C-scan image generation. From the generated images, it has been observed that the performance of the Wong s algorithm is consistent to detect the target flaw and its spread. This algorithm is implemented and is shown to fully automate the image generation procedure as it generates optimum number of clusters on the basis of a performance index. The automated imaging technique has been employed for assessment of damage due to ballistic impact on several Kevlar-epoxy composite panels. C-scan images generated are able to extract relevant information of the damage state in the impacted Kevlar epoxy composite panels. The areas of the core damage zones are sensitive to the absorbed energy and it increases rapidly in case of shot lodging.
9 References 1. T. S. Jones, Inspection of composites using the automated Ultrasonic scanning system (AUSS), Materials Evaluation, Vol 43, 1985, pp D. Datta, C. V. Venkatesh and N. N..Kishore, Application of multidimensional cluster analysis in identification of defects in fibre composites, Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol 12, 1995, pp M. R. Bhatt and C. R. L. Murthy, Ultrasonic imaging for evaluation of impact induced damage in woven Fabric CFRPcomposites laminates, Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol 2, 2003, pp D. Datta, S. Samanta, & P. Maity, Automated imaging of composite specimens, Journal of Non destructive testing and evaluation, Vol 3, 2004, pp PCUS11 Ultrasonic P/R Board Manual, Doc # EBD003-1, Fraunhoffer Institute for Non-Destructive Testing, Saarbruecken, Germany, QUT Ultrasonic testing software Manual, Version 4, 1999, Quality Network (QNET) Pvt. Ltd. 7. Wong Ching-Chang, Chen Chia-Chong, Su Mu-Chun, 2001, A Novel Algorithm for Data Clustering, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp
Structural Diagnostics, Inc. Leaders In Automated Ultrasonic Testing. Immersion Tanks Large Gantries Custom Systems
sdi Structural Diagnostics, Inc. sdi Leaders In Automated Ultrasonic Testing Immersion Tanks Large Gantries Custom Systems SDI-MasterScan Motion Control and WinScan Analysis The SDI MasterScan/WinScan
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE PHASED-ARRAY TECHNOLOGY WITH PAINT-BRUSH EVALUATION FOR SEAMLESS-TUBE TESTING
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE PHASED-ARRAY TECHNOLOGY WITH PAINT-BRUSH EVALUATION FOR SEAMLESS-TUBE TESTING R.H. Pawelletz, E. Eufrasio, Vallourec & Mannesmann do Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; B. M. Bisiaux,
Practical Application of the Phased-Array Technology with Paint-Brush Evaluation for Seamless-Tube Testing
ECNDT 2006 - Th.1.1.4 Practical Application of the Phased-Array Technology with Paint-Brush Evaluation for Seamless-Tube Testing R.H. PAWELLETZ, E. EUFRASIO, Vallourec & Mannesmann do Brazil, Belo Horizonte,
DETECTION OF KISSING BONDS IN FRICTION STIR WELDS
DETECTION OF KISSING BONDS IN FRICTION STIR WELDS N.T. Sewell, Theta Technologies Limited, Exeter, UK J.R. Wright, Theta Technologies Limited, Exeter, UK J.C.S. Wright, Theta Technologies Limited, Exeter,
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVED
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVED ULTRASONIC IMAGING OF DEFECTS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS Brian G. Frock and Richard W. Martin University of Dayton Research Institute Dayton,
NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL SAMPLE USING A LASER ULTRASONICS SYSTEM WITH A BEAM HOMOGENIZER
NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL SAMPLE USING A LASER ULTRASONICS SYSTEM WITH A BEAM HOMOGENIZER J. M. S. Sakamoto 1, 4, A. Baba 2, B. R. Tittmann 3, J. Mulry 3, M. Kropf, 3 and G. M.
