Critical Media Theory. Henrik Åhman Department of Informatics and Media

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Transcription:

Critical Media Theory Henrik Åhman Department of Informatics and Media

Critical media theory The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction (Benjamin) Dialectics of Enlightenment (Horkheimer & Adorno) The concept of Enlightenment The culture industry

Man and machine concur nature

How should we handle the broken promises of the Enlightenment?

The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction Walter Benjamin Dialectics of Enlightenment Horkheimer & Adorno

The Italian futurism Realism and optimism regarding technique Art, architecture, industrial design, movies, literature, music etc. Cubism Manifesto 1909 (Filippo Tommaso Marinetti)...glorify war......scorn for woman......destroy the museums and libraries...... free this land from its smelly gangrene of professors, archaeologists, ciceroni and antiquarians...

The Italian futurism Realism and optimism regarding technique Art, architecture, industrial design, movies, literature, music etc. Cubism Manifesto 1909 (Filippo Tommaso Marinetti)...glorify war......scorn for woman......destroy the museums and libraries...... free this land from its smelly gangrene of professors, archaeologists, ciceroni and antiquarians...

The Italian Fascism Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Journalist interested in media Freud: Human being as a complex creature of passion The National Fascist Party (1921) Revive the Roman empire through mythology

The German Fascism

Spectacle for the masses

Personality cult, fandom

The logical result of Fascism is the introduction of aesthetics into political life. The violation of the masses, whom Fascism, with its Führer cult, forces to their knees, has its counterpart in the violation of an apparatus which is pressed into the production of ritual values. Walter Benjamin

According to Benjamin s media analysis Fascism is characterized by a certain kind of technology utopianism. Fascism uses new media technologies to introduce a distance between object and representation. Fascism uses media technology to deconstruct the human being and the reconstruct her according to new ideals.

How should we handle the broken promises of the Enlightenment?

Dialectics of Enlightenment Horkheimer & Adorno

The Institute for Social Research (The Frankfurt School) Founded 1923 Closed down under Nazi pressure 1933 (Jewish intellectuals) New York 1934-1950 Re-established in Frankfurt during the 1950s Marxist, but not dogmatically communist Anti bourgeois Change society Culture is an important part of society (both problem and solution)

Dialectic of Enlightenment How come oppression and superficial commercialization characterize our societies despite its enlightened and rational foundations? Necessity vs. Freedom. Can we change society? What is the role of media technology in societal change?

Myth Erase the unknown Mimesis Enlightenment De-mystify the world Observable regularity Empirical research Laws of nature Human intervention impossible How can we think change in a culture that is based on regularity and necessity? Conformity, passivity The inability to hear the yet unheard Thinking is unnecessary Thinking reproduces the world Unchangeable clockwork Mimesis The concept identifies a gap between the existing and the possible

Pleasure hardens into boredom because, if it is to remain pleasure, it must not demand any effort and therefore moves rigorously in the worn grooves of association. Horkheimer & Adorno

Pleasure is flight; not, as is asserted, flight from a wretched reality, but from the last remaining thought of resistance. Horkheimer & Adorno

Individuality Standardization

The public is catered for with a hierarchical range of mass-produced products of varying quality, thus advancing the rule of complete quantification. Horkheimer & Adorno

Geographic dissemination Product diversification Product cycles Speed Limits, Mark C. Taylor (2014)

According to Horkheimer & Adorno The culture industry in the US is based on a mimesis logic Status quo, reproduces structures of power The concept constitutes a possibility for change

Critical media theory Look under the surface Media s role in society Political Structures of power Not necessarily solution-oriented

Questions?

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