WI, USA; 3 QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough, Hampshire, UK
RAPID, LOW-COST, FULL-WAVEFORM MAPPING AND ANALYSIS WITH ULTRASONIC ARRAYS D. Lines 1, J. Skramstad 2, and R. Smith 3 1 Diagnostic Sonar Ltd, Livingston, West Lothian, UK; 2 NDT Solutions Inc, New Richmond,
Advancements in Acoustic Micro-Imaging Tuesday October 11th, 2016
Central Texas Electronics Association Advancements in Acoustic Micro-Imaging Tuesday October 11th, 2016 A review of the latest advancements in Acoustic Micro-Imaging for the non-destructive inspection
Ultrasonic Testing adapts to meet the needs of the Automotive Tube Industry
Ultrasonic Testing adapts to meet the needs of the Automotive Tube Industry By Mark Palynchuk, Western Instruments Inc. Mill-Line Ultrasonic Testing (UT) has typically been limited to wall thicknesses
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING EFLAWS ON QUALIFICATION OF NUCLEAR SPENT FUEL DISPOSAL CANISTER INSPECTION
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING EFLAWS ON QUALIFICATION OF NUCLEAR SPENT FUEL DISPOSAL CANISTER INSPECTION More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22532 Iikka Virkkunen 1, Ulf Ronneteg 2, Göran
Study on Indication pattern in Time of Flight Diffraction technique
Study on Indication pattern in Time of Flight Diffraction technique Jignesh Dhimar, Jayesh Patel, Satish Tilva L&T MHPS Boilers Pvt. Ltd., Hazira, Surat-394510, India, Tel: 0261-280-8929, Mob: 9638279791
Perfecting the Package Bare and Overmolded Stacked Dies. Understanding Ultrasonic Technology for Advanced Package Inspection. A Sonix White Paper
Perfecting the Package Bare and Overmolded Stacked Dies Understanding Ultrasonic Technology for Advanced Package Inspection A Sonix White Paper Perfecting the Package Bare and Overmolded Stacked Dies Understanding
A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCED INSPECTION OF REACTOR VESSEL STUDS AND NUTS BY COMBINED MULTI-FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT AND ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18566 A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCED INSPECTION OF REACTOR VESSEL STUDS AND NUTS BY COMBINED MULTI-FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT AND ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE
John H. Gieske and Mark A Rumsey Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico This work was supported by the United States
ve Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Composite-to-Metal Bond Interface of Turbine Blade Using An Acousto-Ultrasonic Technique. John H. Gieske and Mark A Rumsey Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque,
Laser Beam Analyser Laser Diagnos c System. If you can measure it, you can control it!
Laser Beam Analyser Laser Diagnos c System If you can measure it, you can control it! Introduc on to Laser Beam Analysis In industrial -, medical - and laboratory applications using CO 2 and YAG lasers,
Multi-Frame Matrix Capture Common File Format (MFMC- CFF) Requirements Capture
University of Bristol NDT Laboratory Multi-Frame Matrix Capture Common File Format (MFMC- CFF) Requirements Capture Martin Mienczakowski, September 2014 OVERVIEW A project has been launched at the University
AN ARTISTIC TECHNIQUE FOR AUDIO-TO-VIDEO TRANSLATION ON A MUSIC PERCEPTION STUDY
AN ARTISTIC TECHNIQUE FOR AUDIO-TO-VIDEO TRANSLATION ON A MUSIC PERCEPTION STUDY Eugene Mikyung Kim Department of Music Technology, Korea National University of Arts eugene@u.northwestern.edu ABSTRACT
Sonotron NDT 4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel.
ISONIC PA AUT Automatic Ultrasonic Inspection of Girth Welds Combining Phased Array, TOFD, and Conventional Pulse Echo Techniques Sonotron NDT 4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
NDT Supply.com 7952 Nieman Road Lenexa, KS USA
ETher ETherCheck Combined Eddy Current & Bond Testing Flaw Detector The ETherCheck is a combined Eddy Current and Bond Testing Flaw Detector which comes with a rich range of features offered by a best
A dedicated data acquisition system for ion velocity measurements of laser produced plasmas
A dedicated data acquisition system for ion velocity measurements of laser produced plasmas N Sreedhar, S Nigam, Y B S R Prasad, V K Senecha & C P Navathe Laser Plasma Division, Centre for Advanced Technology,
INTRODUCTION TO SONOSCAN
Date: 07/10/2003 INTRODUCTION TO SONOSCAN Dr. Lawrence W. Kessler developed the acoustic microscopy, non-destructive inspection technique at the Zenith Radio Corporation, and in 1973, he acquired patent
Automatic Music Clustering using Audio Attributes
Automatic Music Clustering using Audio Attributes Abhishek Sen BTech (Electronics) Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai, India abhishekpsen@gmail.com Abstract Music brings people together,
Eddy current tools for education and innovation
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Eddy current tools for education and innovation Gerhard MOOK, Jouri SIMONIN Institute of Materials and Joining Technology,
Innovative Rotary Encoders Deliver Durability and Precision without Tradeoffs. By: Jeff Smoot, CUI Inc
Innovative Rotary Encoders Deliver Durability and Precision without Tradeoffs By: Jeff Smoot, CUI Inc Rotary encoders provide critical information about the position of motor shafts and thus also their
APPLICATION OF PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TEST EQUIPMENT TO THE QUALIFICATION OF RAILWAY COMPONENTS
APPLICATION OF PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TEST EQUIPMENT TO THE QUALIFICATION OF RAILWAY COMPONENTS K C Arcus J Cookson P J Mutton SUMMARY Phased array ultrasonic testing is becoming common in a wide range
RPV and Primary Circuit Inspection. Pressure Vessel Inspection Codes for phased Arrays M. Moles, Olympus NDT, Canada
RPV and Primary Circuit Inspection Pressure Vessel Inspection Codes for phased Arrays M. Moles, Olympus NDT, Canada ABSTRACT Pressure vessel and piping welds require inspection to code worldwide to minimize
SCHEDA TECNICA. Amarro per cavi 13,5mm Amarro per cavi 16,5mm. MS217F00 Amarro per cavi 13,5mm MS218F00 Amarro per cavi 16,5mm
SCHEDA TECNICA Amarro per cavi 13,5mm Amarro per cavi 16,5mm Material: Galvanized steel MS217F00 Amarro per cavi 13,5mm MS218F00 Amarro per cavi 16,5mm For cable 13,5mm For cable 16,5mm 3. Weight The weight
UltraVision 3.8R30. Limitations and Remaining Anomalies.
UltraVision 3.8R30 Limitations and Remaining Anomalies www.zetec.com Table of Contents IMPORTANT MESSAGE... 4 Fixed Anomalies... 5 Licensing... 5 The Firing Sequencer is not available on an instrument
UPU 5000 Inline Delamination Detection and Process Trending with the Ultrasonic Measuring System
UPU 5000 Inline Delamination Detection and Process Trending with the Ultrasonic Measuring System Delamination Detection and Process Trending with the GreCon Ultrasonic Measuring System Exploit all reserves
GaAs MMIC Double Balanced Mixer
Page 1 The is a passive double balanced MMIC mixer. It features excellent conversion loss, superior isolations and spurious performance across a broad bandwidth, in a highly miniaturized form factor. Low
EddyCation - the All-Digital Eddy Current Tool for Education and Innovation
EddyCation - the All-Digital Eddy Current Tool for Education and Innovation G. Mook, J. Simonin Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute for Materials and Joining Technology ABSTRACT: The paper
ni.com Sensor Measurement Fundamentals Series
Sensor Measurement Fundamentals Series Position and Frequency Measurements Key Takeaways Encoder basics Counter fundamentals How to take a position measurement How to take a digital frequency measurement
MultiMac. Eddy Current Instrument for Encircling Coil, Sector and Rotary Probe Testing of Tube, Bar, & Wire
MultiMac Eddy Current Instrument for Encircling Coil, Sector and Rotary Probe Testing of Tube, Bar, & Wire Inspection Features Versatile Threshold Selection Challenging test conditions are made simple
Minimize your cost for Phased Array & TOFD
Minimize your cost for Phased Array & TOFD Latest ultrasonic flaw detector from SIUI, incorporates the latest advancements in Encoder In/Out UT/ TOFD Probe high-performance Phased Array and TOFD detection
GaAs MMIC Double Balanced Mixer
Page 1 The is a passive double balanced MMIC mixer. It features excellent conversion loss, superior isolations and spurious performance across a broad bandwidth, in a highly miniaturized form factor. Low
Automatic ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in composite materials
ARTICLE IN PRESS NDT&E International 41 (2008) 145 154 www.elsevier.com/locate/ndteint Automatic ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in composite materials T. D Orazio a,, M. Leo a, A.
A HIGHLY INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING LARGE VOLUMES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING DATA. H. L. Grothues, R. H. Peterson, D. R. Hamlin, K. s.
A HIGHLY INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING LARGE VOLUMES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING DATA H. L. Grothues, R. H. Peterson, D. R. Hamlin, K. s. Pickens Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas INTRODUCTION
Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays
Ultra-Short Pulse Lasers Enable Precision Flexible OLED Cutting FLORENT THIBAULT, PRODUCT LINE MANAGER, HATIM HALOUI, APPLICATION MANAGER, JORIS VAN NUNEN, PRODUCT MARKETING MANAGER, INDUSTRIAL PICOSECOND
EDDY CURRENT IMAGE PROCESSING FOR CRACK SIZE CHARACTERIZATION
EDDY CURRENT MAGE PROCESSNG FOR CRACK SZE CHARACTERZATON R.O. McCary General Electric Co., Corporate Research and Development P. 0. Box 8 Schenectady, N. Y. 12309 NTRODUCTON Estimation of crack length
TechNote: MuraTool CA: 1 2/9/00. Figure 1: High contrast fringe ring mura on a microdisplay
Mura: The Japanese word for blemish has been widely adopted by the display industry to describe almost all irregular luminosity variation defects in liquid crystal displays. Mura defects are caused by
Super Idea for Ultrasonic Inspection
Super Idea for Ultrasonic Inspection Ultrasound Inspection Ultrasound phased array (PA) and Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), two of the new NDT technologies, have become one important development trend
NDT Applications of All-Electronic 3D Terahertz Imaging
Introduction NDT Applications of All-Electronic 3D Terahertz Imaging Stefan BECKER *, Andreas Keil *, Heinrich Nolting * * Becker Photonik GmbH, D-32457 Porta Westfalica, Germany! Basics of All-Electronic
GaAs MMIC Triple Balanced Mixer
Page 1 The is a passive MMIC triple balanced mixer. It features a broadband IF port that spans from 2 to 20 GHz, and has excellent spurious suppression. GaAs MMIC technology improves upon the previous
A Turnkey Weld Inspection Solution Combining PAUT & TOFD
11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), October 6-10, 2014, Prague, Czech Republic A Turnkey Weld Inspection Solution Combining PAUT & TOFD Jérôme POIRIER 1, Patrick TREMBLAY
ON THE INTERPOLATION OF ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVE SIGNALS
ON THE INTERPOLATION OF ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVE SIGNALS Jennifer E. Michaels 1, Ren-Jean Liou 2, Jason P. Zutty 1, and Thomas E. Michaels 1 1 School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute
MODE FIELD DIAMETER AND EFFECTIVE AREA MEASUREMENT OF DISPERSION COMPENSATION OPTICAL DEVICES
MODE FIELD DIAMETER AND EFFECTIVE AREA MEASUREMENT OF DISPERSION COMPENSATION OPTICAL DEVICES Hale R. Farley, Jeffrey L. Guttman, Razvan Chirita and Carmen D. Pâlsan Photon inc. 6860 Santa Teresa Blvd
Durham Magneto Optics Ltd. NanoMOKE 3 Wafer Mapper. Specifications
Durham Magneto Optics Ltd NanoMOKE 3 Wafer Mapper Specifications Overview The NanoMOKE 3 Wafer Mapper is an ultrahigh sensitivity Kerr effect magnetometer specially configured for measuring magnetic hysteresis
Instrument Recognition in Polyphonic Mixtures Using Spectral Envelopes
Instrument Recognition in Polyphonic Mixtures Using Spectral Envelopes hello Jay Biernat Third author University of Rochester University of Rochester Affiliation3 words jbiernat@ur.rochester.edu author3@ismir.edu
CMS Note Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland
Available on CMS information server CMS NOTE 1999/012 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment CMS Note Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland February 23, 1999 Assembly and operation of
Application Note AN-708 Vibration Measurements with the Vibration Synchronization Module
Application Note AN-708 Vibration Measurements with the Vibration Synchronization Module Introduction The vibration module allows complete analysis of cyclical events using low-speed cameras. This is accomplished
Intelligent Pendulum Hardness Tester BEVS 1306 User Manual
Intelligent Pendulum Hardness Tester BEVS 1306 User Manual Please read the user manual before operation. PAGE 1 Content 1. Company Profile... 3 2. Product Introduction... 3 3. Operation Instruction...
UNIT-3 Part A. 2. What is radio sonde? [ N/D-16]
UNIT-3 Part A 1. What is CFAR loss? [ N/D-16] Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) is a property of threshold or gain control devices that maintain an approximately constant rate of false target detections
Release Notes for LAS AF version 1.8.0
October 1 st, 2007 Release Notes for LAS AF version 1.8.0 1. General Information A new structure of the online help is being implemented. The focus is on the description of the dialogs of the LAS AF. Configuration
Real-time QC in HCHP seismic acquisition Ning Hongxiao, Wei Guowei and Wang Qiucheng, BGP, CNPC
Chengdu China Ning Hongxiao, Wei Guowei and Wang Qiucheng, BGP, CNPC Summary High channel count and high productivity bring huge challenges to the QC activities in the high-density and high-productivity
INTRODUCTION. The sketch above shows the initial concept for the HRSG Internal Access Tool. 535 Old Frankstown Road Pittsburgh, PA
INTRODUCTION Most Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) are not designed to allow access to the majority of the finned tubes for inspection. These tubes are spaced tightly together and are welded to headers.
Characterization and improvement of unpatterned wafer defect review on SEMs
Characterization and improvement of unpatterned wafer defect review on SEMs Alan S. Parkes *, Zane Marek ** JEOL USA, Inc. 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960 ABSTRACT Defect Scatter Analysis (DSA) provides
Affected Products: Product Line Category Device Version Machinery Health Management. Data Analysis
Knowledge Base Article Vibration Applications With Vibrating Screens Article ID: NK-1000-0572 Publish Date: 04 Mar 2015 Article Status: Article Type: Required Action: Approved General Product Technical
SETUP TIME REDUCTION FOR CNC HOBBING MACHINE IMPLEMENTING SMED AND DESIGN OF SPLIT FIXTURE
SETUP TIME REDUCTION FOR CNC HOBBING MACHINE IMPLEMENTING SMED AND DESIGN OF SPLIT FIXTURE 1 KARAN SHARMA, 2 NAIK NITHESH, 3 ARUN PRABHU, 4 GEORGE VARGHESE 1,2,3,4 Dept. of Mechanical and Mfg. Engg, Manipal
Standard Operating Procedure of nanoir2-s
Standard Operating Procedure of nanoir2-s The Anasys nanoir2 system is the AFM-based nanoscale infrared (IR) spectrometer, which has a patented technique based on photothermal induced resonance (PTIR),
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
124 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Data hiding is becoming one of the most rapidly advancing techniques the field of research especially with increase in technological advancements in internet and
AIMCAL FALL CONFERENCE. More Than Defect Detection. The Real Value of Web Inspection
AIMCAL FALL CONFERENCE More Than Defect Detection The Real Value of Web Inspection By Werner F. Goeckel, President, ISRA Surface Vision Inc, 4357 Park Drive, Suite J, Norcross, GA 30093 TEL: 770-449-7776;
TWO BUNCHES WITH NS-SEPARATION WITH LCLS*
TWO BUNCHES WITH NS-SEPARATION WITH LCLS* F.-J. Decker, S. Gilevich, Z. Huang, H. Loos, A. Marinelli, C.A. Stan, J.L. Turner, Z. van Hoover, S. Vetter, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA Abstract The Linac
MultiMac SM. Eddy Current Instrument for Encircling Coil, Sector and Rotary Probe Testing of Tube, Bar, & Wire
MultiMac SM Eddy Current Instrument for Encircling Coil, Sector and Rotary Probe Testing of Tube, Bar, & Wire Features of the MultiMac SM Electronics Simultaneous Coil and/or Rotary Probe operation Differential
Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation
2013 Spring Term 1 Lecture 2 Video Formation and Representation Wen-Hsiao Peng ( 彭文孝 ) Multimedia Architecture and Processing Lab (MAPL) Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University 1
Civa Modelling for Internal Ultrasonic Tube Testing
Civa Modelling for Internal Ultrasonic Tube Testing More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22360 Ed Ginzel 1 1 Materials Research Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada e-mail: eginzel@mri.on.ca
Setting the quality standards. Glass Inspection. Defect detection from the technology leader
Setting the quality standards Glass Inspection Defect detection from the technology leader Inspection systems for flat glass processing Pfungstadt / Germany Made in Germany Service Telephone support Inspection
Calibrate, Characterize and Emulate Systems Using RFXpress in AWG Series
Calibrate, Characterize and Emulate Systems Using RFXpress in AWG Series Introduction System designers and device manufacturers so long have been using one set of instruments for creating digitally modulated
Chapter 7. Scanner Controls
Chapter 7 Scanner Controls Gain Compensation Echoes created by similar acoustic mismatches at interfaces deeper in the body return to the transducer with weaker amplitude than those closer because of the
A Parametric Autoregressive Model for the Extraction of Electric Network Frequency Fluctuations in Audio Forensic Authentication
Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Control, Dynamic Systems, and Robotics (CDSR 16) Ottawa, Canada May 9 10, 2016 Paper No. 110 DOI: 10.11159/cdsr16.110 A Parametric Autoregressive Model
Automatic Defect Recognition in Industrial Applications
Automatic Defect Recognition in Industrial Applications Klaus Bavendiek, Frank Herold, Uwe Heike YXLON International, Hamburg, Germany INDE 2007 YXLON. The reason why 1 Different Fields for Usage of ADR
GaAs DOUBLE-BALANCED MIXER
The MM1-312S is a high linearity passive double balanced MMIC mixer. The S diode offers superior 1 db compression, two tone intermodulation performance, and spurious suppression to other GaAs MMIC mixers.
CIRCOGRAPH. Non-Destructive Eddy Current Testing of Long Products such as Wires, Bars and Tubes
CIRCOGRAPH Non-Destructive Eddy Current Testing of Long Products such as Wires, Bars and Tubes FOERSTER DIVISION TEST SYSTEMS (TS) The Company FOERSTER is a global technology leader for nondestructive
Advanced Sensor Technologies
Advanced Sensor Technologies Jörg Amelung Fraunhofer Institute for Photonics Microsystems Name of presenter date Sensors as core element for IoT Next phase of market grow New/Advanced Requirements based
IMPLEMENTATION OF X-FACTOR CIRCUITRY IN DECOMPRESSOR ARCHITECTURE
IMPLEMENTATION OF X-FACTOR CIRCUITRY IN DECOMPRESSOR ARCHITECTURE SATHISHKUMAR.K #1, SARAVANAN.S #2, VIJAYSAI. R #3 School of Computing, M.Tech VLSI design, SASTRA University Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401,
Real-time Chatter Compensation based on Embedded Sensing Device in Machine tools
International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR) ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-9, September 2015 Real-time Chatter Compensation based on Embedded Sensing Device
Tech Paper. HMI Display Readability During Sinusoidal Vibration
Tech Paper HMI Display Readability During Sinusoidal Vibration HMI Display Readability During Sinusoidal Vibration Abhilash Marthi Somashankar, Paul Weindorf Visteon Corporation, Michigan, USA James Krier,
1 Power Protection and Conditioning
Power Protection and Conditioning MCR Hardwired Series Power Line Conditioning with Voltage Regulation The MCR Hardwired Series provides excellent noise filtering and surge protection to safeguard connected
YXLON Cougar EVO PLUS
YXLON Cougar EVO PLUS The best small footprint X-ray inspection system for LABORATORY applications Technology with Passion Choose a custom-built EVO solution for premium inspection Why compromise? As technology
Technology of high-speed storage for target signal based on ARM7 + double NAND memory
Technology of high-speed storage for target signal based on ARM7 + double NAND memory Chaowei Li 1, Jin Gao 2, Xin Cao 3, Chen Shi 4 Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, 712099,
Thadd C. Patton and David K. Hsu FAA-Center for Aviation Systems Reliability Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011
FIELD DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE DRIPLESS BUBBLER ULTRASONIC SCANNER INTRODUCTION Thadd C. Patton and David K. Hsu FAA-Center for Aviation Systems Reliability Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 During the
DPD80 Visible Datasheet
Data Sheet v1.3 Datasheet Resolved Inc. www.resolvedinstruments.com info@resolvedinstruments.com 217 Resolved Inc. All rights reserved. General Description The DPD8 is a low noise digital photodetector
5th Pan American Conference for NDT 2-6 October 2011, Cancun, Mexico. Integration of the Ultrasonic Real-Time Spot Weld Monitoring System
Integration of the Ultrasonic Real-Time Spot Weld Monitoring System Waldo J. Perez Regalado 1, Andriy M. Chertov 1, Roman Gr. Maev 1, Valdir Furlanetto 2. Abstract 1 The Institute for Diagnostic Imaging
THE NEW LASER FAMILY FOR FINE WELDING FROM FIBER LASERS TO PULSED YAG LASERS
FOCUS ON FINE SOLUTIONS THE NEW LASER FAMILY FOR FINE WELDING FROM FIBER LASERS TO PULSED YAG LASERS Welding lasers from ROFIN ROFIN s laser sources for welding satisfy all criteria for the optimized laser
Quality Control. Chapter 23
Chapter 23 Quality Control LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, students will be able to: Explain the need for quality control. Point out the difference between the two basic quality control
GaAs MMIC Double Balanced Mixer
Page 1 The is a passive double balanced MMIC mixer. It features excellent conversion loss, superior isolations and spurious performance across a broad bandwidth, in a highly miniaturized form factor. Accurate,
LED-Strip C12 MK2.6. Product Sheet
LED-Strip C12 MK2.6 Product Sheet schnick-schnack-systems Introduction features Generation 3 compatible Automatic Addressing System (Smart-Link) no addressing at the board Compatible with other series
Explore the Art of Detection
Y.Cougar Microfocus and nanofocus X-ray inspection systems for the electronics industries Explore the Art of Detection Technology with Passion Our specialty: The Art of Detection. Developing outstanding
SIMET AVIKO D INSTRUCTION MANUAL SORTING Solutions, Ltd.
SIMET AVIKO D INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1870 SORTING Solutions, Ltd. 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS...1 2. INTRODUCTION...2 2.1. Application...2 2.2. Operating Conditions...2 2.3. Electro - Optical
GaAs DOUBLE-BALANCED MIXER
MM1-124S The MM1-124S is a passive double balanced MMIC mixer. It features excellent conversion loss, superior isolations and spurious performance across a broad bandwidth, in a highly miniaturized form
Normal Contact Transducer is a transducer that tests putting Longitudinal Wave on vertical incidence.
Normal Contact Probe Normal Contact Transducer is a transducer that tests putting Longitudinal Wave on vertical incidence. Normal Contact Transducer (Membrane ) Normal Contact Transducer is Primarily used
ECE 480. Pre-Proposal 1/27/2014 Ballistic Chronograph
ECE 480 Pre-Proposal 1/27/2014 Ballistic Chronograph Sponsor: Brian Wright Facilitator: Dr. Mahapatra James Cracchiolo, Nick Mancuso, Steven Kanitz, Madi Kassymbekov, Xuming Zhang Executive Summary: Ballistic
Outline. Why do we classify? Audio Classification
Outline Introduction Music Information Retrieval Classification Process Steps Pitch Histograms Multiple Pitch Detection Algorithm Musical Genre Classification Implementation Future Work Why do we classify
DPD80 Infrared Datasheet
Data Sheet v1.4 DPD8 Infrared DPD8 Infrared Datasheet Resolved Inc. www.resolvedinstruments.com info@resolvedinstruments.com 217 Resolved Inc. All rights reserved. DPD8 Infrared General Description The
Microincrements IP67-related solutions
technology microincrements Keywords microincrements Distributed Clocks EtherCAT EtherCAT Box IP 67 EP50 encoder Microincrements IP67-related solutions This application example describes how an EP50 EtherCAT
Integration of Virtual Instrumentation into a Compressed Electricity and Electronic Curriculum
Integration of Virtual Instrumentation into a Compressed Electricity and Electronic Curriculum Arif Sirinterlikci Ohio Northern University Background Ohio Northern University Technological Studies Department
Real-time full matrix capture + total focusing and other novel imaging options using general purpose PC-based array instrumentation
DOI: 10.1784/insi.2012.54.2.86 ARRAY IMAGING Real-time full matrix capture + total focusing and other novel imaging options using general purpose PC-based array instrumentation D I A Lines, J Wharrie and
Automatic LP Digitalization Spring Group 6: Michael Sibley, Alexander Su, Daphne Tsatsoulis {msibley, ahs1,
Automatic LP Digitalization 18-551 Spring 2011 Group 6: Michael Sibley, Alexander Su, Daphne Tsatsoulis {msibley, ahs1, ptsatsou}@andrew.cmu.edu Introduction This project was originated from our interest
AC05-76RL01830; NRC JCN N6398; Mr. Wallace Norris, Program Monitor.
Developments in Ultrasonic Inspection II Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Cracks and Machined Flawsas Observed through Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Welds M.T. Anderson, A.D. Cinson, S.L. Crawford, S.E.
In-process inspection: Inspector technology and concept
Inspector In-process inspection: Inspector technology and concept Need to inspect a part during production or the final result? The Inspector system provides a quick and efficient method to interface a
OPERATIVE GUIDE P.I.T. PILE INTEGRITY TEST
OPERATIVE GUIDE P.I.T. PILE INTEGRITY TEST 1 Echotest procedure / PIT Pile Integrity test with MAE ETBT instrument Generals Theory notes Pile Integrity Test (PIT) is a simple non destructive test which